Quicklime Research Articles

Effects of Comprehensive Technologies on the Improvement of Acidified Vineyard Soils

Soil acidification is an important factor that restricts the yield and quality of fruits. In this study, the comprehensive improving technologies were applied on the vineyards in which the soil pH is below 5.5. The technologies include application of soil conditioner, organic fertilizer and bacterial manure, and growth of green manure and natural grass. The results show that the comprehensive improving technologies can raise the pH of 0-15 cm soil layer by 0.5-0.8 unit and the pH of 15-30 cm soil layer by 0.3-0.6 unit. The soil bulk densities are decreased by 0.77-10.42%. The contents of organic matter, total N, available P and K in the soils are all increased. Therefore, the soil fertilities are improved. The yields of grape fruits are increased by 12.77-14.94%, and the contents of soluble solid in the grapes are raised by 7.01-9.55%, by the comprehensive measure of seaweed liquid silicon plus sheep manure plus growth of green manure. The comprehensive measure of soil conditioner Naduoli No. 1 plus bacterial manure plus natural grass increases the yields of grape by 7.67%, raises the content of soluble solid in the grape by 8.6%. But the effect of the comprehensive measure of unslaked lime plus sheep manure plus growth of green manure is not clear.

Effect of quick lime on physicochemical properties of clay soil

Effect of quick lime on physicochemical properties of clay soil

Effect of quick lime on physicochemical properties of clay soil

Clay soils are known for their water sensitivity, which causes irreparable damage to any structure built on this type of soil. In order to avoid such problem, it is necessary to use various improvement and stabilization methods such as treatment with lime. This process has been used successfully in the field for decades. The addition of lime generates various physicochemical reactions within the soil such as cation exchange and pozzolanic reactions which are largely responsible for the improvement of the soil in question. This paper presents a study concerning the variation of physicochemical properties of clayey soil with the addition of quicklime at different percentages. Experiments were performed on two clayey soils (CL type) in order to investigate the influence of quicklime on Atterberg limits and pH. These tests were carried out in an attempt to study and follow the development and progression of various reactions occurred within the soil with various lime percentages. The results show that the addition of quicklime causes a significant improvement in soil properties by reducing plasticity and thereby improves the soil workability. It can also be found that the addition of lime increase pH of soil, which allow activating pozzolanic reactions who tend to stabilize the soil in question by formation of cementitious compounds. Finally, the pH can be considered as a relevant parameter who allows a better understanding of the reactions that occur in the soil matrix.

Influencia humana en las fluctuaciones poblacionales de erizos de mar

Echinoids play an important role in marine ecosystems structuring. Often, their population density experience markedly fluctuations that promote a state shift in the ecosystems they inhabit. Population increments of some sea urchins may cause catastrophic changes in temperate areas of the planet by decimating the erect macroalgae cover. These population increments results in unproductive and very stable assemblages, known as “blanquizales” (ericeras/moradales), or sea urchin barren ground. Macroalgae are the main ecosystem engineers in temperate areas and generate a suitable nursery and feeding habitat for fishes. These algae stands are also important zones for biofiltration of coastal waters and CO2 uptake. The main consequence of vegetated biomass lost is a trophic disequilibrium that generates important economic losses for artisanal fisheries and tourism. In tropical areas, sea urchin’s outbreaks can cause bioerosion in coral reefs. However, the most important event to highlight was the mass mortality occurred in the Caribbean during the 80’s. This event favored the development of algae communities that suffocated the coral reef ecosystem. Therefore, both in temperate and tropical areas of the planet, these boom-bust echinoids generate undesired ecosystems states. Very recently, various global scale collaborative papers have highlighted a clear anthropogenic cue. Human activity though overfishing or favoring global warming, weakens marine ecosystem resilience and promote these catastrophic ecosystem shifts. To mitigate the effects of these population changes different management strategies have been used. For instance, in temperate areas, sea urchin reduction actions (manually or by using quick lime), sea urchin harvesting or the implementation of marine reserves have been used, with contrasting results. In Caribbean coral reefs affected by urchin mass mortality, some sea urchin juvenile’s reintroduction plans have been used but with very low effectiveness. The more feasible ecosystem scale strategy due to its preventive nature, seems to be the implementation of protected areas. However, the impact of global warming will exceed our capacity to manage marine ecosystems locally and will required more efficient global actions to prevent undesired sea urchin fluctuations. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S23-S34. Epub 2017 November 01.

Application of Slag Compound as a Curing Agent for Dealing With Salt Expansion in Coastal Saline Soil

Because of high concentration of soluble salt in coastal saline soil, it might cause salt expansion to some extent. In this paper, the application of slag compound as a curing agent (referred to as SM) for dealing with salt expansion in saline soil is investigated. This has done through studying the coefficient of salt expansion characteristics of the soil stabilized by slag compound. The test results approve that the SM improves saline soil’s salt expansion and can make a soil characterized as expansible to the one with no salt expansion. Furthermore, SM decreases the coefficient of salt expansion after hydration by turning into crystal and gel formation, which improves the strength of soil samples and reduces the expansion of crystalline salts. On the other hand, SM reacts with the soluble salt in saline soil, which reduces the content of soluble salt and reduces the precipitation of crystalline salt and therefore lowers the coefficient of salt expansion. The study also compared the curing applications of SM, cement and quick lime. SM and cement have been found to have similar impacts on saline soil’s salt expansion, whilst SM has been identified as a more economically viable option. Quick lime, however, is shown to have less curing application compared with both SM and cement. Thus, utilizing SM for improving saline soil’s salt expansion has been proved to not only be technically feasible, but also economically viable.

Expansive cements for the manufacture of the concrete protective bandages

Abstract One of the promising directions of the use of expansive cements is making the protective bandages for the maintenance of pipelines. Bandages expansive application of the compositions of the pipeline reinforce the damaged area and reduce stress due to compressive stress in the cylindrical area. Such requirements are best suited for expansive compositions obtained from portland cement and modified quicklime. The article presents the results of expansive cements based on quick lime in order to implement protective bandages pipelines.

Design of energy systems with biomass utilization using gasification and torrefaction in quicklime plants

The aim of this paper is to investigate the benefits of fuel switching to biomass in energy intensive industries such as quicklime plants. Biomass gasification and torrefaction are biomass processing technologies utilized in offering an alternative thermal source, partially replacing fossil fuels. Such transition facilitates the drastic reduction of emitted CO2 and other hazardous substances but is accompanied by significant additional process infrastructure requirements. Process simulation based analysis enables the evaluation and assessment of the heat integration solutions for the renewable fuel transformation technology with the existing production unit. Definitely, a higher overall efficiency can be achieved with biomass gasification based on a carbon emissions analysis. However, torrefaction improves plant flexibility, especially under intermittent or highly variable biomass supply due to the ability of the plant to store effectively the processed solid fuel.

Burnt lime production and the Pre-Columbian Maya socio-economy: A case study from the northern Yucatán

Burnt lime has been crucial for architectural, dietary, and other purposes in Maya society since as far back as 1100 BCE. The recent identification of a series of pit-kilns used for lime production in the Puuc region of the northern Yucatán Peninsula allows for an unprecedented investigation of the socio-economic organization of the Pre-Columbian lime industry. This article reports on the importance of burnt lime to Maya society and presents the results of spatial analyses of the pit-kilns in relation to other archaeological and environmental features. The distribution of the lime production features indicate that the Pre-Columbian lime industry was decentralized and organized at the small corporate group level. Some of these groups likely incorporated limestone extraction and processing into a broader multi-crafting subsistence strategy. Those small corporate groups that did not produce their own lime would have had to acquire it from producing groups through an intra-community exchange system. Spatial analyses also indicate that lime production locations reflect a desire to limit both pre- and post-production material transportation efforts. The study provides a model for investigating the production and distribution of a perishable craft good that can be used for examining perishable goods in ancient societies beyond Mesoamerica. The small-scale, decentralized lime production organization identified in the northern Maya lowlands can now be compared with systems of production and exchange of perishable goods in other pre-modern societies around the world.

An “ex situ” microbial process for the removal of heavy metals from polluted soil: A case study of Ada rice field, Adani, Enugu State, Nigeria

ABSTRACTAn “ex situ” microbial method for the removal of heavy metals from soil is described. Elemental sulfur was added to generate the lixiviant in shaker flask experiments in which soil sampled from a polluted agricultural field was treated. The biotic oxidation of sulfur to sulfuric acid resulted in significant drop in pH of the bioleaching liquor from 6.94 to 1.8 after 50 days. In batches operated at very low (10 g/kg) sulfur concentrations, pH changed from 6.94 to 5.45. The 50 g/kg soil sulfur concentration was found to be most beneficial to the solubilization process because more than 95% of metals such as zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) were recovered while approximately 67% of manganese (Mn) got solubilized. The least concentration of dissolved metals was lead (Pb) – (25%) and chromium (Cr) – (10%). Sulfate accumulation rose to 47% in samples spiked with 50 g/kg soil of sulfur. At lower sulfur concentrations, the sulfates generated were higher than the amount of sulfur added. The microbial process compared well to the abiotic process involving extraneous addition of sulfuric acid except that very high concentrations of acid had to be used. The treatment of the bioleaching wastewater promoted precipitation of the dissolved metals into insoluble hydroxides making discharge of the effluent into the environment safe. The leached soil recovered sufficiently for agricultural use after quick lime and animal manure was used to improve, stabilize, and restore its physical, chemical, and biological conditions.

USING MULTIPLE LINES OF EVIDENCE TO IDENTIFY PREHISPANIC MAYA BURNT-LIME KILNS IN THE NORTHERN YUCATÁN PENINSULA

This study discusses the investigation of a series of pit-kilns in and around the prehispanic site of Kiuic in the Puuc region of the northern Maya lowlands and presents the multiple lines of evidence that identify these structures as lime production features. The study reports the results of systematic excavations, archaeometric analyses, archaeological experiments, ethnographic inquiries, and spatial analyses. Burnt lime has been used for architectural, dietary, hygienic, and other purposes by the Maya for at least three millennia and yet its importance in prehispanic Maya society is belied by the lack of lime production features identified in the archaeological record. The identification of these structures as lime production features has implications for understanding subregional differences in socioeconomic organization and resource management practices among the prehispanic Maya. This report provides a model for using multiple methods and analyses to investigate and identify lime production kilns that can be applied to societies and landscapes throughout the Maya area and the broader premodern world.

A CASE STUDY OF DIFFERENT LIMESTONES DURING QUICK LIME AND SLAKED-LIME PRODUCTION

We have examined 5 different limestones in order to study their behavior i) during calcination at different temperatures (900, 1050 and 1200°C for 30 min) and ii) after hydration of quick limes derived to slaked lime. Quick limes calcined at 900°C show the lower reactivity values. This could be related to the low calcination temperature or to the short calcination time of 30 min which was unable to produce enough lime. The samples calcined at temperatures of 1200°C are less reactive compared to the hydrated limes which were prepared by hydration of quick lime calcined at 1050°C, indicating by parameters such as the (CaO+MgO)Lime, the time required to become the temperature maximum and the reactivity rate. These, probably could be due to crystal growth at relative high temperatures.

Three point bending flexural strength of cement treated tropical marine soil reinforced by lime treated natural fiber

Marine soil in the Selangor State of Malaysia was characterized with respect to its engineering properties as pavement layer in road constructions. Samples were collected from North Klang area in Selangor, Malaysia and subjected to physico-chemical, mineralogical and geotechnical analyses. Quick lime or calcium oxide (CaO) treated coconut fibers were introduced to soil cement mixture to enhance the flexural strength of tropical marine soil. Three point bending tests were carried out on treated samples after 7, 14 and 28days respectively. The tests results showed improvements in the flexural performance of the mixture as it could be seen by the increase in the flexural strength, Young’s modulus and the toughness index especially when the treated fibers were incorporated into the mixture. It was found that, the bond strength and interaction between treated fibers and soil was the dominant mechanism controlling the reinforcement benefit. It can be concluded that, the application of the CaO treated coconut fiber reinforced cement treated marine clay from Peninsular Malaysia is useful both in strength and ductility as pavement layer in road constructions.

A 10,400-year-old sunken lime kiln from the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B at the Nesher-Ramla quarry (el-Khirbe), Israel

The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) is the first period in human cultural evolution that is characterized by the extensive production of lime plaster for architectural, decorative and ritual purposes. The production of large quantities of lime plaster requires the operation of a lime kiln, a structure where limestone cobbles are heated to high temperatures (>600°C) to obtain quicklime, which is then mixed with water to form a moldable lime putty. However, little is known about lime kilns and plaster production processes during the PPNB. This may be because the technology used at that time was simple and left few traces that are unique to lime plaster production. These include combustion features rich in lime plaster and heat-altered sediments, which are difficult to identify through only a visual inspection of the archaeological context. Here we report the study of a small sinkhole at the Nesher-Ramla quarry in Israel, which yielded Early PPNB artifacts. Using infrared spectrometry and micromorphology of sediments, we identified in-situ deposits of heat-altered sediments rich in fragments of burnt limestone, lime plaster, and wood ash in the form of charcoal, phytoliths and siliceous aggregates, which are features consistent with the operation of a lime kiln. Charred botanical remains were characterized and used for radiocarbon dating, which determined the age of the site at 10,400cal BP. We therefore conclude, based on the examination of the microscopic archaeological record, that this sinkhole was used as a lime kiln during the Early PPNB.

Effect of lime kiln dust as an alternative binder in the stabilization of construction and demolition materials

Lime kiln dust (LKD) is the by-product powder collected from the downstream process of quick lime production. The LKD powder collected at the kilns of quick lime production plants has a high calcium content that in reality deems it to be suitable for utilization in stabilization activities to replace carbon intensive binders, such as Portland cement. Low calcium class F fly ash (FA) is the by-product of coal fired power stations that in combination, can potentially supplement the lack of silica in LKD. In this study, different combinations of LKD and FA were used as alternative binders to stabilize construction and demolition (C&D) materials. This approach was used to seek a solution to improve the strength and durability of recycled C&D wastes stabilized using an industrial by-product (LKD) and redirect them from current stockpiles accumulating in landfills. This sustainable approach not only reduces the negative environmental impacts associated with landfilling wastes, but also reduces the overall carbon emissions generated by the manufacturing of Portland cement. An extensive laboratory investigation was performed to characterize the stabilized C&D aggregates with combinations of LKD and FA. The stabilization process with LKD and FA was found to improve the load bearing capability of the soil matrix by increasing the contact area between aggregates by the cementitious products. The C&D aggregates stabilized with LKD and FA were found to be a viable solution for infrastructure applications. The combination of C&D+20% LKD+10% FA was found to be the optimum in terms of strength and resilient behavior.

Effects of bamboo powder and rice husk powder conditioners on sludge dewatering and filtrate quality

Decreasing sludge moisture content and increasing sludge organic content are the main difficulties encountered in sludge incineration. The use of inorganic lime as a sludge conditioner decreases sludge organic content and increases the concentration of contaminants, which present severe environmental hazards, in the dewatered filtrate. Thus, in the present study, two agricultural wastes, bamboo powder (BP) and rice husk powder (RHP), were selected to replace lime as sludge conditioners along with cationic polyacrylamide and FeCl3. Experimental results showed that BP and RHP acted as skeleton builders that decreased sludge compressibility from 1.08 to 0.76 and 0.78and increased the ultimate heating values of sludge cake. In addition, the addition of BP and RHP decreased the chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of the filtrate. Coordinated conditioning with BP and RHP decreased capillary suction time, specific resistance to filtration, and moisture content decreased. Therefore, the replacement of quick lime with BP and RHP could help achieve the stable operation of sludge incineration and wastewater treatment plants.

Soft Expansive Soil Improvement by Eco-Friendly Waste and Quick Lime

Expansive soils are being a source of risk to the population since it finally causes heavy economic losses, great damage to buildings and infrastructure. Current study focused on the feasibility of using waste from petrochemical plant (here called waste) as a stabilizer. The waste was provided from the process of water softening in petrochemical units. A complete set of laboratory tests were conducted to investigate on the effect of an eco-friendly waste and quick lime on stabilization of the expansive soil. For each of the introduced additives, treated samples containing 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12% concentration were prepared. The results of compaction, swelling measurement, Atterberg limits, and unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests indicated a reduction in swelling potential. This phenomena was contributed to the marked increase in UCS and shear strength of improved samples by waste and lime. The results unveiled that the new eco-friendly waste showed excellent function when compared to the conventional lime and it could provide desired geotechnical properties in soft expansive soil.

Analysis and Assessment of Energy Saving in Building Construction Using Sustainable Building Materials: A Case Study

Abstract Sustainable technology is associated with creating environment with the materials that are reproducible and would not involve materials and methods that encroach on to future needs of the society. Building materials, technologies and building practices have evolved through ages signifying quality and reliability. It is widely known that housing and building sector represents the living standards of society. Some of the building materials namely stone, mud, thatch, leaves and timber are extensively used in construction of buildings. Energy in different forms is used in manufacturing and transportation of these natural materials for construction. Burnt bricks, lime, cement, steel, metal products, paints and PVC are the manufactured materials (using external energy) commonly used for construction industry. Extensive use of these materials can drain the energy resources and adversely affect the environment. It is difficult to meet the ever-growing demand for buildings by adopting only energy efficient materials and construction methods. The raw materials to produce simple, energy efficient, eco-friendly and sustainable building materials and techniques to satisfy the increasing demand for buildings and decrease the consumption of energy in buildings. For this purpose a study is considered. Keywords: Energy, sustainable materials, alternative technologies, green buildings Cite this Article Vijaya Bhaskar S, Nagendra Prasad K. Analysis and Assessment of Energy Saving in Building Construction Using Sustainable Building Materials: A Case Study. Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management. 2017; 7(1): 1–9p.

3-55 破砕石灰石を固体触媒に利用するバイオディーゼル燃料生産プロセスの開発((13)BDF2,Session 3 バイオマス等)

3-55 破砕石灰石を固体触媒に利用するバイオディーゼル燃料生産プロセスの開発((13)BDF2,Session 3 バイオマス等)

The Use of Quicklime in Acid Mine Drainage Treatment

In this study, quick lime or calcium oxide (CaO) is used to treat acid mine drainage (AMD). Quick lime was obtained from quarry in Simpang Pulai, Ipoh, Perak. Quick lime is produced by calcination process of limestone at a temperature around of 900 °C to 950 °C. Acid mine drainage (AMD) was collected from a tin tailing pond that located in Perak. Jar test method was used to study the effectiveness of quick lime in AMD treatment. There are five parameters of weights and six interval times used in the experiments. The weights of quick lime used in this study were 1 g, 1.5 g, 2.0 g, 2.5 g and 3 g. The interval times used were 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min and 60 min. For each experiment, 1 L water sample was poured into a 2 L beaker and quick lime was added into the water sample. Mechanical stirrer with speed 700 rpm was used in all the experiments. The quick lime before and after treatment were analysed by using carbon and sulphur analyser for sulphur percentage. From the results of the jar test, quick lime is found to be capable to increase the pH value and decrease the amount of heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium in AMD.

Lime-stabilisation of high plasticity swelling clay from Ethiopia

In the present study, highly expansive clay soils from the Highlands of Ethiopia were studied to evaluate the efficiency of lime treatment to improve their mechanical properties for road subgrades. Soils treated with quick lime at 5, 7 and 9% by dry weight of the soil were cured for seven days under controlled temperature of 40 ± 2 °C and geomechanical laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate its impact on the engineering properties of the soil. Test results show substantial improvements in the properties of the soil after lime treatment. Addition of lime significantly reduces the plasticity index and swelling potential of the soil. Similarly, despite the reduction of optimum proctor dry density due to lime treatment, the unconfined compressive strength and the California bearing ratio show considerable improvements. Based on the current study, expansive soils of the studied area can be effectively stabilised for road subgrade works with the addition of 7% quick lime by dry weight of the soil. For very problematic soil, as the one investigated here, the drastic reduction of swelling potential is of particular interest for a possible application of road subgrade.