Repetitive Questioning Research Articles

ASPEK PERSUASIF DALAM BAHASA IKLAN PARTAI POLITIK

This study aims to describe persuasive aspects in the language of political party advertisements. This was a qualitative study using a semiotic analysis of television advertisements of political parties in the 2009 general election. The data were collecting through careful reading and taking notes. The data were analyzed by means of the inductive comparative technique, categorization, data display, and inference making. The findings are as follows. The persuasive aspects in the language of advertisements of political parties in the 2009 general election consist of two forms, i.e.: (a) presentation of message contents: informational, emotional, and motivational persuasions; and (b) presentation of message styles: hyperbole, imperative, metaphor-simile, acronymy, synecdoche, repetition, irony, and rhetorical question.

Desejo e Repetição

Desire and repetition are two concepts from Psychoanalysis which allude to the subject’s own experience and come from his/her structure as much as this structure unfolds itself in the experience of transference. The work sets to develop the articulation of both concepts in three lines: 1) How has the question of repetition presented itself in the clinic of desire both for Freud and Lacan?; 2) How has Lacan returned to the topologic articulation of both (…): desire as an effect of repetition and repetition as an effect of the saying, that is, repetition of the unary trait as an effect of the One-Saying and cause of the meaning of desire; One of meaning; 3) Finally, we invited in the Encore Marguerite Duras dance, which for the affection of “practice of the letter” (LACAN, 1965, p.200) has triggered my interest in the enoding of happening, repetition, and desire.

Reversible functional connectivity disturbances during transient global amnesia

Transient global amnesia (TGA), an abrupt occurrence of severe anterograde episodic amnesia accompanied by repetitive questioning, has been known for more than 50 years. Despite extensive research, there is no clear evidence for the underlying pathophysiological basis of TGA. Moreover, there is no neuroimaging method to evaluate TGA in real time. Here we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging recorded in 12 patients during the acute phase of TGA together with connectivity and cluster analyses to detect changes in the episodic memory network in TGA. Our results show a significant reduction in functional connectivity of the episodic memory network during TGA, which is more pronounced in the hyperacute phase than in the postacute phase. This disturbance is bilateral, and reversible after recovery. Although the hippocampus and its connections are significantly impaired, other parts of the episodic memory network are also impaired. Similar results were obtained for the analysis of the episodic memory network whether it was defined in a data-driven or literature-based manner. These results suggest that TGA is related to a functional disturbance in the episodic memory network, and supply a neuroimaging correlate of TGA during the acute phase.

O processo de avaliacao da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Crianca sob o olhar dos avaliadores

OBJETIVOS: identificar a opinião dos avaliadores do Brasil que atuam na Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança (IHAC) quanto à confiabilidade das informações coletadas pelo sistema de avaliação. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, baseado em dados primários através de questionários semiestruturados enviados por meio eletrônico. Critério de inclusão: avaliadores com experiência de participação em pelo menos uma avaliação global e/ou uma reavaliação no período de 2006 a 2011. Foram respondidos 35 questionários, os dados foram analisados no software Epi Info Windows 2.000 versão 3.5.1. RESULTADOS: 77% dos avaliadores responderam que os resultados do processo avaliativo da IHAC correspondiam parcialmente à realidade dos hospitais avaliados. Perguntas extensas, pouco claras, repetidas, com linguagem formal, o conhecimento técnico sobre certos procedimentos para profissionais que não os praticam e a definição temporal do contato precoce no parto foram os pontos fracos apontados do instrumento. CONCLUSÕES: o resultado do processo avaliativo da IHAC é parcialmente confiável e não reflete a realidade dos hospitais avaliados. Seria necessário promover adequações no instrumento de coleta de dados de modo a torná-lo mais claro e conciso, organizar um quadro de avaliadores melhor preparados, com recrutamento mais focado no perfil desejado e o fortalecimento do processo de qualificação dos mesmos.

A comparative analysis of intonation between Spanish and English speakers in tag questions, wh-questions, inverted questions, and repetition questions

The aim of this study was to determine the differences and similarities in intonation when producing tag questions, wh-questions, inverted questions, and repetition questions among native English speakers and ESL Spanish speakers. These differences were measured and analyzed with a computer program called Praat, and the pitch, the intensity and the intonation contour were the focus of the study. The results have shown significant differences, as well as similarities between these two languages in some questions. The implication of this study is that the obtained data can help teachers and students to identify the problems that ESL Spanish speakers can have when learning English as a L2, especially with regards to intonation.

Lost memories can break your heart: a case report of transient global amnesia followed by takotsubo cardiomyopathy

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC), also called apical ballooning syndrome, is characterized by an acute, transient systolic dysfunction of the apical and mid segments of the left ventricle. Recently, there have been reports showing an association with neurologic disorders including myasthenic crisis [1], Guillain–Barre–Strohl syndrome [2], seizures [3] and ischemic stroke [4]. In this article, we present the case of a woman, who suffered from a second episode of transient global amnesia (TGA) followed by TC. A 62-year-old woman presented to our emergency room with typical symptoms of TGA, thereby asking repetitive questions regarding the situation and events over the last hours. Symptom onset had occurred during the visit to a public swimming pool. Apart from isolated global amnesia, the neurologic examination was normal; a CT-scan of the brain was unremarkable. An EEG was done and ruled out an epileptic cause of the syndrome. Extracranial and transcranial vascular ultrasound did not reveal any pathologic findings. The patient had a past medical history of hypothyroidism with need for oral substitution and a previous episode of TGA 2 years before. Four hours after the patient was admitted to our intermediate care unit, she developed acute chest pain and dyspnoea. The troponin I level was elevated at 4.64 ng/ml. Acute coronary syndrome was suspected and an emergency coronary angiography was performed, which did not show relevant coronary artery disease. Ventriculography revealed severe hypokinesis of mid and apical segments of the left ventricle with the characteristic shape of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (Figs. 1, 2; supplemental ultrasound video Movie—TakoTsubo.mpg). The patient was stable during the further course and showed full recovery from all amnestic deficits within 18 h. On follow-up echocardiography, a complete normalization of cardiac function with normal left ventricular diameter, no wall motion abnormalities and a normal ejection fraction were found. The patient was then discharged in a good state of health. Transient global amnesia was first described in 1956 by Guyotat and Courjon as an acute cognitive disorder with predominantly anterograde amnesia for up to 24 h [5]. Most episodes occur at the age of 50–80 years, do not show an association with vascular risk factors and are frequently precipitated by emotional stress, physical effort, water Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00392-013-0590-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Structuring and Standardizing Prosthodontic Education and Practice in India

There have been loud whispers and even tall claims made for the need to structure and standardize dental education in India. With technological progress in this globalization era, we have been fast in adopting changes in our practice. However, little has been done to make Prosthodontic Education relevant to the contemporary times. A gradual and steady process of attempting to match educational curriculum, contents and methods of teaching that awaken the interest of students who are the future practitioners and educationalists is the need of the hour. Again, whose responsibility is it to bring about the changes? DCI? University? Or the Institution? The apex bodies give a direction and broad based syllabus. How to administer the doses i.e. topics and subjects in a more palatable manner that will create an effect on the learner is the challenge every institute has to take up in order to make our students function autonomously after graduation. We need to make the educational methods enquiry based and examination system such that it motivates creative thinking in our students. It is a herculean task for the faculty to have Focus group discussions on every topic in Prosthodontics and decide what is relevant and important for the learner to know at the under-graduate and post-graduate level. Developing a specific learning objective that can be evaluated objectively is absolutely essential. The students respect what you inspect. Repetitive, passive and boring questions make the students take the entire educational system as an exercise that is dull, non-challenging and examiner centered. It is not easy to be a teacher who is globally relevant. The faculty must be self motivated to update themselves with various teaching and learning methods. They should invent unorthodox methods for interactive teaching and experiment with novel examination methods that can keep the interest of the students alive. There is a need to build a community of research oriented clinicians. Even in a practical environment, one can contribute to clinical research of interest. The curriculum should stress on developing the ability to assess patient problems and to address them according to their needs. In this time of knowledge explosion, let us filter and distill the information to that which is most important in our practice. It is not about how much information overload that we are able to give and take, but it is all about critically evaluating the information that we can apply as required. So friends, let us move on and be agile to bring about the changes in the teaching–learning methodologies, the examination system and not wait for someone else or an apex body to come forward and make the changes for us.

Neuroimaging in transient global amnesia

A 68-year-old woman presented following an episode of witnessed sudden-onset memory loss after lifting a heavy plant while gardening. Her husband's description of the event suggested that there was retrograde...

Thematic and Lexical Repetition in a Contemporary Screenplay

Several works on film theory and screenwriting practice take up the question of repetition within narrative. However, few if any, have articulated theories about the relationship between the repetition of the words that comprise the screenplay itself and repetition of the themes that lend coherence to the narrative. In this study we address this gap in the screenwriting and film literature. Specifically, we analyze repetition of words and themes in the screenplay of Sunshine Cleaning, a critically-acclaimed independent film. Based on our survey of the literature, we expect and we find several varieties of repetition among words associated with the major themes in Sunshine Cleaning. This repetition includes but is not limited to polyptoton (words formed by inflections, declensions, and conjugations of a common stem), homonymy, paregmenon (words sharing a common derivation), and compounding (words formed by combining two or more words). We further expect and find that the repetition of words linked to themes is extensive and found in the large majority of the scenes of the screenplay. Finally, we expect and find that words associated with the themes are repeated far more frequently than in a random sample of screenplays contained within the Corpus of Contemporary American English. We conclude the paper with a discussion of our study’s implications for the art and craft of screenwriting.

Filmmaker's Journal: <em>resonanz.01</em> (2008–2013) notes / fragments on a case of sonic hauntology

Filmmaker’s Journal:resonanz.01 (2008−2013) notes / fragments on a case of sonic hauntology Tony Cokes (bio) Mourning always follows a trauma. I have tried to show elsewhere that the work of mourning is not one kind of work among others. It is work itself, work in general, the trait by means of which one ought perhaps to reconsider the very concept of production.… A question of repetition: a specter is always a revenant. One cannot control its comings and goings because it begins by coming back.… There has never been a scholar who really, and as scholar, deals with ghosts. A traditional scholar does not believe in ghosts—nor in all that could be called the virtual space of spectrality. —Jacques Derrida, “Specters of Marx” Note One: Early Thoughts (2008−2010) I am developing resonanz.01, a video essay that ghosts, or thinks through and rearticulates Derrida’s concept of hauntology, as referenced in the above epigraphs, into relation to my reading of Paul Gilroy’s The Black Atlantic, in which he maps blackness as a transnational diasporic form whereby musical, cultural, and political tropes, themes, and genres circulate via technologies, particularly sound recordings. Given that sound recordings (like the texts that I often deform in my practice) are objects of commodity circulation and consumption for multiple publics in disparate contexts, they inhabit a kind of virtual space and time of future deployment, consumer desires, and potential abuse. By that I mean that these familiar forms are constantly being shifed, re-encoded, and re-circulated among nodes: their origins [End Page 220] are played, replayed, and displaced. My adaptation of Gilroy’s concept involves unsettling any notion of fixed historical origin, or essentialist notion of blackness, and thinking instead about how black cultural practices inhabit, shadow, and shif modern cultural forms in unexpected ways and contexts. This video case study will consider ways in which non-blacks participate in, retrofit, and complicate black cultures, not through appropriation, thef, or misappropriation (as these exchanges may have been traditionally enacted and described) but through reworking the logics, technologies, abuses, and improvisations that blacks themselves deployed to invent, reproduce, and circulate their historical and sonic interventions. It’s not about simply copying or imi tating a given image or static idea, as if there were an authentic mode. It’s about taking up a technology or structure (usually at some cultural or geographic distance from its normative use or tradition) and trying to produce differential originary meaning with it. I’m arguing that blackness is not an essence, but a hack (or series thereof), a method, a technological intervention under construction (and also under often dire social pressures) being coded, or played into existence daily. My work is an attempt to think blackness as an uncanny, ghostly methodology, that is, blackness as a critical, technical hauntology in relation to whiteness. My video resonanz.01 explores the sound of Manchester post-punk band Joy Division and its linkages to dub reggae and subsequent forms like minimal techno and dubstep. Additionally, the video will consider Joy Division’s habit of producing darkness and the uncanny in visible form, particularly the way that English art director Peter Saville’s design vocabulary appropriates certain generic modernist or minimal forms to question the normative conditions and tropes of display for popular music in late 1970s capitalism. I will take up some of these same visual and cultural codes in the aesthetic of my project. Note Two: (2011−2012) The product did not have to appear as if it was for sale, only that it now existed and was itself. It did not have to draw attention to itself in the old fashioned way, with photographs and large blatant type and a general attitude of commercial neediness. —Paul Morley, “Joy Division: Piece By Piece” What does it mean to construct a visual form that functions as a conceptual or imaginative symbol, not an illustration or caption for sonic (or other) content? What would a critique of neoliberalism or late capitalism look like, or sound like? I read Saville’s decision to use a series of layered radio waves from the first observed pulsar1 for the cover...

Genetic Counselors’ Current Use of Personal Health Records‐Based Family Histories in Genetic Clinics and Considerations for Their Future Adoption

Given the widespread adoption of electronic medical records and recent emergence of electronic family history tools, we examined genetic counselors' perspectives on the emerging technology of the personal health record (PHR)-based family history tool that links to an electronic medical record (EMR). Two-hundred thirty-three genetic counselors responded to an on-line survey eliciting current use of electronic family history (EFH) tools and familiarity with PHR-based family history tools. Additionally, after being shown a series of screen shots of a newly developed PHR-based family history tool based on the U.S. Surgeon General's My Family Health Portrait (United States Department of Health and Human Services 2009), participants were surveyed about the perceived usefulness, ease of use, and impact on current workflow that this kind of tool would have in their practices. Eighty-three percent reported that their institution has an EMR, yet only 35% have a dedicated space for family history. Eighty-two percent reported that less than 5% of their patients have a PHR, and only 16% have worked with patients who have a PHR. Seventy-two percent or more agreed that a PHR-based family history tool would facilitate communication, increase accuracy of information, ensure consistency in recording information, increase focus on actual counseling, reduce repetitive questions, improve efficiency, and increase the legibility and clarity. Our findings suggest that participants were familiar with existing EFH tools, but that the majority did not use them in practice. Genetic counselors' adoption of such tools is limited due to non-existence of this kind of technology or inability to integrate it into their clinics. They are also strongly in favor of adopting a PHR-based family history tool in genetics clinics, but have practical concerns that must be addressed before the tool can be implemented.

Using Spaced Retrieval to Effectively Treat Dysphagia in Clients With Dementia

Spaced retrieval (SR) is an evidence-based memory intervention that can be effective for helping people with mild to moderate dementia. It can be used to help clients reach a variety of goals, such as less repetitive questioning, better orientation, greater engagement in activities, improved appointment keeping, safe ambulation, and, in particular, safe swallowing. Thus, therapists using SR can enable clients with dementia to reach dysphagia therapy goals. Achievement of these goals can promote independence and reduce anxiety, as well as improve client-staff interactions. SR has been proven to be effective across a variety of types of dementia. It has been used successfully with clients in their homes, adult day centers, and skilled nursing facilities. It can be implemented during treatment sessions with speech-language pathologists and then maintained by family caregivers or nursing care staff.

Good News for Dementia Care: Caregiver Interventions Reduce Behavioral Symptoms in People With Dementia and Family Distress

Good News for Dementia Care: Caregiver Interventions Reduce Behavioral Symptoms in People With Dementia and Family Distress

Pruning a Decision Tree for Selecting Computer-Related Assistive Devices for People With Disabilities

Many disabled individuals lack extensive knowledge about assistive technology, which could help them use computers. In 1997, Denis Anson developed a decision tree of 49 evaluative questions designed to evaluate the functional capabilities of the disabled user and choose an appropriate combination of assistive devices, from a selection of 26, that enable the individual to use a computer. In general, occupational therapists guide the disabled users through this process. They often have to go over repetitive questions in order to find an appropriate device. A disabled user may require an alphanumeric entry device, a pointing device, an output device, a performance enhancement device, or some combination of these. Therefore, the current research eliminates redundant questions and divides Anson's decision tree into multiple independent subtrees to meet the actual demand of computer users with disabilities. The modified decision tree was tested by six disabled users to prove it can determine a complete set of assistive devices with a smaller number of evaluative questions. The means to insert new categories of computer-related assistive devices was included to ensure the decision tree can be expanded and updated. The current decision tree can help the disabled users and assistive technology practitioners to find appropriate computer-related assistive devices that meet with clients' individual needs in an efficient manner.

Impact of Divorce on Children: Developmental Considerations

Although divorce can have significant negative impact on children, a variety of protective factors can increase the likelihood of long-term positive psychological adjustment. • Exposure to high levels of parental conflict is predictive of poor emotional adjustment by the child regardless of the parents' marital status. • Epidemiologic data reveal that custody and parenting arrangements are evolving, with more emphasis on joint custody and access to both parents by the child. • Pediatricians' knowledge of childhood development is essential in providing anticipatory guidance to parents throughout the divorce process and beyond.

Pringle’s Pruning of Prince: The History of Mary Prince and the Question of Repetition

Narrated by Mary Prince, transcribed by Susanna Strickland, and edited by Thomas Pringle, The History of Mary Prince (1831) offers a rich space for exploring the complexity of authorship in the formation of a text. Pringle, Scottish secretary of the British Anti-Slavery Society, claims that Prince, a formerly enslaved Bermudan, first approached him with the idea of publishing her narrative to inform the English people of “what a slave had felt and suffered” (Pringle 3). Pringle asked his friend and fellow Methodist Strickland to produce a transcription of the narrative, which he then “pruned” before its publication as an anti-slavery pamphlet (Pringle 3). Pringle and Strickland’s influences, which some critics refer to as collaboration and others as interference, make it difficult to approach the History as the product of a single author. Sandra Pouchet Paquet, for one, believes Prince entered into a beneficial collaborative effort “in a spirit of friendship” (135), while Nicole N. Aljoe explains that the text’s “inherent multiplicity” indicates its complex hybridity rather than corruption (par. 15). De-emphasizing the power disparity among those involved, however, risks depoliticizing the text’s formation and thus misrepresenting it. Early-nineteenth-century racial, colonial, economic, and gender contexts inevitably affected Prince and Pringle’s relationship in ways that good intentions—and even the shared goal of abolishing slavery—simply could not overcome. Critics such as Kremena Todorova and Barbara Baumgartner discuss how the power dynamics involved in the text’s formation led to Prince’s voice being both present and absent in the text (Todorova 287, Baumgartner 269). Their work has shifted the conversation towards a necessary investigation into the implications of Pringle’s editorial decisions. I would like to further explore these implications to challenge assumptions that Pringle’s editing did not alter the “essence” of Prince’s narrative or that his reasons for doing so were in the best interest of the anti-slavery movement. Critical discourse regarding Prince’s authorial voice and Pringle’s editing revolves primarily around censorship of the narrative’s content. Although Pringle claims in his preface to the History that Prince’s narrative was transcribed in full, at the 1833 trial in which Pringle sued Thomas Cadell for libel, Prince revealed on the witness stand that Strickland did not write down everything she narrated (Ferguson 28). 1 Surprisingly, however, critics rarely engage Prince’s use of Caribbean Creole and Pringle’s editorial treatment of it. Two notable exceptions are Paquet and Aljoe, who point to the Creole in the narrative to demonstrate the presence of Prince’s voice: Paquet insists that Prince’s voice is actually privileged in the narrative, preserved by Pringle’s editorial decisions (131, 137), while Aljoe claims that her Creole emerges despite Pringle’s editing (par. 10). Yet neither interrogates Pringle’s changes

Author and Title Index to Callaloo Volume 35 (Whole Numbers 130–133)

Author and Title Index to Callaloo Volume 35 (Whole Numbers 130–133) Kathryn B. Karasek and Hannah Sears By Author Aje, Jide. “Aladire 2007–B,” Art, 35.3 (Summer 2012): Front Cover; “Artist’s Statement” Nonfiction, 35.3 (Summer 2012): 748; Interview, Vievee Francis, 35.3 (Summer 2012): 753–757; “Portfolio,” Art, 35.3 (Summer 2012): 749–752; “Pupa, dudu ati funfun #1,” Art, 35.3 (Summer 2012): Back Cover. Allen, Jessica L. “Pringle’s Pruning of Prince: The History of Mary Prince and the Question of Repetition,” Article, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 509–519. Antonucci, Michael A. “’Til Death or Distance Do Us Part: Love and Marriage in African America by Frances Smith Foster,” Review, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 558–561. Arbino, Daniel. “Orphan Narratives: The Postplantation Literature of Faulkner, Glissant, Morrison, and Saint-John Perse by Valérie Loichot,” Review, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 543–545. Arce, B. Christine. “La Negra Angustias: The Mulata in Mexican Literature and Cinema,” Article, 35.4 (Fall 2012): 1085–1102. Avant, A.H. Jerriod. “Telling Question,” Poetry, 35.4 (Fall 2012): 875–880. Bayeza, Ifa. “The Ballad of Emmett Till,” Drama, 35.3 (Summer 2012): 641–730; “These Conversations Are Long Overdue,” Interview, Corey D. B. Walker, 35.3 (Summer 2012): 731–746. Boggs, Nicholas. “A Grammar of Little Manhood: Ralph Ellison and the Queer Little Man at Chehaw Station,” Article, 35.1 (Winter 2012): 245–266. Bollinger, Heidi E. “Neo-Segregation Narratives: Jim Crow in Post-Civil Rights American Literature by Brian Norman,” Review, 35.3 (Summer 2012): 812–815. Borman, David. “Extending the Diaspora: New Histories of Black People by Dawne Y. Curry, Eric D. Duke, and Marshanda A. Smith, eds.,” Review, 35.3 (Summer 2012): 825–827. Botkin, Frances R. “Revising the Caribbean: ‘Three-Fingered Jack’ and the Jamaican Pantomime,” Article, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 494–508. Brown, Iona Rozeal. “Commonalities,” Art, 35.4 (Fall 2012): Back Cover; “Untitled (after Kikugawa Eizan’s “Furyu nana komachi” ‘The Modern Seven Komashi’),” Art, 35.4 (Fall 2012): Front Cover. Cannon, Sarita. “Color: Essays on Race, Family, and History by Kenneth McClane,” Review, 35.3 (Summer 2012): 810–812. Cassells, Cyrus. “The Bottle Tree,” Poetry, 35.1 (Winter 2012): 17; “Caesars and Dreamers,” Poetry, 35.1 (Winter 2012): 18–19. Colarusso, Andrew E. “The Agonist,” Poetry, 35.3 (Summer 2012): 581–583; “Keeley’s Fog,” Poetry, 35.3 (Summer 2012): 580. Connell, Lisa. “Education, Assimilation and Identity: The Literary Journey of the French Caribbean by Marie Léticée,” Review, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 546–548. Corbin, Laurie. “The Voicing of Desire: the Quest for History in Heremakhonon and The Women of Tijucopapo,” Article, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 425–441. Danticat, Edwidge. “In the Old Days,” Fiction, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 355–363. Davis, Thadious M. “Olympia Vernon’s Children of Opinion,” Article, 35.1 (Winter 2012): 120–133. Derricotte, Toi. “Andante Tenemarente,” Poetry, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 321; “Billie in Frankfurt,” Poetry, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 319–320; “Magnificat,” Poetry, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 322; “May Your Days Go by in Beauty & Wonder,” Poetry, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 323. Dickson, Foster. “The South That Wasn’t There: Postsouthern Memory and History by Michael Kreyling,” Review, 35.3 (Summer 2012): 818–820. Dixson, Alyss. “Daddy’s Rabbit Stew,” Poetry, 35.4 (Fall 2012): 873–874. Eckard, Paula Gallant. “The Entombed Maternal in Gloria Naylor’s Linden Hills,” Article, 35.3 (Summer 2012): 795–809. Edwards, Brent Hayes. “The Taste of the Archive,” Article, 35.4 (Fall 2012): 944–972. Edwards, Erica R. “Cotton’s Queer Relations: Same-Sex Intimacy and the Literature of the Southern Plantation, 1936–1968 by Michael P. Bibler,” Review, 35.1 (Winter 2012): 296–298. Farah, Nuruddin. “Witnessing Contemporary Somalia from Abroad,” Interview, Minna Niemi, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 330–340. Farrar, Charles. “Alien,” Art, 35.2 (Spring 2012): Front Cover; “City of Charlotte Gift to President Obama,” Art, 35.2 (Spring 2012): Back Cover; [End Page 1131] “Portfolio of Woodturning,” Art, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 379–388; “As Ubiquitous as Wood Is around Us: Artist Statement,” Nonfiction, 35.2 (Spring 2012): 389–391. Fawaz, Ramzi. “Space, that Bottomless Pit: Planetary Exile and Metaphors of Belonging in American...

Phenotypic psychiatric characterization of children with Williams syndrome and response of those with ADHD to methylphenidate treatment

Williams syndrome (WS) is associated with cognitive deficits, special behavioral phenotype, and high rates of psychiatric disorders. The aims of the present study were: (1) To compare the rates of psychiatric disorders and repetitive behaviors in children with WS to children with idiopathic developmental disability (DDs); (2) To longitudinally assess the change in psychiatric disorders during adolescence in WS; (3) To assess retrospectively the effectiveness and safety of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in WS children with ADHD. The study consisted of a cohort of 38 children and adolescents (age 13.1 ± 5.2 years) with WS and a sample of age-matched DDs (age 15.0 ± 3.1 years). A current follow-up evaluation was conducted after 5.6 ± 1.6 years for 25 subjects (65.8%) of the WS cohort. The rate of most psychiatric disorders was found similar in children with WS and DD controls. Specific phobia, especially from noises, obsessive-compulsive symptoms (e.g., aggressive obsessions and repetitive questions), and stereotypic behaviors (e.g., glancing), were more common in WS than DDs. In a longitudinal follow-up of the WS children, we found a decrease in the rate of anxiety disorders. In addition, a clinically significant improvement was reported in 72.2% of WS children with ADHD following MPH treatment. Sadness/unhappiness was the most common side effect associated with MPH treatment in WS, occurring in 2/3 of treated individuals. The present study further elucidates the neuropsychiatric phenotype of WS. Our results also suggest that MPH treatment for ADHD in WS warrants future prospective controlled trials.

Jugular Venous Reflux in Total Global Amnesia: Simultaneous TCD Bubble Test and Carotid/Jugular Duplex Examination

PurposeWe report an unusual case of venous reflux in a patient with memory loss and focal deficits who was found with an unusual flow pattern on Transcranial Doppler bubble test (TCD-BT) where venous bubbles were found and later confirmed on carotid/jugular duplex (CJD) examination. While chronic Cerebral Spinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) is now a fashionable finding in Multiple Sclerosis, other neurological disease should not be forgotten.Material & MethodsA 22-year-old male presented after multiple episodes of right-side weakness and memory loss associated with repetitive questioning during these episodes. The family also reported that the patient had episodes of isolated, transient memory problems that were not associated with weakness. TCD-BT was performed with 10cc agitated saline test in sitting position. TCD-BT test was performed in the supine position simultaneously with CJD.ResultsTCD-BT shows venous embolization but only minimal arterial embolization in the brain, which could be a potential pitfall for Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) detection. Carotid/jugular duplex (CJD) examinations revealed cranial flow in the jugular vein during Valsalva maneuver.ConclusionJugular reflux is a poorly understood mechanism of cerebral dysfunction. Cerebral congestion caused by venous reflux is reported in total global amnesia (TGA), but this is the first report on TCD bubble test. CJD assisted with understanding the unusual TCD-BT finding might result in new applications for different neurological diseases. PurposeWe report an unusual case of venous reflux in a patient with memory loss and focal deficits who was found with an unusual flow pattern on Transcranial Doppler bubble test (TCD-BT) where venous bubbles were found and later confirmed on carotid/jugular duplex (CJD) examination. While chronic Cerebral Spinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) is now a fashionable finding in Multiple Sclerosis, other neurological disease should not be forgotten. We report an unusual case of venous reflux in a patient with memory loss and focal deficits who was found with an unusual flow pattern on Transcranial Doppler bubble test (TCD-BT) where venous bubbles were found and later confirmed on carotid/jugular duplex (CJD) examination. While chronic Cerebral Spinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) is now a fashionable finding in Multiple Sclerosis, other neurological disease should not be forgotten. Material & MethodsA 22-year-old male presented after multiple episodes of right-side weakness and memory loss associated with repetitive questioning during these episodes. The family also reported that the patient had episodes of isolated, transient memory problems that were not associated with weakness. TCD-BT was performed with 10cc agitated saline test in sitting position. TCD-BT test was performed in the supine position simultaneously with CJD. A 22-year-old male presented after multiple episodes of right-side weakness and memory loss associated with repetitive questioning during these episodes. The family also reported that the patient had episodes of isolated, transient memory problems that were not associated with weakness. TCD-BT was performed with 10cc agitated saline test in sitting position. TCD-BT test was performed in the supine position simultaneously with CJD. ResultsTCD-BT shows venous embolization but only minimal arterial embolization in the brain, which could be a potential pitfall for Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) detection. Carotid/jugular duplex (CJD) examinations revealed cranial flow in the jugular vein during Valsalva maneuver. TCD-BT shows venous embolization but only minimal arterial embolization in the brain, which could be a potential pitfall for Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) detection. Carotid/jugular duplex (CJD) examinations revealed cranial flow in the jugular vein during Valsalva maneuver. ConclusionJugular reflux is a poorly understood mechanism of cerebral dysfunction. Cerebral congestion caused by venous reflux is reported in total global amnesia (TGA), but this is the first report on TCD bubble test. CJD assisted with understanding the unusual TCD-BT finding might result in new applications for different neurological diseases. Jugular reflux is a poorly understood mechanism of cerebral dysfunction. Cerebral congestion caused by venous reflux is reported in total global amnesia (TGA), but this is the first report on TCD bubble test. CJD assisted with understanding the unusual TCD-BT finding might result in new applications for different neurological diseases.

Does Caregiver Burden Mediate the Effects of Behavioral Disturbances on Nursing Home Admission?

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether caregiving burden mediated the relationship between specific behavior disturbances and time to nursing home admission (NHA) for persons with dementia (i.e., Alzheimer disease or a related disorder). The study used secondary longitudinal data from the Medicare Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration, a Medicare-covered home care benefit and case management program for family caregivers of persons with dementia. Primary caregivers of persons with dementia were assessed via in-person and telephone interviews every 6 months over a 3-year period. Dementia caregivers were recruited from eight catchment areas throughout the United States. The baseline sample included 5,831 dementia caregivers. Just more than 40% (43.9%; N = 2,556) of persons with dementia permanently entered a nursing home during the 3-year study period. Individual behavior problems were measured with the Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist. Caregiving burden was assessed with a short version of the Zarit Burden Inventory. Key covariates, including sociodemographic background, functional status, and service utilization, were also considered. Event history analyses revealed that time-varying measures of caregiver burden fully mediated the relationship between four behavioral disturbances (episodes of combativeness, property destruction, repetitive questions, and reliving the past) and NHA. The findings highlight the multifaceted, complex pathway to NHA for persons with dementia and their family caregivers. The results emphasize the need for comprehensive treatment approaches that incorporate the burden of caregivers and the behavioral/psychiatric symptoms of persons with dementia simultaneously.