Extraction Of Quercetin Research Articles

Ефективність поєднаного застосування ліпосомальної форми кверцетину та водного екстракту буркуну лікарського при контузії ока середнього ступеня тяжкості у кроликів

Ефективність поєднаного застосування ліпосомальної форми кверцетину та водного екстракту буркуну лікарського при контузії ока середнього ступеня тяжкості у кроликів

Development of quercetin imprinted membranes-based PVDF substrate

Molecular imprinting becomes the most outstanding approach in providing predetermined selectivity to the molecule of interest through the introduction of artificial recognition sites within the polymer matrix. This study presents the fabrication of quercetin-imprinted membranes (QIMs) for selective extraction of quercetin through surface imprinting polymerization method. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was used as the polymer support for the thermal polymerization process to take place and subsequent removal of quercetin from resultant polymer matrix leaves behind specific cavities that are complementary to the size, shape and functionality of quercetin molecules. QIMs and non-imprinted membranes were synthesized to evaluate and characterize the differences with respect to their morphology, chemical functionality as well as their binding behaviour towards quercetin and other components. The confirmation on the presence of imprinted layer on PVDF membrane was done through FTIR, FESEM and AFM analysis. Modelling of isotherm and kinetic adsorption also was performed to provide detailed insight into the adsorption mechanism of quercetin to the membranes. Membrane selectivity test was carried out using sinensetin and rosmarinic acid as competitive components.

Ionic Liquids as Efficient Extractants for Quercetin from Red Onion (Allium cepa L.)

The solubility of Quercetin in alcohols, esters and in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate, [EMIM][TFA] ionic liquid (IL) using the dynamic method was measured at constant pH in a range of temperature 233-373 K and compare to the literature data. The experimental solubility data have been correlated by means of commonly known GE models,UNIQUAC and NRTL with the assumption that the systems studied here present simple eutectic behaviour. The basic thermal properties of Quercetin, i.e., fusion temperature and the enthalpy of fusion have been measured with differential scanning microcalorimetry technique (DSC).The application of alcohols, esters and ionic liquids (ILs) as alternatives to conventional organic solvents in the liquid-liquid extraction of Quercetin from different medicinal plants, flowers and frozen red onion (Allium cepa L.) was investigated. The parameters affecting the extraction yield using ILs such as chemical structures of the IL cation and anion, the phase volume ratio of extracting solvent, time of extraction and the Quercetin form of sample and concentration were evaluated. Specific Quercetin composition was performed through HPLC measurements. Using the most effective ILs in extraction, the 14.3±0.1g.kg-1 and 5.9±0.1g.kg-1of Quercetin from frozen pure red onion was obtained with N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium tetrafluoroborate, [N2,2,1,2OCH3][BF4] and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate, [EMIM][TFA], respectively.

Enhancing the Potential Exploitation of Food Waste: Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Renewable Specialty Chemicals from Blackcurrants ( Ribes nigrum L.).

Natural colorants were extracted from renewable botanical sources, specifically waste epicarp from the blackcurrant fruit pressing industry. A process was developed which used acidified water extraction followed by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification stage which allowed the production of an anthocyanin-rich extract in good yields (ca. 2% w/ w based on dry weight of raw material). The components in the extracts were extensively characterized by HPLC, mass spectrometry, IR, NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. HPLC confirmed presence of four anthocyanins: delphinidin-3- O-rutinoside (45%), cyanidin-3- O-rutinoside (31%), and the corresponding glucosides at 16% and 8%, respectively. On sequential liquid-liquid aqueous-organic partitioning of the post-SPE sample, monomeric anthocyanins (54.7%) and polymeric anthocyanins (18%) were found in the aqueous layer with 3- O-rutinosides of myricetin (3.1%) and quercetin (3.2%), while isopropylacetate achieved selective extraction of caffeic acid (3%), p-coumaric acid (5%), and myricetin (2.5%) and quercetin (3.2%) aglycons. 3- O-Glucosides of myricetin (3.1%) and quercetin (2%), along with nigrumin- p-coumarate (1%) and nigrumin ferulate (0.5%) were selectively extracted from the remaining aqueous fraction using ethyl acetate. This allowed for near total quantification of the blackcurrant extract composition.

Green and efficient extraction of four bioactive flavonoids from Pollen Typhae by ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents extraction

Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been recognized as a novel class of sustainable solvents to replace common organic solvents. In this study, a highly and efficient extraction technique for determination of four bioactive flavonoids from Pollen Typhae using a combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) was developed. A series of DESs containing various hydrogen bond acceptors combined with different hydrogen bond donors were synthesized and screened for high extraction efficiencies based on the flavonoids extraction yields. The extraction conditions including composition of DES, water content in DES, liquid-solid ratio, and extraction time were statistically optimized by single-factor experiment. As a result, DES composed of choline chloride and 1,2-propanediol (ChPri) at 1:4 M ratio, 30% of aqueous solution, 50:1 mg mL−1 for solid-liquid ratio, and 35 min for extraction time were selected as the most effective process for extraction of flavonoids in Pollen Typhae. Under the optimal conditions, the target compounds recoveries were in the range of 86.87%–98.89%. Meanwhile, DESs showed greater extraction efficiency for extraction of quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin from Pollen Typhae comparing with conventional solvents such as methanol and 75% of aqueous ethanol. Comparing DESs to the conventional organic solvents, in addition to their reduced environmental impacts, they proved to provide higher extraction efficiency for flavonoids, and therefore have a great potential as possible alternatives to those organic solvents in extraction of Chinese herbal medicines.

Optimisation of Gallic Acid and Quercetin Extraction from Phyllanthus Niruri

This paper presents an optimization study of gallic acid and queretin extraction from Phyllanthis niruri by using response surface methodology. Gallic acid and quercetin was extracted with the aid of sonication and the polyphenols content was analyzed using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). The effect of extraction time, amplitude and ethanol concentration on the yield of gallic acid and quercetin were investigated. The optimum gallic acid yield (10.43 ± 0.28 mg GA/g DW) was found in ethanol concentration of 40.0%, extraction time of 15 minutes and amplitude of 86.85% after solving the regression equation. Meanwhile, the optimum condition to obtain the highest yield of quercetin (17.48 ± 0.21 mg Que/g DW) was found in ethanol concentration of 40.0%, extraction time of 15 minutes and amplitude of 75%. The findings in this work may serve as a useful guide to obtain highest extraction yield of gallic acid and quercetin from Phyllanthus niruri.

Selective separation and determination of quercetin from red wine by molecularly imprinted nanoparticles coupled with HPLC and ultraviolet detection.

In this study, a highly sensitive and selective sample pretreatment procedure using molecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles was developed for the extraction and determination of quercetin in red wine samples coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The imprinted silica nanoparticles were prepared in the presence of N-acryoyl-l-aspartic acid (functional monomer), quercetin (template), azobisisobutyronitrile (initiator) and methylene bisacrylamide (cross-linker) and methanol/water (porogen) via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Surface characterization was performed and several imprinting parameters were investigated, and the results indicated that adsorption of quercetin on the imprinted silica nanoparticles followed a pseudo-first-order adsorption isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity at 26.4mg/g within 60min. The imprinted silica nanoparticles also showed satisfactory selectivity towards quercetin as compared with its structural analogues. Moreover, the imprinted nanoparticles preserved their recognition ability even after five adsorption-desorption cycles. Meanwhile, the nanoparticles were successfully applied to selective extraction of quercetin from red wine with a high recovery (99.7-100.4%). The limit of detection was calculated to be 0.058μg/mL with a correlation coefficient 0.9996 in the range of 0.2-50μg/mL. As a result, the developed selective extraction method using molecular imprinting technology simplifies the sample pretreatment procedure before determination of quercetin in real samples.

Organogenesis and efficient in vitro plantlet regeneration from nodal segments of Allamanda cathartica L. using TDZ and ultrasound assisted extraction of quercetin

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the instigative effect of thidiazuron (TDZ) on multiple shoot induction from nodal segments of Allamanda cathartica and estimated the flavonoid yield among the regenerants. High rate of shoot bud induction was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 0.3 µM TDZ from nodal segments exposed for 30 days. However, for shoot proliferation and elongation, TDZ exposed cultures were further cultured on MS medium devoid of TDZ and/or supplemented with different concentration of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and Kinetin (Kn). BA at 2.5 µM gave the maximum mean number of shoots (44.00 ± 1.30) and shoot length (7.50 ± 0.21 cm) per explant after 12 weeks of incubation in the secondary medium. The response of explant was influenced by the collection time. The highest rooting in the microshoots (5 cm) was achieved on 1/2 MS liquid medium supplemented with 0.5 µM Indole-3 butyric acid (IBA) which produced 4.50 ± 0.16 mean roots/shoot with 4.05 ± 0.17 cm mean root length. The leaves of 30 day old acclimatized plantlets were used for phytochemical screening. Ultrasonication mediated extraction and quantification of bioactive flavonoid namely quercetin through colorimetry and mass spectrometry analysis from the leaves of regenerants. Extraction was processed in methanol using 2 g leaf sample through sonication. Total yield of flavonoids and quercetin content was found to be maximum in 2.5 µM BA treated plants with respect to control and other treated samples. The concentration of total flavonoids was estimated to be 172.90 mg QE/g which yielded 51.39 mg/g quercetin. The study ensures a rapid cultivation of plantlets, thus enhancing the biomass production which may be utilized in the isolation and quantification of other biological potential compound for the use in treatment of various ailments.

Cu- and S- @SnO2 nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon for efficient ultrasound assisted dispersive µSPE-spectrophotometric detection of quercetin in Nasturtium officinale extract and fruit juice samples: CCD-RSM design

A simple, rapid, and efficient method of dispersive micro solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) combined with UV–Vis spectrophotometry via ultrasound-assisted (UA) was applied for the determination and preconcentration of quercetin in extract of watercress (Nasturtium officinale), fruit juice and water samples. The sorbent in this method was synthesized by doping copper and sulfide into the tetragonal structure of SnO2-nanoparticles (Cu- and S- @SnO2-NPs) and subsequently loading it on activated carbon (AC). The D-μ-SPE parameters with direct effect on the extraction efficiency of the targeted analyte, such as sample pH, volume of eluent, sorbent mass and ultrasound time were optimized using central composite design method. Under optimized conditions, the calibration graph for quercetin was linear in the range of 20–4000 ng mL−1; the limit of detection and quantitation were 4.35 and 14.97 ng mL−1, respectively and the enrichment factor was 95.24. Application of this method to analyze spiked extract, fruit juice and water samples resulted in acceptable recovery values ranging from 90.3% to 97.28% with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation values lower than 6.0% in all cases. Among the equilibrium isotherms tested, Langmuir was found to be the best fitted model with maximum sorption capacity of 39.37 mg g−1, suggesting a homogeneous mode of sorption for quercetin.

Flavonoid determination in onion, chili and leek by hard cap espresso extraction and liquid chromatography with diode array detection

A low cost extraction procedure, based on the use of a hard cap espresso machine, has been developed for the extraction of myricetin, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol from vegetables by using 50 mL of ethanol in water (80% v/v) in <30 s. Direct determination of extracts were carried out by liquid chromatography with diode array detection (LC-DAD), offering limit of detection values from 3 to 8 μg g−1. Intra and inter-day precision ranged from 8 to 16%, and from 10 to 23%, respectively. Quantitative recoveries were assessed from leek and Habanero, Thai, and red chili samples spiked at different flavonoid concentrations with values ranging from 100 to 110%, from 80 to 108%, from 74 to 88%, and from 70 to 115%, respectively. Efficiency of the proposed extraction procedure was compared with ultrasound-assisted extraction and free quercetin was determined directly in onion samples and after a hydrolysis of extracts and/or fungal fermentation.

HPLC identification of bioactive flavonoids in methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Homalium zeylanicum Benth.

Natural products continue to provide unique structural diversity in comparison to standard combinatorial chemistry, which presents opportunities for discovering mainly novel low molecular weight lead compounds. Homalium zeylanicum belonging to family Flacourtiaceae is an important medicinal plant having traditional uses in diabetes, rheumatism and wound healing activities. Chromatographic methods like TLC and HPLC were used for the separation and identification of flavonoids present in methanolic and aqueous leaf extract was studied. The chromatographic methods available for the separation of flavonoids in TLC and HPLC were adopted for the study. Three compounds were identified in TLC study in methanolic leaf extracts. In HPLC analysis, peaks corresponding to flavonoids were obtained and were identified by comparing with literature and confirm that methanolic extract contains Rutin, Quercetin and Myricetin where as in aqueous extract Quercetin, Myricetin and Kaempferol were observed. The anti diabetic activity of isolated compounds was determined by literature and confirms that compounds were found to having potent anti diabetic activity. This proves that the anti-diabetic activity of Homalium zeylanicum was due to the presence of these bio-active compounds

Methodological aspects of biologically active compounds quantification in the genus Hypericum

Accumulation of selected secondary metabolites in two Hypericum species (H. perforatum and H. annulatum) was compared in their vegetative parts (stems and leaves) and in terms of the extraction solvent (80% aq. methanol or 60% aq. ethanol). The presence of chlorogenic acid and quercitrin was not detected in stem of both species. Almost all metabolites were more accumulated in the leaves than in the stems (rutin, hyperoside, quercetin and hypericin) but epicatechin showed the opposite in both species and hyperforin in H. annulatum. Extraction solvents showed rather species-specific differences with EtOH being more suitable for the extraction of hypericin, quercetin, quercitrin, and hyperoside (on average, for both the leaves and stems, extraction increased by approximately 130, 30, 25, and 15%, respectively) while MeOH for the extraction of epicatechin, rutin, and hyperforin (increased extraction by approximately 50, 40, and 35%, respectively). On the other hand, content of total soluble phenols did not differ in relation to solvent in any organ or species. Various ages of H. annulatum plants did not show dramatic impact on the amount of metabolites. Subsequently, the usefulness of capillary electrophoresis (CE) as an alternative to HPLC for the quantification of metabolites in H. perforatum was tested and results showed non-significant differences between CE and HPLC with the methods we developed (the difference did not exceed 10%).

Ekstrakcija kvercetina iz otpadne ljuspe crnog luka (Allium cepa L.) - vodenim rastvorima različitih eutektičkih rastvarača

In order to find the most efficient natural solvent for the extraction of quercetin, its solubility was tested in the selected deep eutectic solvents (DESs) such as choline chloride:urea (ChCl:U), choline chloride:glycerol (ChCl:G), citric acid:D-glucose (CA:Glc), citric acid:D-fructose (CA:Frc), lecithin:urea (Lec:U) and lecithin:glycerol (Lec:G), as well as in their aqueous solutions, in a temperature range of 6-75°C. Quercetin was most successfully dissolved in CA:Frc, followed by ChCl:U and ChCl:G, while CA:Glc was the least efficient. The lecithin-based DESs with urea and glycerol did not dissolve quercetin. The most optimal DES (ChCl:U) was employed in the extraction of quercetin from waste onion (Allium cepa L.) tunic and its efficiency was compared with those of methanol and ethanol. The largest amount of quercetin was extracted with ethanol, followed by methanol and ChCl:U, but quercetin extracted with this DES contained the least amount of impurities. Therefore, the ChCl:U DES was highly recommended for the selective extraction of quercetin.

Simple and selective detection of quercetin in extracts of plants and food samples by dispersive-micro-solid phase extraction based on core–shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers

In the present study, a D-μ-SPE clean-up method was established for the analysis of quercetin in extracts of plants and food samples using a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer as the sorbent by HPLC-UV detection.

Ionic liquid-based cloud-point extraction of quercetin for its sensitive HPLC–UV determination in juice samples

An ionic liquid-based cloud-point extraction (IL-CPE) method was developed for the extraction of quercetin in juice samples before its determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) was used as the ionic liquid. The cloud-point extraction parameters such as sample pH, extraction temperature, extraction time, amount of ionic liquid, extraction volume, and salt concentration were carefully studied and optimized for the achievement of maximum extraction recovery. Under the optimized conditions, i.e., 20 min heating at 40 °C, 100 μL IL volume, pH 2.0, and no salt addition, a mean recovery of 92.5% and an enrichment factor of 20 were obtained for quercetin. Relative standard deviation of the method was 3.76% for 6 replicates, and the calculated detection limit (3σ) of quercetin was 0.002 mg L−1. The method, coupled to HPLC was successfully applied to the sensitive determination of quercetin in apple and gapes juice samples with quantitative recoveries.

Extraction of Rutin and Quercetin Antioxidants from the Buds of Sophora Japonica (Sophora japonica L.) by Subcritical Water

An environmentally friendly method for the static extraction of rutin and quercetin from the flower buds of Sophora japonica L. by subcritical water is developed. Concentrations of target compounds in the extracts are determined by HPLC. The developed method is highly efficient: in comparison with the conventional method, it can produce similar yields in 10-fold shorter extraction time.

ANGIOTENSIN I-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT OF EXTRACT AND FRACTION OF JAM FRUIT LEAVES (MUNTINGIA CALABURA L.)

Objective: Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases. Inhibitory activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is effective on giving hypotensive effect. Jamfruit leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) was reported to have an excellent hypotensive effect. This research was aimed to test in the manner of in vitro the inhibitory activity of ACE.Methods: This research used ACE kit-WST, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid from jam fruit leaf ethanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fraction.Results: The result showed that Jamfruit leaf extract had ACE inhibitory activity and the most active fraction was ethyl acetate fraction. Inhibitory concentration 50% value of the most active fraction, ethyl acetate fraction was 0.63 μg/mL. Ethyl acetate fraction also provides most flavonoid and phenolic content with a value of 10.91 mg/g extract quercetin equivalent and 74.90 mg/g extract gallic acid equivalent.Conclusions: Ethyl acetate fraction of jam fruit leaf had most flavonoid, phenolic compound, and ACE inhibitory activity.

Effect of physical processing methods on the content of biologically active substances in flowers of dandelion (Traxacum officinale Wigg.)

In the article, the influence of electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies, as well as the temperature on the extraction of quercetin from dandelion flowers (Taraxacum oficinale Wigg) is considered. The extraction regimes are established, in which an increase in the amount of quercetin in the extract occurs. The results of the investigations indicate that at an excessively high frequency (57–68 GHz), a maximal increase in the amount of quercetin in the extract is observed during a 15-minute irradiation with an electromagnetic field. In ultrasonic treatment (800–860 kHz), a maximal increase in quercetin in the extract was observed with a 20-minute irradiation (power of 5 W) and with 15-minute irradiation (power 7 W). During thermal processing, the maximum increase in quercetin in the extract was observed at 60 °C for 30 minutes, 55 °C for 1 hour, and at 60 °C for 1.5 hours of treatment.

Response Surface Optimized Infrared-Assisted Extraction and UHPLC Determination of Flavonoid Types from Flos Sophorae.

Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design were applied to optimize the infrared-assisted extraction (IRAE) of rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin from Flos sophorae. Four factors (extract solvent, solid-liquid ration, extraction time, infrared power) affecting the extraction yield of flavonoids were studied. Under optimized conditions the extraction yield was 33.199 ± 0.24 mg/g, which substantially improved, compared with heating reflux extraction (HRE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), while extraction time was only 9 min. The eluents were rich in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azobis (2-methyl-propionamidine) dihydrochloride radical scavenging potential (IC50 of DPPH: 53.44 ± 0.01 μg/mL, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC): 3785.83 ± 52 μmol/g) than the extracts obtained by HRE and UAE. In addition, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method was optimized for the identification and quantification of the tested flavonoids, and the method was validated based on its correlation coefficient (r), reproducibility (RSD, n = 5), and recovery values, which were 0.9994–0.9998, 0.74–1.83%, and 97.78–102.94%, respectively. These results confirmed that high extraction yield of flavonoids results in stronger antioxidant values and response surface methodology optimization of IRAE is a promising alternative to traditional extraction techniques for flavonoids from medicinal plants.

Biosynthesis, Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Quercetin from Clitoria ternatea L to Enhance Toxicity Against Bacterial Biofilm

Currently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been providing unique approach to the treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore, herein we demonstrate AgNPs synthesis by conventional bioreduction approach using quercetin compound from Clitoria ternatea L. methanolic petal extract. Bioreduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) with the quercetin extract, was incubated for 240 min and the mixture were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, DLS, SEM, EDS and Zeta potential analysis. The results were confirmed the presence of silver ion. Furthermore, the biosynthesized AgNPs possess significant antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria such as, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella sp. with maximum concentration (100 µl) showed strong inhibitory action. In addition, the hybrid AgNPs showed potential Quorum Sensing Inhibition activity with different concentration (25–100 µg/ml) against the AHL-mediated violacein production in C. violaceum (14–86%) and biofilm formation (19–92%), extracellular polymeric substances (16–72%), protease (17–93%) productions in S. aureus and. It was again confirmed by spectrophotometry and microscopy. Further, the synthesized hybrid AgNPs showed less hemolysis activity 4.58%, compared with American Society for Testing and Materials range <5%. Threfore our findings recommend that the biosynthesized AgNPs could be more hemocompatible for drug delivery applications.