Objective To calculate the service efficiency of injection room in outpatient department of pediatrics by queuing theory and method. Methods The quantity of children patients and service time of care workers of morning and afternoon from Monday to Sunday of pediatric outpatient injection room was recorded.The queuing network model was established.The Queuing Toolpark 4.0 software was used to analyze the workflow and service efficiency, so as to optimize human resource allocation scheme. Results The number of children patients of the outpatient department of pediatrics reached the Poisson distribution, the injection service time was subject to the negative exponential distribution, and the queuing theory model was applied to the working process of the injection room in the outpatient department of pediatrics.Through the analysis of the working process and the service efficiency of the injection room of the outpatient department of Pediatrics, 3 nurses should be allocated in the morning and afternoon from Monday to Sunday. Conclusions The process efficiency of pediatric outpatient injection room is analyzed and the reasonableness of the allocation of the pediatric nurses in outpatient injection room is judged by the method of queuing theory, so as to provide references for putting forward the re-making of process and the optimization of resources. Key words: Queuing theory; Outpatient department of pediatrics; Personnel allocation