Mean Questionnaire Score Research Articles

Nipple-Sparing Skin-Reducing Mastectomy for Women with Large and Ptotic Breasts: a 6-Year, Single-Centre Experience with the Bipedicled Dermal Flap Approach

We are reporting outcomes of our 6-year experience with a modification of McKissock’s bipedicled mastopexy reduction approach to perform nipple-sparing skin-reducing mastectomy (NSSRM) and immediate implant-based reconstruction in patients with large, ptotic breasts. Personal design and surgical approach of two senior surgeons (RB and IFR) are reported. Patient inclusion criteria are as follows: tumour situated > 1 cm from the nipple, sternal notch to nipple distance 26–33 cm, grade 3 ptosis, patient choice. Between 2010 and 2016, a total of 30 double-pedicle NSSRM and immediate implant-based reconstructions were performed in 20 patients with grade 3 ptosis. Fifteen had cancer and 5 risk reduction. Median follow-up was 3.5 years. There was a single case of full thickness nipple necrosis. Three had superficial nipple necrosis/epidermolysis. Two required nipple excision due to histology. Four had unplanned implant removal, 3/4 loss occurred post-radiotherapy. There were no cases of local recurrence. BREAST-Q questionnaire mean score for ‘satisfaction with breasts’ was 69 (± 20). This technique allows performing single-stage implant-based immediate reconstruction in women that traditionally were not considered suitable for such operation. Results have acceptable clinical outcomes with low rate of nipple necrosis and excellent patient-reported outcomes.

Impact of a Residential Summer Camp Experience on Children With Sickle Cell Disease.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) has a significant psychosocial impact on affected children. Summer camp has been shown to improve psychological and physical states for children with diabetes and cancer. However, opportunities to attend camp for children with SCD are limited, as many are from low-income families, and many camps are not equipped to care for children with medical complexities. To our knowledge, no literature evaluates how camp can positively affect emotional functioning, social functioning, self-esteem, and physical activity levels in children with SCD.Methods: Children with SCD attending a residential summer camp during 2019 were identified. Participants completed a modified version of the Pediatric Camp Outcome Measure, a validated 29-item questionnaire that evaluates self-esteem, emotional function, social function, and physical activity. Four additional questions related to SCD were included.Results: Nine campers enrolled in the study. Questionnaire results showed a total score of 113.7 (maximum score135, range 84-129), with a self-esteem subscale score of 22.1 (maximum score 25, range 20-25), an emotional subscale score of 32.1 (maximum score 40, range 25-39), a social subscale score of 38.9 (maximum score 45, range 24-45), and a physical activity subscale score of 20.6 (maximum score 25, range 19-25). All campers indicated that they would return to camp.Conclusion: Attending summer camp has a beneficial impact on emotional function, social function, self-esteem, and physical activity. Mean questionnaire scores from children with cardiac disease and cancer are similar to those of children with SCD. Increased funding should be awarded to sickle cell camps to allow for more children to have this beneficial experience.

Immediate-implant-based-breast-reconstruction with two-stage expander-implant reconstruction versus one-stage-reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix: analysis of patients' satisfaction.

Background.The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the patient-reported outcome after immediate ADM-assisted implant- based breast reconstruction.Material and Methods:Patients underwent breast reconstruction from 2015 to 2019 have been retrospectively divided into group A (partial subpectoral implant and ADM and group B (expander/implant). For each patient we evaluated retrospectively postoperative complications and patients’ satisfaction.Results:26 patients from the case group and 40 from the control group completed the BREAST-Q. The incidence of complications in the cases was 18.4%, while in the control group was 20.4%. We found no statistical difference in most of the domains and in the mean score of the questionnaire (mean score cases=69.0±14.4 vs controls=68.4±15.7; p=0.888). A significant difference results only in the domains Q2a and Q2b, sensation of rippling.Conclusions:The use of ADM in one-stage reconstruction allows to perform breast reconstruction in only one surgery, with similar complication rates and patient satisfaction. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Effectiveness of a planned teaching program regarding modified bass brushing technique on knowledge among school children at selected school of rural area of Lucknow district

Background: Pre-schooler are very much prone to infectious diseases due to low immunity among those diseases the commonest is dental carries which occurs due to improper brushing technique. The study was conducted with the objective to assess knowledge and effectiveness of planned teaching program regarding modified bass brushing technique among school children at selected rural area.Methods: Research design and setting experimental pre-test-post-test control group design used and setting was selected rural area, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Sample and sampling technique total 66 sample and villages for experimental and control group were selected through simple random technique. Tools were used as self-structured knowledge questionnaire and checklist.Results: Revealed that in experimental group post-test mean and SD score (7.55±1.09) was significantly higher than pre-test score (5.06±1.03) and in checklist the post-test mean and SD score (7.64±1.32) was significantly higher than the mean and SD pre-test score was 5.27±0.45. The researcher compared the calculated t-value (11.04) with the tabulated value (1.986) for the questionnaire and the checklist t-value 3.14. In control group the knowledge questionnaire post-test mean and SD score was (5.27±0.45) and pre-test mean and SD score was (4.24±1.03) with the t-value of 0.04. Whereas checklist post-test mean and SD score (5.21±0.48) and pre-test mean and SD score (5.27±0.05) with the t- value 0.32. Conclusions: Thus the planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding modified bass brushing technique was effective.

Effect of Originator Infliximab Treatment on Disease-Related Hospitalizations, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment, and Health Resource Utilization in Patients with Crohn’s Disease in a Real-Life Setting: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study in Germany

Introduction: Infliximab (IFX) therapy is efficacious for inducing and maintaining symptomatic remission in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), but whether this benefit results in reduced hospitalization rates and therefore may improve patients’ quality of life in an economically sensible way is conflicting so far. Methods: We conducted a noninterventional, multicenter, open-label, prospective study to evaluate the effect of originator IFX treatment on patient-reported outcomes and disease-related hospitalizations in adult CD patients in Germany treated for the first time with IFX according to label. Results: Two hundred and ninety-four patients were included in the study. We observed a statistically significant reduction in the number of CD-related hospitalizations from the year before baseline (mean 1.00 per patient, SD ± 0.93) to the mean value of the 1st (0.62, SD ± 0.95) and 2nd year (0.32, SD ± 0.75) of the observation period (p < 0.0001). After 3 months of IFX therapy, work productivity and activity increased by an average of 12.6 and 17.1%, respectively. Patient’s clinical outcome was markedly improved as the total CD activity index (CDAI) sum score continuously decreased from baseline to month 24 and the mean score of the total inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ) changed substantially from 141 at baseline to 172 after 24 months of IFX treatment. Additionally, the number of work incapacity days declined. Recently, no new safety issues of IFX have been identified. Conclusion: In this large, prospective, multicenter study on disease-related hospitalization rates, work productivity, capacity for daily activities, and HRQoL in patients with CD, IFX significantly reduces their hospitalization rates and improves work productivity, daily activity, and quality of life over 24 months.

Significance of stress assessment: cross sectional study of 1000 pregnant women from India

Maternal stress has been believed to have effect on the developing embryo and foetus in womb. Measuring and addressing stress is not yet part of structured antenatal protocols for pregnant women. The current study focuses on the association of perceived stress among pregnant women on maternal and foetal outcome.This was an observational cross-sectional study on 1000 pregnant women done during the period Nov 2010 to Nov 2012 at Fernandez Hospital, Hyderabad, India. Associations between maternal stress by PSS score and mode of delivery, duration of labour, and foetal outcomes were assessed. Statistical tools like K-Smirnov test, Fishers exact and Kruksal Wallis test were used wherever appropriate. Participant mothers ranged in age from 18 to 42 years. 41.4% were postgraduate. 6.6%, 86.6%, 6.8% had preterm, term and post term deliveries respectively. 799, 102, 95 were average for gestational age babies, large for gestational age babies and small for gestational age babies respectively. PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) questionnaire mean score was 30.73 with standard deviation of 2.44. There was no statistical difference with different modes of deliveries and various neonatal outcomes with third trimester PPS stress score in this study. Adequate counselling is essential to reduces the maternal stress at various stages of pregnancy and delivery. Assessment of stress should be an integral part of antenatal care.

The effects of the training program to improve healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors of school children on weight management

Purpose: To investigate the effects of the training program to improve healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors of primary school children on weight management. Materials and methods: This study was a quasi-experimental follow up study with pretest and posttest design and included the 5th, 6th and 7th primary school graders (n=122) in İzmir metropolitan city. Experimental group covered 66 and the control group covered 56 students. We identified students’ dietary habits and physical activity behaviors and the influencing factors and prepared and implemented a training program related to their learning needs. Students’ behaviors were monitored for six months and impact of the program was evaluated. Results: Risky eating behaviours in the experimental group decreased but contrary it increased in the control group statistically (p &lt;.05). In the intervention group, mean scores of Physical Activity Questionnaire increased significantly (p &lt;.05). There was no change in the self-efficacy level of the control group students while an increase in the intervention group was detected. Although no statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups in the pretest in terms of weight management, but in the post test it increased in the experimental group (p&lt;.05) The obtained value of OR was 2.99. Conclusions: The training program was effective and made changes in healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors and so in weight management in the experimental group compared to control group.

Parents' Perception of the Complementary Baby-Led Weaning Feeding Method: A Validation Study.

This study aims to construct and validate a questionnaire that allows Parents’ Perceptions of the complementary Baby-Led Weaning feeding method (PaPerc-BLW questionnaire) to be evaluated. An instrumental design was used. Five child nutrition experts took part in the development and content validity. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 216 Spanish parents of infants aged 0–6 months to determine psychometric properties (construct validity and internal consistency). The factor analysis explained 65.12% of variance with three factors (Promoting infant autonomy and development; Infant’s health; Parents’ fear to apply BLW), and internal consistency was α = 0.67. The mean score of the PaPerc-BLW questionnaire for the total sample was 4.14 (DS = 0.64, 95% CI = 4.06–4.23). Significant differences were found in the parents’ perception of baby-led weaning feeding method based on variables as previous children (p ≤ 0.001). Otherwise, the sample included in the study could bias the results, since 98.6% indicated that they were familiar with the BLW method and 62% had previous experience Despite this limitation, the PaPerc-BLW questionnaire offers adequate validity for evaluating parents’ perception of the baby-led weaning method.

The Knowledge of Sleep Medicine among Dental Interns in Northern Jordan.

Objectives The diagnosis and treatment of patients with sleep disorders are the most challenging issues in dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge among dental interns in Northern Jordan about sleep medicine and sleep disorders. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was performed using the Assessment of Sleep Knowledge in Medical Education (ASKME) questionnaire. The questionnaire was given to 88 dental interns (52 females and 36 males) in Northern Jordan. Chi-squared test was utilized for data analysis. Results The mean score of the ASKME questionnaire was 12 out of 30 (40%). The majority of dental interns (88.6%) correctly answered ≤ 50% of the questions. No association was found between gender and score results. Conclusions Dental interns in Northern Jordan have a low level of knowledge about sleep medicine and sleep disorders. Dental faculties should provide courses related to sleep medicine throughout undergraduate education.

Effects of saffron supplementation on oxidative/antioxidant status and severity of disease in ulcerative colitis patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Supplementation with saffron helps improve antioxidant status. Oxidative stress plays an important role in ulcerative colitis (UC). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of saffron supplementation on disease severity and Oxidative/Antioxidant factors in patients with UC. This randomized double-blinded study was conducted on 80 mild to moderate UC patients. Participants were randomly divided into intervention (100 mg saffron/daily) and placebo (100 mg maltodextrin/daily) groups. Of all the participants, 75 completed the study. After 8 weeks, there were significantly increased in the mean score of simple clinical colitis activity index questionnaire (3.83 ± 1.78 to 3 ± 1.60, p = .004), the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (2.68 ± 0.90 to 2.79 ± 0.87, p = .016), superoxide dismutase (60.69 ± 9.59 to 66.30 ± 10.79, p = .009) and glutathione peroxidase (22.05 ± 14.27 to 29.67 ± 17.97, p = .011) in patients received saffron compared to the placebo group. Whereas, there was no significant difference in serum levels of malondialdehyde between the two groups. Finally, dietary saffron as an alternative therapy may effective in improving antioxidant factors and reducing the severity of disease in UC patients.

Pengaruh Pendekatan Open-Ended Problem terhadap Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa

This study aims to determine the effect of the Open-ended problem learning approach on students' critical mathematical thinking on the matter of quadratic equations and functions in class IX SMP Santo Xaverius 2 Kabanjahe. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research with the research population that is all students of class IX SMP Santo Xaverius 2 Kabanjahe. With the purposive random sampling technique, the research sample for class IX-A consisted of 35 students, but due to the pandemic, only 10 students were included. The instrument used was a post-test question in the form of an essay question that had been tested for instrument validation and a student response questionnaire regarding the application of the Open-ended problem learning approach. After conducting the research, the post-test average was 74.86 with a standard deviation of 21 , 34 and the mean score of the student response questionnaire was 74.4 with a standard deviation of 5.14. The results of the normality test indicate that X and Y are normally distributed. Furthermore, the regression and correlation tests were carried out with α = 0.05. From this test, it was concluded that there was a significant effect of the Open-ended Problem learning approach on students' mathematical critical thinking on the material of equations and quadratic functions for class IX SMP Santo Xaverius 2 Kabanjahe. After learning in the classroom, a questionnaire was given to students' responses regarding the Open-end problem approach and the final score was obtained with a good assessment category.

Associations Between Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Deployed Service Members of the German Armed Forces.

BackgroundExperiencing a traumatic event can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but not every traumatized person develops PTSD. Several protective and risk factors have been identified in civilians and veterans to explain why some individuals develop PTSD and others do not. However, no research has confirmed the relationship between emotion regulation and PTSD in deployed German Armed Forces service members after a foreign assignment. Previous studies have identified some protective factors, such as social support, social acknowledgment, specific personal values, and posttraumatic growth, as well as risk factors, like moral injury and emotion regulation. Thus, the aim of the present study is to confirm the relationship between emotion regulation and PTSD and to test for factors that are associated with higher severity of PTSD symptoms in such a sample.MethodsA post-hoc secondary analysis was conducted on data collected in a randomized controlled trial. Participants (N = 72) were male active and former military service members that have returned from deployment and were recruited from the German Armed Forces. These participants were separated into two groups according to PTSD diagnosis based on the results of a structured diagnostic interview. Data from evaluation questionnaires administered upon entry into the study were subjected to a cross-sectional analysis. The measures included the severity of PTSD symptoms, clusters of PTSD symptoms, clinical measures, and several measures assessing PTSD-related constructs. Analyses included the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, X2 tests for nominal data, Mann-Whitney U-tests for non-parametric data, and a mediation analysis.ResultsThe results of the mediation analysis revealed that difficulties in emotion regulation were significantly associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms, which was mediated by social acknowledgment and experimental avoidance but not by moral injury. The analyses showed that the severity of PTSD symptoms and all clusters of PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with most of the measured constructs in expectable directions. Participants in the PTSD group showed significantly higher mean scores on questionnaires measuring constructs that have been associated with PTSD, like emotion regulation and moral injury. They also showed lower mean scores in questionnaires for social support and social acknowledgment as a victim or survivor than participants in the non-PTSD group.ConclusionThe present results show that difficulties in emotion regulation are directly associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms in service members of the German Armed Forces. This association is mediated by social acknowledgment and experimental avoidance, but not by moral injury. Thus, future studies should investigate these potentially crucial factors for better understanding of the development and maintenance of PTSD in service members of the German Armed Forces after deployment to create possible treatment adaptions.Clinical Trial RegistrationAustralian Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ACTRN 12616000956404 http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370924.

Evaluation of attitudes toward cancer and related factors in adults

Abstract Background Evaluation of individuals' attitudes towards cancer could be instructive in improving the health promoting behaviour of populations such as cancer screening and increasing awareness of cancer. The aim of the study was evaluate attitudes toward cancer and related factors in adults who applied to primary healthcare center. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 776 people aged 18 and over who applied to primary healthcare center in 2018. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, Questionnaire for Measuring Attitudes Toward Cancer and Health Literacy Scale-European Union-Q16 (HLS-EU-Q16). Questionnaire for Measuring Attitudes Toward Cancer consists of 3 sub-dimensions and the mean score of 2.5 and above was accepted as a negative attitude. Evaluation of the data Chi-square test, multiple logistic regression and Spearman correlation analysis were used. Results The ages of study group ranged 18-87 and the mean was 42.0±15.4, and 52.3% were female. The frequency of negative attitudes in the study group was 14.4% for general attitudes toward cancer, 22.9% for cancer diagnosis detection/spreading sub-dimension, 24.5% impossibility of recovery/stigmatization sub-dimension, 13.4% for discrimination sub-dimension. The multiple logistic regression showed, having primary and below education levels (OR: 1.88; CI: 1.22-2.87) and having cancer diagnosis (OR: 1.88; CI: 1.10-3.19) were found as risk factors for negative attitudes toward cancer. A weak negative correlation was found between the mean scores of Questionnaire for Measuring Attitudes Toward Cancer and the scores of HLS-EU-Q16 (r:-0.189; p &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions Although the majority of individuals have a positive attitude in the study, due to the negative attitude in sub-dimensions, it was concluded that health education should be given and more extensive research need to be done in this area in order to increase the awareness and sensitivity of the community about cancer. Key messages It might be considered important the education level in showing positive attitude towards cancer. Improving health literacy could be beneficial in increasing the positive attitude towards cancer.

Voice and Stroboscopic Characteristics in Transgender Patients Seeking Gender-Affirming Voice Care.

Understanding transgender voice is in nascent stages. This study describes voice characteristics in treatment-seeking trans women by comparing two validated questionnaires-Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) and Transsexual Voice Questionnaire (TVQMtF )-and reports incidence of abnormal stroboscopy findings and acoustic characteristics. Retrospective review of transgender patients presenting to tertiary-care laryngology center between February 2018-February 2019. Mean VHI-10, TVQ, and Singing VHI-10 (SVHI-10) scores; audio-perceptual grade; acoustic measures; and stroboscopy findings were analyzed. VHI-10 and SVHI-10 vs TVQMtF were compared. Sixty-one trans female patients (mean age: 32 ± 11 years) were analyzed. Mean duration since start of transition was 41.5 ± 61 months. Sixty-nine percent presented full-time female in all contexts. Pathologic stroboscopy findings were found in 5%. Mean questionnaire scores were 16 ± 10 (VHI-10), 19 ± 13 (SVHI-10), and 81 ± 22 (TVQMtF ). Correlation between VHI-10 and SVHI-10 versus TVQMtF was weak, R = 0.47 (P = .053) and R = 0.35 (P = .17), respectively. Mean audio-perceptual grade was 0.27 ± 0.15. Mean Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID, sustained vowel) was 8.5 ± 21.9. Mean Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) Fo and CPP Fo SD in rainbow passage were 157.3 ± 16 and 59.4 ± 15.9, respectively. Trans women report perceived voice handicap in speaking and singing, which appears separate from gender-related voice/communication concerns. This study is the first to report stroboscopy findings in transgender individuals, with 5% being abnormal. Stroboscopy is encouraged before initiating voice intervention in transgender patients. Preliminary evaluation suggests weak correlation between VHI-10 or SVHI-10 and TVQMtF but requires further investigation. TVQMtF may provide information which more specifically reflects voice concerns of trans women as compared to VHI-10 and SVHI-10. 4 Laryngoscope, 131:1071-1077, 2021.

COVID-19 pandemic, psychological response to quarantine, and knowledge of the disease among inmates in a Nigerian custodial center

This was a cross-sectional study to assess the psychological response to quarantine during COVID-19 pandemic and knowledge level about the disease among inmates of a Custodial Center in Enugu, Nigeria. A total of 66 new prison inmates were assessed for psychological distress using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10); and inmates’ knowledge about COVID-19 using a COVID-19 Knowledge Questionnaire developed by the researchers. Participants had a mean age of 28.39±8.71 years; 63 (95.5%) were male inmates and 3 (4.5%) were female inmates. Sixty-one (92.4%) were awaiting-trial inmates, 43 (65.1%) had psychological distress, and 35 (53%) had completed at least secondary school. COVID-19 questionnaire mean score was 3.82±3.33. Thirty-one (21.8%) had adequate knowledge of COVID-19 (7-10 score), while 35 (53%) and 10 (15.2%) had poor (0-3) and average (4-6) knowledge, respectively. Adequate COVID-19 knowledge level was significantly higher among those that completed at least secondary school (48.6%) than those who did not (12.9%). Though not statistically significant, adequate COVID-19 knowledge level was commoner among those without psychological distress (43.5%) than those with psychological distress (25.6%). Considering responses to specific questions contained in the questionnaire, knowledge about some questions was relatively high. For example, a majority of the participants 45 (68.2%) correctly responded that death can be a complication of COVID-19; whereas half of them 33 (50%) correctly responded that regular hand washing with soap and water can help prevent the spread of the disease. Nevertheless, responses to some questions showed poor knowledge about the disease as 18 (27.3%) correctly answered that COVID-19 can affect the lungs, while 20 (30.3%) correctly responded that COVID-19 is caused by a virus. Our study highlighted the need to have all quarantined persons educated about the disease for which they are being quarantined. It also provided the opportunity to raise awareness of COVD-19 among the inmates.

COVID-19 pandemic, psychological response to quarantine, and knowledge of the disease among inmates in a Nigerian custodial center

This was a cross-sectional study to assess the psychological response to quarantine during COVID-19 pandemic and knowledge level about the disease among inmates of a Custodial Center in Enugu, Nigeria. A total of 66 new prison inmates were assessed for psychological distress using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10); and inmates’ knowledge about COVID-19 using a COVID-19 Knowledge Questionnaire developed by the researchers. Participants had a mean age of 28.39±8.71 years; 63 (95.5%) were male inmates and 3 (4.5%) were female inmates. Sixty-one (92.4%) were awaiting-trial inmates, 43 (65.1%) had psychological distress, and 35 (53%) had completed at least secondary school. COVID-19 questionnaire mean score was 3.82±3.33. Thirty-one (21.8%) had adequate knowledge of COVID-19 (7-10 score), while 35 (53%) and 10 (15.2%) had poor (0-3) and average (4-6) knowledge, respectively. Adequate COVID-19 knowledge level was significantly higher among those that completed at least secondary school (48.6%) than those who did not (12.9%). Though not statistically significant, adequate COVID-19 knowledge level was commoner among those without psychological distress (43.5%) than those with psychological distress (25.6%). Considering responses to specific questions contained in the questionnaire, knowledge about some questions was relatively high. For example, a majority of the participants 45 (68.2%) correctly responded that death can be a complication of COVID-19; whereas half of them 33 (50%) correctly responded that regular hand washing with soap and water can help prevent the spread of the disease. Nevertheless, responses to some questions showed poor knowledge about the disease as 18 (27.3%) correctly answered that COVID-19 can affect the lungs, while 20 (30.3%) correctly responded that COVID-19 is caused by a virus. Our study highlighted the need to have all quarantined persons educated about the disease for which they are being quarantined. It also provided the opportunity to raise awareness of COVD-19 among the inmates.

Efficacy of lid wipes in reducing the incidence of post cataract surgery meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of commercially available sterile lid wipes in reducing the incidence of MGD and dry eye after cataract surgery. In this prospective clinical study 40 patients undergoing uneventful cataract surgery were included. They were divided randomly into 2 groups of 20 patients each. The control group was prescribed standard postoperative regimen consisting of topical steroid, antibiotic and NSAID. The study group was prescribed in addition to the above topical regimen, sterile lid wipes for cleaning of lid margin and lashes. The signs and symptoms of all patients were assessed and scoring was done based on severity grading of a structured symptom based Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire, corneal staining, meibum expressibility and meibum quality at preoperative and at postoperative 3 weeks and 6 weeks. The data obtained was analysed statistically. The SPEED questionnaire, corneal staining, meibum expressibility and meibum quality mean scores worsened statistically significantly in the control group as compared to the study group (p&amp;#60;0.001). In control group, the mean score of all the parameters were statistically significantly worsened at all follow up visits. (p&amp;#60;0.001).Maintaining lid hygiene with lid wipes in post cataract surgery period is effective in prevention of MGD and dry eye.

P095: Bridging knowledge gaps in anaphylaxis management through a video-based educational tool

Introduction: Cases of anaphylaxis in children are often not appropriately managed by caregivers. We aimed to develop and to test the effectiveness of an education tool to help pediatric patients and their families better understand anaphylaxis and its management and to improve current knowledge and treatment guidelines adherence. Methods: The GEAR (Guidelines and Educational programs based on an Anaphylaxis Registry) is an initiative that recruits children with food-induced anaphylaxis who have visited the ED at the Montreal Children's Hospital and at The Children's Clinic located in Montreal, Quebec. The patients and parents, together, were asked to complete six questions related to the triggers, recognition and management of anaphylaxis at the time of presentation to the allergy clinic. Participants were automatically shown a 5-minute animated video addressing the main knowledge gaps related to the causes and management of anaphylaxis. At the end of the video, participants were redirected to same 6 questions to respond again. To test long-term knowledge retention, the questionnaire will be presented again in one year's time. A paired t-test was used to compare the difference between the baseline score and the follow-up score based on percentage of correct answers of the questionnaire. Results: From June to November 2019, 95 pediatric patients with diagnosed food-induced anaphylaxis were recruited. The median patient age was 4.5 years (Interquartile Range (IQR): 1.6–7.4) and half were male (51.6%). The mean questionnaire baseline score was 0.77 (77.0%, standard deviation (sd): 0.16) and the mean questionnaire follow-up score was 0.83 (83.0%, sd: 0.17). There was a significant difference between the follow-up score and baseline score (difference: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.09). There were no associations of baseline questionnaire scores and change in scores with age and sex. Conclusion: Our video teaching method was successful in educating patients and their families to better understand anaphylaxis. The next step is to acquire long-term follow up scored to determine retention of knowledge.

Evaluation of ocular symptoms and tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in patients confirmed with COVID-19.

PurposeThe SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA has been detected in tears and conjunctival samples from infected individuals. Conjunctivitis is also reported in a small number of cases. We evaluated ocular symptoms and ocular tropism of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a group of patients with COVID‐19.MethodFifty‐six patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 were recruited as subjects. Relevant medical histories were obtained from the electronic medical record system. Ocular history and ocular symptoms data were obtained by communicating directly with the subjects. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Salisbury Eye Evaluation Questionnaire (SEEQ) were used to assess the anterior ocular surface condition before and after the onset of disease.ResultsPatients classified as severe COVID‐19 cases were more likely to have hypertension compared to mild cases (p = 0.035). Of the 56 subjects, thirteen patients (23%) were infected in Wuhan, 32 patients (57%) were community‐infected, 10 patients (18%) were unknown origin, 1 (2%) was a physician likely infected by a confirmed patient. Three patients wore face mask with precaution when contacting the confirmed patients. Fifteen (27%) had aggravated ocular symptoms, of which 6 (11%) had prodromal ocular symptoms before disease onset. The differences in mean scores of OSDI questionnaire and SEEQ between before and after onset of COVID‐19 were all significant (p < 0.05 for both).ConclusionsOcular symptoms are relatively common in COVID‐19 disease and may appear just before the onset of respiratory symptoms. Our data provided the anecdotal evidences of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 via ocular surface.

CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ READING HABIT AND THEIR READING COMPREHENSION

The aim of this study was to observe on the correlation between students’ reading habit and their reading comprehension of eleventh grade at SMA Negeri 1 Madang Suku 3 OKU Timur. In this quantitative study with correlational study, the writer used questionnaire and test to collect the data. The questionnaire measured students’ reading habit and test measured students’ reading comprehension. Populationof this study was all the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Madang Suku 3 OKU Timur in academic year 2018/2019 were 124 student and took sample by using purposive sampling were 64 students. Based on the finding, the mean score of questionnaire was 60,89 and mean score of students’ reading comprehension was 56,94 which was in moderated category. The writer found that there was significantly correlation between students’reading habit and their reading comprehension the correlation coofficient was 0,555. It meant that alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and null hypothesis was rejected in other word there was any significant correlation between students’ reading habit and their reading comprehendion in medium correlation. As the conclusion,reading habit was not only aspect that influenced strudent reading comprehension that many factor also influenced the reading comprehension: internal factor (intellectual, language skills, psychological, environment, experience) and external factor (facilities, time to learning).To have good reading comprehension the student should know aspects reading comprehension were ability of association, conception ability, perception ability, syntactic ability - semantic ability and cognitive understanding.