Questionnaire Replies Research Articles

Older Adult EFL Learners’ Readiness for Autonomous Language Learning

Learner-centred education has emphasized the significance of learner autonomy in language learning over the past forty years. Currently, the literature on the topic implies that cultural and educational environments affect autonomous learning perception and practice, therefore students’ readiness must be examined before creating autonomous learning activities. Given the scarcity of studies, the purpose of this research is to shed light on the issue of whether older adult learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) are ready for learner autonomy. To achieve this goal, the present study collected responses from sixty-five EFL learners, aged between sixty and eighty-six. The data were obtained through a questionnaire consisting of five sections: background information, views on teacher and student responsibilities, decision-making skills, motivation, and autonomous activities both within and outside the classroom. Furthermore, eight voluntary EFL learners participated in the follow-up interviews. The analysis involved utilizing descriptive statistics from the questionnaire replies, as well as interpreting the interview data. The findings revealed that Turkish older adult EFL learners exhibited a limited degree of readiness for autonomous language learn- ing, despite their notable levels of enthusiasm and eagerness to improve their English proficiency.

How does Service Characteristics and Corporate Social Responsibility Matters in Customer Retention and Bank Reputation: An Evidence from the Banks of Pakistan

Previously very few studies examining the connection among service quality dimensions and performance of the company in the service industry especially in Pakistan. In Pakistan's banking business, the link between consumer expectations and perceptions of service quality features, as well as assessing their impact on customer retention and bank reputation, is still unclear. The major goal of this investigation is to determine the connection and causal influence of service quality characteristics on customer retention and bank reputation through the mediating effect of customer trust and relationship quality. In order to conduct this research a sample size of 350 will be used to fulfill the requirement of the research. Out of 350 questionnaire researcher received 338 responses the researcher neglect 23 responses because he found extreme abnormal rate of response and researcher found 315 acceptable responses. After data collection, the researcher uploaded data from questionnaire replies to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24 software for reliability analysis, frequency tables, descriptive statistics (Mean, Median, Mode, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Range) and correlation. After that researcher check the validity and hypotheses testing by using Analysis of moment structure (AMOS) 23. The current study to explain that there is favorable connection among service quality dimensions and CSR on customer retention and bank reputation. However, the study examines that customer trust and relationship quality had a positive mediating role between service quality dimensions and CSR on customer retention and bank reputation.

Smoking habits and osteoporosis in community-dwelling men subjected to dual-X-ray absorptiometry: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundActive and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) are a global cause of death. Osteoporosis (Op) is the most common metabolic bone disorder worldwide, impacting on mortality and disability, with high health and welfare costs. Active smoking is a known risk factor for Op, but there is few information regarding Op and ETS in men.PurposeThe study aim is to evaluate the association between smoking habits and Op in community-dwelling men that have been subjected to Dual-X-ray Absorptiometry and completed a questionnaire about their own and cohabiter’s smoking habits.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study based on administrative data. This study is part of the SIMON protocol. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the role of ETS on the risk of Op, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and eGFR.ResultsFour hundred sixteen men were selected and, based on questionnaire replies, 167 were classified as current smokers (CS), 93 as passive smokers (PS) and 156 as never smokers (NS). NS showed a lower prevalence of past fragility fracture, radiological features of osteoporosis and hypovitaminosis D compared to PS and CS (p < 0.05). NS showed a lower prevalence of Op compared to PS and CS, also after correction for age, BMI, T2DM and eGFR (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe study results demonstrate that PS and CS have a higher risk of Op, fragility fractures and vitamin D deficiency compared to NS.

Exploring the Impact of Anosmia on Daily Living: An Examination of Residents in Benghazi, Libya

Exploring the Impact of Anosmia on Daily Living: An Examination of Residents in Benghazi, Libya

Dermatologists' Perceptions and Factors Influencing the Selection of Topical Anti-Inflammatory Agents for Atopic Dermatitis in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Topical corticosteroids (TCS), topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI), and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE-4) inhibitors are three common topical anti-inflammatory agents for treating atopic dermatitis (AD). The purpose of our study was to understand Chinese dermatologists' perceptions and the factors influencing their choices of the three agents. An online questionnaire survey was conducted between 25 July 2022 and 25 August 2022 among Chinese dermatologists. The survey with six multiple-choice questions focused on what were their most commonly prescribed agents for treating AD, and what factors influenced their choices of the three agents. The results were assessed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. A total of 1, 156 valid questionnaire replies were received. For treating AD, 79.84% of Chinese dermatologists chose TCS, 81.40% chose TCI, and 18.25% chose PDE-4 inhibitors. When TCS was not chosen, the three principal reasons included local adverse effects (85.56%), suspicious infection on lesioned area (71.54%), and patient steroid phobia (61.59%). Coincidentally, when the TCI and PDE-4 inhibitors were chosen, the main reason was patient steroid phobia (76.21% and 74.74% respectively) against TCS. When PDE-4 inhibitors were not chosen, the major reasons were their intolerable adverse effects (80.36%) and their slower onset and weak efficacy (57.61%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that more senior dermatologists were less likely to choose TCS for the reason of local adverse effects and patient steroid phobia (each P < 0.05), they were more likely to choose TCI for the same reason of patient steroid phobia against TCS (P < 0.05). Local adverse effects and patient steroid phobia were the reasons that limited Chinese dermatologists from choosing TCS for treating AD. Instead, more of them choose to use TCI. PDE-4 inhibitors were sometimes considered as an alternative to TCS or TCI, but its local adverse effects and limited efficacy affected the choice of this agent.

Pemanfaatan Media Flashcard Melalui Belajar Kelompok pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Syariah

A study conducted on SMK Bayt Al- Hikmah Pasuruan's 10th grade students found that the majority of the teaching strategies employed in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) classes were lecture-based, which resulted in a lack of variety in the approaches used. This resulted from the PAI teachers' lack of experience with teaching techniques and their foreign graduation backgrounds.Furthermore, education specialist Mr. Munif Chatib's "Sekolahnya Manusia" (School of Humanity) methodology was implemented in SMK Bayt Al-Hikmah. This method divides intelligence in pupils into eight categories. Many SMK Bayt Al-Hikmah 10th graders showed visual intelligence and preferred a hands on approach to learning, however the current teaching strategies did not suit their learning preferences. As a result, a sizable portion of pupils had scores lower than the passing mark (KKM) of 75. To tackle this problem, the researcher tried to make things better by employing flashcards as a teaching aid in PAI classes, with a particular emphasis on Islamic economics. The researcher and subject teachers collaborated as part of the Classroom Action Research approach used in this study. Six male and eight female students in the tenth grade at SMK Bayt Al-Hikmah Pasuruan participated in the study. Two rounds of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection comprised each cycle of the research. Utilizing tools including instructor activity sheets, student activity sheets, test sheets, and questionnaires, data collecting procedures included observations, tests, and questionnaires. Based on test results, questionnaire replies, and observations of both teachers and students, quantitative data analysis was carried out. From 77% in the first cycle to 87.5% in the second, there was an increase in teacher activity. Additionally, from 71.42% in the first cycle to 92.8% in the second, student activity rose. Additionally, pupils' conceptual knowledge increased, rising from 70% in the first cycle to 87% in the second. To sum up, the implementation of flashcards improved learning outcomes for SMK Bayt Al-Hikmah Pasuruan's 10th-grade students by enhancing teacher and student activities during the learning process.

Determinants of Consumer Buying Interest

The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of pricing, product quality, and innovation on consumer purchasing intention within the specific setting of the Syar'I Collection &amp; Parfum Business in Riau. The major data utilised in this study is derived from questionnaire replies. The data were acquired through documentation approaches employing structured questionnaires. This study centres on individuals who engage with Syar'I Collection and Perfume Enterprises. The researchers employed incidental sampling methods to choose participants. The research findings indicate a significant impact of pricing on customer purchasing behaviour within the Syar'I Collection and Perfume industry. This suggests that the implementation of price reductions by Syar'I Collection and Parfum Business companies is likely to enhance consumer inclination towards product purchases. Furthermore, this study elucidates a robust correlation between the quality of products and the level of consumer purchasing interest within the Syar'I Collection and Perfume industry. The findings indicate a positive relationship between the enhancement of product quality by Syar'I Collection and Parfum Business companies and the growing inclination of consumers to make investments in these products. This study provides empirical evidence that highlights the significant influence of product innovation on customer purchasing behaviour within the Syar'I Collection and Perfume Business industry. This statement elucidates that the heightened focus on inventive product offerings by Syar'I Collection and Parfum enterprises has resulted in a surge in consumer enthusiasm in procuring these products.

Influence of big data adoption on sustainable marketing and operation of SMEs: a hybrid approach of SEM-ANN

PurposeThis research aimed to analyze and prioritize the factors affecting sustainable marketing (SM) and sustainable operation (SO) of manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises SMEs through big data adoption (BDA).Design/methodology/approachThe technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework was used as a theoretical base and data were gathered from manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia. The 159 questionnaire replies of chief executive officer (CEO)/managers were analyzed using a hybrid approach of structural equation modeling-artificial neural network (SEM-ANN).FindingsThe findings of this study showed that perceived benefits (PB), technological complexity (TC), organization's resources (OR), organization's management support (OMS) and government legislation (GL) are the factors that influence BDA and promote SM and SO. The findings of ANN showed that a perceived benefit is the most important factor, followed by OMS.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can assist SMEs managers in making strategic decisions and improving sustainable performance and thus contribute to overall economic development.Originality/valueThe manufacturing industry is under immense pressure to integrate sustainable practices for long-term success. BDA can assist industries in aligning industries' operational capabilities. The majority of the current research have mainly emphasized on BDA in corporations. However, the associations between BDA and sustainable performance of manufacturing SMEs have been less explored. To address this issue, this study developed a theoretical model and examined the influence of BDA on SM and SO of manufacturing SMEs. Meanwhile, the hybrid methodological approach can help to uncover both linear and non-linear relationships better.

Teacher efforts towards the development of students’ mathematical reasoning skills

Research shows that improved mathematical reasoning results in improved conceptual understanding and the application of mathematical knowledge to a variety of real-world contexts. The assessment of teacher efforts to help students develop their mathematical reasoning, however, and the identification of classroom practices that encourage this growth have received less attention in previous studies. A descriptive survey was conducted with 62 mathematics teachers from six randomly chosen public secondary schools in one district. Lesson observations were carried out in six randomly selected grade 11 classrooms from all participating schools to supplement teachers' questionnaire replies. Results show that more than 53% of the teachers believed that they had been making enormous efforts towards the development of students' mathematical reasoning skills. Nonetheless, some teachers were not found to be as supportive of students' mathematical reasoning as they believed they were. Additionally, the teachers did not leverage all of the opportunities that arose during instruction to support students’ mathematical reasoning. These results show the need for greater professional development opportunities geared towards orienting both in-service and prospective teachers on useful teaching strategies for fostering students' mathematical reasoning.

Insights from a Survey into Chinese University Graduates’ Perceptions Toward University-Level English Courses

Needs analysis guides course and curriculum design. In addition to mandatory courses, it is necessary for intensive language schools and institutes. Recent university graduates in China are increasingly enrolling in language training at public and private language schools to hone their communication abilities. On the other hand, English courses as the workplace prerequisites for Chinese university graduates have been scientifically researched and found to be exceedingly rare. The research&amp;#39;s fundamental premise serves that there is a substantial link between the demands of Chinese recent graduates and university English course design. The aim of this research is to assess the goals, needs, and perceived utility of university English courses among recent on-the-job Chinese graduates over an eight-month period. After evaluating the questionnaire and interview replies, it was concluded that these Chinese young graduates in China had similar learning demands, with listening and speaking skills taking primacy. Additionally, various characteristics were discovered that show why an English course designed for future workplace purposes is advantageous to university students. The results are examined in terms of their pedagogical importance for curriculum creation and classroom practice in English courses at the university.&#x0D; &amp;nbsp;

Comparing effects of obesity treatment with very low energy diet and bariatric surgery after 2 years: a prospective cohort study

ObjectivesTo compare long-term effects and complications of medical treatment (MT) of obesity including very low energy diet with bariatric surgery.Design and settingThis prospective study conducted in a clinical setting recruited...

Operating Room Noise and Team Communication during Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Multicenter Study.

Operating room (OR) noise contributes to team miscommunication. In facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS), many cases are completed under sedation. This creates a unique environment wherein patients are aware of OR noise. The objectives of this study were to quantify noise and evaluate team members' perspectives on communication inside of FPRS ORs. This study was completed across three surgical institutions. Objective noise measurements were recorded with SoundMeter X. A communication questionnaire was delivered to OR team members following each case. Four hundred and twenty-three noise measurements were recorded during facelift/neck, eye/brow, rhinoplasty, and fat transfer/lip surgeries. The mean and maximum noise levels were 66.1 dB (dB) and 87.6 dB, respectively. Measurements during cases with general anesthetic (221/423, 52.2%) had higher noise measurements (70.3 dB) compared with those with sedation (202/423, 47.8%) (69.7 dB) (p = 0.04). The OR was louder with suction on (72.3 dB) versus off (69.3 dB) (p <0.00). Suction (34.5%) and music (22.4%) were the largest noise contributors according to questionnaire replies. Intraoperative noise, awake patients, and suctions/music may negatively impact FPRS OR communication. Innovation to improve FPRS intraoperative communication should be considered for effective patient care.

789 Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients: correlation with the level of physical activity and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Aims Patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rToF) tend to have a decent life free of limitations. In asymptomatic individuals, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to determine if pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) is necessary. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) could aid in determining the extent of functional impairment. Methods and results rToF patients who had an MRI and CPET between 2019 and 2021 in a brief interval (&amp;lt;1 year) were included in the study. Data were gathered on demographics, CPET parameters, MRI, type of surgery, clinical functional class, QRS duration, arrhythmic events, and level of physical activity. A total of 83 participants were enrolled in this study. There was a slight decrease in exercise capacity (median peak VO2/kg 30; range 25–33 mlO2/kg/min). Peak VO2 (r = 0.28), peak VO2/kg (r = 0.40), VO2 at AT (r = 0.31), peak oxygen pulse (r = 0.26), and oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) (r = 0.35) values were found to have a positive association with right ventricular (RV) size. No significant correlation was observed between CPET parameters and PR, LVEF, and RVEF. A significant positive association was detected between right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVi) and exercise capacity, especially up to 160 ml/m2. The analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) replies revealed a statistically significant relationship between the level of physical activity and both peak HR and the indexes of ventilatory efficiency. Conclusion In rToF patients with moderate–severe PR, NYHA class I, preserved RVEF, a slight reduction in exercise tolerance was detected. OUES could also be valuable to this population. A positive association was found between RV dilation and exercise performance up to 160 ml/m2 of RVEDVi, suggesting that perhaps at this cut-off value of RVEDVi, PVR could start being considered.

Activité des psychologues libéraux : modalités d’exercice, orientations et outils psychothérapeutiques

IntroductionDespite their wide differences in practices, psychologists are among the qualified professionals able to provide psychotherapy in primary care. Along with psychiatrists, they are (after GPs) the professionals most consulted for psychological disorders, and their demographics mean they are readily accessible. They are the first actors that patients would choose to see for psychotherapy in France. Patients consider that psychologists have more time than their GP and are better trained to handle their psychological problems. While the French National Authority for Health has just issued inventory and recommendations to improve coordination between the various care providers in the management of adult patients with mental disorders, published data on the activity of psychologists in France remain scarce. ObjectiveTo describe the professional activity of private psychologists in the Midi-Pyrénées region of southwest France (demography, work-related information, professional environment, number of patients, fees, psychotherapeutic tools used and practice specificities, patients’ referrals and reasons for consultations, interactions with GPs). MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A self-administered questionnaire, based on relevant elements from a narrative review of the literature, was sent by post in February 2017 to all 1128 private psychologists of the Midi-Pyrénées region of southwest France. Questionnaire replies were collected by post between February and April, 2017, anonymously. A descriptive analysis was carried out. ResultsThe response rate was 38% (n=434 out of 1128). Among the 434 respondents, psychologists used on average between 3 and 4 psychotherapeutic tools, among which their main approach was: psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies for 42.2% of psychologists, cognitive-behavioural therapies (16.8%), humanist therapies (10.1%), integrative or holistic therapies (9.7%), EMDR (6.7%), systemic therapies (4.6%), hypnosis (2.3%), other (7.6%). Psychologists received an average of 17 patients per week and the average fee for a session was 44 (±8) euros; 67% (n=289) of the psychologists provided care for children, 71% (n=309) for adolescents, 38% (n=163) for couples, and 23% (n=99) for groups. The most frequent reasons for a consultation with a psychologist were depression, anxiety or stress disorders, and their social and professional impacts. 62% (n=267) of psychologists were in a group setting in at least one of their practice; 18% (n=80) worked in group practice with one or more physicians. Psychologists reported poor professional interactions/communication and exchange of information with GPs. Out of 10 new patients, 2 were referred by a GP, 2 by another health care professional, and 6 came of their own initiative. Our study sample was comparable to the reference population of psychologists of the same region regarding sex (P=0.61), age group (P=0.39) and type of activity (P=0.07). ConclusionA large sociodemographically representative sample of 434 psychologists is the main strength of this study; limitations are a possible selection bias and a probable influence on the responses of the university's regional anchoring of the psychoanalytical approach. We did not find any publication describing the modalities of the psychologists’ professional activities. Psychologists are a large and accessible resource of mental health professionals, despite the diversity of their training and practices; they could provide better access to and use of psychotherapy for the benefit of patients, and better collaborative practice in mental health care. This reflection and the framework of a collaboration to be defined are particularly justified in the context of current medical demographics, the appetite for pluriprofessional work, and the experiments and research work abroad that encourage these proposals.

SAÚDE BASEADA EM VALOR

Value-based healthcare (VBHC) é um modelo que busca recompensar prestadores e tecnologias capazes de entregar resultados que agreguem valor para o paciente, de forma a otimizar a sustentabilidade na saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as percepções de médicos, gestores e representantes da indústria farmacêutica acerca dos conceitos relacionados a VBHC. Foram entrevistados stakeholders de diversas áreas dos sistemas de saúde brasileiro entre dezembro de 2018 e março de 2019 acerca de suas percepções em diferentes domínios relacionados à estrutura organizacional, gestão e gestão baseada em valor. De 100 stakeholders contatados, 36 responderam aos questionários. Referente ao domínio organizacional, os itens com maior concordância foram o acompanhamento de protocolos clínicos e custos associados a eles (mediana 8,0) e modelos aplicados a novas práticas de remuneração por performance entre prestadores e operadora de plano de saúde (OPS) são de interesse da empresa (8,0). Relativo a quais itens são importantes para o processo de gestão da empresa, destacaram-se o impacto financeiro de novas incorporações, os comparadores clínicos, econômicos e financeiros entre as tecnologias de mesmo protocolo clínico, a melhoria da qualidade da atenção médica e o acompanhamento econômico de efeitos adversos, todos com mediana 10,0. Por fim, para o domínio de saúde baseada em valor, destacam-se o acompanhamento de desfechos clínicos dos pacientes, os dados de custo-efetividade, a satisfação do paciente, a melhoria qualidade da atenção médica e o acompanhamento clínico e econômico de efeitos adversos, todos com mediana 10,0. Enquanto alguns stakeholders estão atentos em oferecer mais qualidade e já estão atentos à geração de valor em saúde outros estão sensíveis principalmente à questão de redução de custos especialmente. Para esse último grupo, é fundamental compreender em detalhe sua realidade e explicitar como a saúde baseada em valor agrega a esse cenário condicionando aumento de gastos com maior entrega de saúde. Incluir e engajar todos os atores do sistema de saúde para promover uma visão conjunta de valor e eficiência é um fator condicionante ao sucesso da implantação de modelos de saúde baseada em valor.&#x0D;

O uso da ferramenta formulários do google para pesquisas com pessoas com deficiência visual

Este trabalho relata uma investigação que objetiva identificar e analisar a acessibilidade da ferramenta ‘Formulários do Google’ por leitores de tela, os quais são frequentemente utilizados por pessoas com deficiência visual. Esse conhecimento é importante, considerando que tal ferramenta é cada vez mais utilizada como instrumento para realização de pesquisas em Ensino de Ciências e em Educação, nas quais estão presentes essas pessoas. O estudo foi ancorado em uma abordagem qualitativa, a qual utilizou o questionário como técnica de pesquisa. As contribuições desses indivíduos ocorreram por meio das respostas ao questionário e por e-mails enviados por eles para os pesquisadores. Foi possível constatar que os leitores de tela Jaws, NVDA e VoiceOver são totalmente acessíveis e compatíveis com os Formulários do Google. Palavras-chave: Deficiência visual; Formulários do Google; Leitores de tela; Recurso de acessibilidade digital.

Student Characteristics Associated with Passing the Exam in Undergraduate Pharmacology Courses\u2014a Cross-sectional Study in Six University Degree Programs

Adequate knowledge in pharmacology is crucial in many professions but a non-negligible proportion of students fail the exams and knowledge of underlying factors is largely lacking. This study was performed to evaluate to what extent various factors are related to student performance in pharmacology-related courses in higher education, linking administrative data to attendance at non-mandatory teaching sessions and questionnaire replies. A total of 596 students (median age: 22 years; 70% female) were included from eight courses which are part of either the medical, pharmacy, dentistry, nursing, or biomedical analyst degree programs at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden. In all, 380 (64%) students passed the regular program- and course-specific exam. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a high participation rate in non-mandatory teaching sessions, as well as a perceived great interest in pharmacology, was associated with students’ passing of the exam; adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.30 (1.19 to 1.42; per 10 percentage unit increase in attendance) and 3.38 (1.86 to 6.12), respectively. Working for wages during the course weeks and pre-university grades used in the program application were significant factors in subgroups of students, negatively and positively associated with the exam results, respectively. Age, having Swedish as a second language, and time spent studying were only associated with the exam result in the univariate analyses. To conclude, both students and teachers can contribute significantly to successful education within pharmacology, students by participating in the teaching sessions and teachers by encouraging students to find the subject interesting.

The Current State of Blood Pressure Measurement in Medical Examination Institutions—A Study Based on Questionnaire Replies—

The Current State of Blood Pressure Measurement in Medical Examination Institutions—A Study Based on Questionnaire Replies—

Protagonismo e participação do estudante: desafios e possibilidades

No presente artigo, divulgamos o resultado de uma pesquisa que objetivou identificar e comparar as percepções que um grupo de professores em formação continuada e outro de estudantes têm acerca das dificuldades em se promover o protagonismo estudantil na escola. Como incentivo à reflexão, foi proposto que os sujeitos da pesquisa sugerissem caminhos que conduzissem processos de ensino e de aprendizagem ao desenvolvimento do protagonismo. As respostas obtidas foram analisadas a partir de Moraes e Galiazzi (2014). Os grupos investigados apontam que, tanto as dificuldades, quanto as soluções, recaem sobre a prática do professor, a atitude do aluno e a estrutura escolar. Os depoimentos nos permitiram reconhecer categorias que destacam o papel de um professor mediador, o qual possibilita a seus estudantes serem protagonistas de sua aprendizagem, por meio da escolha de estratégias específicas, contextualização de conteúdos e estabelecimento de vínculos com os mesmos. A análise das contribuições dos sujeitos da pesquisa nos encorajam a adotar uma prática reflexiva e que valorize o protagonismo intelectual do estudante.

Performance of International Tourists’ Perception and Behavior toward Road Safety in Phuket, Thailand

When traveling in a foreign country, road transport is most frequently and conveniently used particularly, but road conditions and manners are stunningly different among countries, which increases potential risks to meet accidents. If tourists feel such risks, it may be that they will not be repeaters and their impressions will also be shared with others, leading to a potential decrease of tourists. Phuket, Thailand, a worldly wellknown beach resort, faces problems in road conditions and manners, with a high rate of traffic accidents and casualties, and governmental actions have to be taken. This paper reports a questionnaire survey result about how international tourists feel and understand road conditions in Phuket during their stay, which is expected to offer good evidence on which governmental actions should be based. The survey results revealed (mostly through the behaviors and recommendations) that the majority of international tourists to Phuket felt risks in terms of road conditions, regardless of whether they drove by themselves or not, and most of them wanted the basic information on road conditions as well as regulations, so that they could prepare themselves. Relations between demographic characteristics and questionnaire replies were also investigated, suggesting that there be a necessity of reducing risks particularly for elderly tourists, and that the driving manner of local residents including professional drivers should be improved.