Quartz Material Research Articles

Research of heat conductivity of quartz material

In the article the results of a study of heat conductivity and thermal resistance of quartz-containing materials were presented. The object of the study was a quartz mineral from the Aktas deposit, located in the Ulytau district of the Karaganda region. The initial size was a piece of quartz mineral measuring 5–10 mm, which was disassembled mechanically. To prepare the samples under study, quartz powder 0.2 mm thick, crushed by the electric pulse method, was used. Electropulse technology is one of the methods based on the influence of Yutkin, accompanied by the formation of a specially formed high-voltage pulsed electrical discharge inside a volume of liquid. The pulse discharge frequency of the electrohydropulse installation for grinding the mineral to the required fraction was f = 3 Hz, the pulse capacitor capacitance C = 0.4 μF, the pulse discharge voltage U = 18–37 kV. The samples under study were made in the following dimensions: width 100 mm, length 100 mm, height 25 mm. To evaluate the thermophysical properties of manufactured samples in a stationary mode, the ITP-МG4 “100” installation was used, which determines the heat conductivity and thermal resistance of materials for thermal insulation of industrial equipment and pipelines in accordance with GOST 7076, based on the thermoelectric method, and GOST 30256, based on the thermal probe method. As a result of the study, a graph of the temperature dependence of heat conductivity and thermal resistance of quartz-containing materials was obtained. Based on the results obtained, it was established that the thermophysical parameters of the sample containing quartz are lower compared to the sample consisting of cement.

Chemical, Mineralogical, and Petrographic Analysis of the Mud Mortar from Fort Ikoma Historical Building in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania

The restoration of historical buildings especially the Fort Ikoma in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania requires knowing the material properties used in their construction by characterizing the composition and properties of the mortar to inform the sustainable restoration strategies. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the chemical, mineralogical, and petrographic analysis of the mud mortar from the Fort Ikoma historical building in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania using appropriate standard methods. The results indicated predominant compositions by weight of mud mortar through chemical analysis were silica (59.82%), alumina (20.42%), and Iron (III) oxide (11.07%), which contributed to the higher pozzolanic activity (91.31%) and cementitious properties (Cementitious Index of 46.76) of the historical mud mortar. Mineralogical analysis revealed that a high amount of quartz (38%), nacrite (17%), and other materials such as albite, chlorite, and nepheline put up the ability of mud mortar to resist environmental pressures. The findings contribute to awareness of historical building materials and provide the technical basis for restoring the Fort Ikoma historical building in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, and similar historical buildings.

Simulation study on the thermal effect of continuous laser heating quartz materials.

The continuous development and application of laser technology, and the increasing energy and power of laser output have promoted the development of various types of laser optical systems. The optical components based on quartz materials are key components of high-power laser systems, and their quality directly affects the load capacity of the system. Due to the photothermal effect when the laser interacts with the quartz material and generates extremely high temperatures in a short period of time, it is impossible to experimentally solve the phenomena and physical mechanisms under extreme conditions. Therefore, it is very important to select a suitable method to investigate the thermal effect of intense laser interaction with quartz materials and explain the related physical mechanism. In this study, a three-dimensional quarter-symmetric laser heating quartz material geometry model by using nonlinear transient finite element method was established, and its transient temperature field distribution of the quartz material after being heated by a 1,064nm continuous laser was investigated. In addition, the influence of different laser parameters (laser spot radius, heat flux and irradiation time), material parameters (material thickness, material absorption rate of laser) on the thermal effect of heating quartz material were also studied. When the laser heat flux is 20W/cm2, the diameter of the laser spot is 10cm, the irradiation time is 600s and the thickness is 4cm, the temperature after laser heating can reach 940.18°C, which is far lower than the melting point. In addition, the temperature maximum probes were set at the overall model, spot edge and rear surface respectively, and their temperature rise curves with time were obtained. It is also found that there is a significant hysteresis period for the rear surface temperature change of the quartz material compared with the overall temperature change due to heat conduction. Finally, the method proposed can also be applied to the laser heating of other non-transparent materials.

Atomic Depth Image Transfer of Large-Area Optical Quartz Materials Based on Pulsed Ion Beam.

The high-efficiency preparation of large-area microstructures of optical materials and precision graphic etching technology is one of the most important application directions in the atomic and near-atomic-scale manufacturing industry. Traditional focused ion beam (FIB) and reactive ion etching (RIE) methods have limitations in precision and efficiency, hindering their application in automated mass production. The pulsed ion beam (PIB) method addresses these issues by enhancing ion beam deflection to achieve high-resolution material removal on a macro scale, which can reach the equivalent removal resolution of 6.4 × 10-4 nm. Experiments were conducted on a quartz sample (10 × 10 × 1 mm) with a specific pattern mask using the custom PIB processing device. The surface morphology, etching depth, and roughness were measured post-process. The results demonstrated that precise control over cumulative sputtering time yielded well-defined patterns with expected average etching depths and surface roughness. This confirms the PIB technique's potential for precise atomic depth image transfer and its suitability for industrial automation, offering a significant advancement in microfabrication technology.

Modeling and experiment of femtosecond laser processing of micro-holes arrays in quartz

Quartz material irradiated by femtosecond laser has increasingly attracted widespread attention for the micro-fabrication of photonic devices. Mechanism exploration is beneficial for accelerating the digital progress of laser processing. However, the mechanism between femtosecond laser and quartz is complicated and needs further theoretical investigation. This paper established the theoretical model based on the ionization model with the Drude equation to study the space–time evolution of free electron density and its influence on the absorption coefficient, reflectivity, and ablation depth. In addition, we achieved a 10 × 10 micro-holes array with a pore size less than 10 μm, cone angle less than 2° in a 0.25 mm thick quartz on the condition of a laser pulse energy Ep = 3 μJ, scanning velocity v = 0.1 mm/s, and defocusing distance Δf = −0.3 mm via the bottom-up femtosecond laser processing. The work gives a new insight into further understanding the ablation mechanism of transparent materials etching by the femtosecond laser. It provides a practical technical scheme for preparing commercial quartz photonic devices.

Study of non-exponential OSL decay curve within critical physical conditions of synthetic quartz material and their resolution by selection of suitable protocol

Researchers had reported that synthetic quartz which was annealed either at 400 °C irradiated by 75.6 Gy beta doses or at 600 °C irradiated by 25.2 Gy beta doses showed better rise in OSL intensity at room temperature depicting the change from non-exponential to exponential shape of the decay curve. Under these conditions, the non-exponential shape of decay curve with weaker OSL intensity was observed. It was due to re-trapping of optically released electrons by shallow traps corresponding to 110 °C TL glow peak and it was later verified by ESR spectra.In order to eliminate the non-exponential behaviour of decay curve, the researchers suggested OSL measurement at elevated temperature so as to further remove the contribution of shallow traps. However, in the present work, the OSL decay curves are recorded at 160 °C for 400 °C and 600 °C annealed samples irradiated by 2.52 Gy, 5.04 Gy, 25.2 Gy and 75.6 Gy beta doses. Both the samples show non-exponential shape of OSL decay curve up to 25.2 Gy beta doses. However, it gradually changes to exponential shape with better OSL intensity at higher beta doses. Additionally, few attempts were made to examine the non-exponential pattern of OSL decay at room temperature as well as elevated temperature within respective critical conditions by using fitting equations. It reports that various mode of non-exponential patterns of curve and their changes were influenced by strength of physical conditions. Further, a new protocol of cyclic sequence of doses, pre-heat up to 200 °C, test dose and stimulation at 125 °C for 40 s stimulation time was implemented to identical treated samples. It shows disappearance of non-exponential shape of OSL decay by growth in OSL intensity. These changes in OSL pattern were further justified by the contribution of annealing, irradiation, thermal transfer and thermal assistance process and TL measurements before and after OSL.

Optimization of Laser Micro/Nano Processing of Silicon and Quartz

This research paper explores the application of three laser systems, namely the Nd:YAG laser, fiber laser, and CO2 laser, for the micro/nano machining of silicon and quartz materials. The experimental results demonstrate the successful formation of stable silicon nanoparticles with reduced dimensions. Additionally, a quartz sheet was utilized to create a microlens array. The laser microprocessing technique was enhanced through the implementation of design of experiments (DOE) analysis. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) software was employed to conduct 17 tests, investigating the influence of laser parameters on the microprocessing outcomes. The COMSOL software was utilized for theoretical calculations to determine the distribution of surface temperatures and subsurface temperatures of silicon and quartz. The maximum temperatures achieved were approximately 5700 K for silicon and 2630 K for quartz. Numerical optimization using DOE software improved the production of silicon nanoparticles and quartz microlens, producing silicon nanoparticles wavelength peak and absorption peak values of 318.2 nm and 0.39, respectively. Additionally, quartz microlens numerical aperture and surface roughness improved to 0.494 and 4.64 nm, respectively. Due to the precise control offered by the laser micro/nano machining process, the findings of this study hold potential for diverse applications in optoelectronics and biological imaging that can leverage the unique characteristics of silicon nanoparticles and microlens arrays.

Improving the UV transmittance of synthetic quartz through defect repair methods

Synthetic quartz materials with high ultraviolet transmittance are widely used in lenses and other optical devices. However, the relatively insufficient transmittance limits the application. In this paper, method of Defect Compensation is proposed to reduce the content of ODC, E'center and NBOHC and synthetic quartz glass with UV high transmittance was prepared successfully. The glass has high transmittance with internal transmittance of 99.9%@193nm, low stress birefringence with 0.9nm/cm @632.8nm and good optical homogeneity with 0.78ppm @ 632.8nm.

Visualization and identification of components in a gigantic spherical dolomite concretion by Raman imaging in combination with MCR or CLS methods

The combination of Raman imaging and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) or classical least squares (CLS) has allowed us to explore the distribution and identification of components in a gigantic spherical dolomite concretion. It has been found by the MCR and CLS analyses of imaging data that the concretion contains dolomite, kerogen, anatase, quartz, plagioclase, and carbon materials with considerably large distribution of dolomite. The existence of these components has also been confirmed by the point-by-point analysis of imaging data. The distributions of these components were clearly observed by Raman images. Of note is that the amount of carbon materials is considerably large, and they are buried among the matrix sedimentary grains in the concretion, suggesting that there exist soft tissues with biological origin. Moreover, one of the loading spectra of CLS shows intense bands in the region of 3000–2800 cm−1, and bands at ca. 1658, ca. 1585, 1455, 1323, and 1261 cm−1. These bands indicate the existence of decomposed organic materials in the concretion. Raman imaging of concretions provides direct evidence that concretions are of biological organic origin.

Investigation of the possibility of using the raw materials of the Ural region in the production of thermopolished flat glass

The research work is devoted to the comparison of two glasses of the same composition but synthesized on different quartz materials – Tashlinsky deposit sand and Ural quartz «Crystal Mountain»), otherwise the same raw materials are used. The physicochemical properties of the obtained glasses were determined, and it was revealed that when quartz is used in glassmaking, the light transmission indicators increase. Therefore, such glasses can be classified as “especially transparent”.

Influence of aluminium doping on high purity quartz glass properties.

High purity natural quartz is used as raw material for the manufacture of quartz glass crucibles for solar-grade silicon ingots production. One key challenge for cost-effective ingot pulling is to maximise the ability of the crucible to withstand the process conditions (i.e., silicon load and temperature about 1500 °C) without deformation. In order to improve this glass property, aluminium was coated into the raw quartz materials. Our results showed that an addition of up to 1000 wt ppm Al substantially reduces deformation of glass and improves viscosity at high temperatures. This is likely due to the reduction of stability of OH groups in the quartz glass as well as a trapping effect of aluminium on oxygen vacancies. This hypothesis is also supported by atomistic models. In the presence of Al, formation energies of silanol groups (Si-O-H) were much higher than without. Furthermore, the presence of Al in the structure significantly reduces mobility of the oxygen vacancies. It was also found that formation of oxygen vacancies hinders cristobalite crystallisation, on the other hand, Al atoms themselves induce local weakening of the Si-O bond which accelerates the kinetics of the reconstructive phase transition from glassy state to crystalline phase. This was also confirmed experimentally in our study.

임진강 유역 후기 구석기에 대한 시론적 연구

In the Imjin River Area, 7 major sites related to the Upper Paleolithic were excavated. The sites are located on the lava plateau, fluvial terrace and on top of the hillslope. The sites related with the lava plateau and fluvial terrace show differences in colluvium after sedimentation of alluvial deposits. And underwent a stable process of soilification towards the upper levels. Many of the Upper Paleolithic artifacts are identified within the upper clay deposits. On the other hand, the site on the hillside was subjected to repeated colluvium, and the artifacts were likely re-deposited.
 Stratum comparisons of sites indicate that Upper Paleolithic artifacts occur in light brown, dark brown, and reddish brown clay layers and brown sandy clay or clay layers. The reddish brown clay and brown sandy clay or clay layers are the last Middle Paleolithic~30,000BP, the dark brown clay layers are primarily of the first half of MIS 2 : before 20,000BP, and the light brown clay layers are the second half of MIS 2 : after 20,000 BP.
 Throughout all time stages, quartz and quartzite lithic raw materials are heavily utilized and small stone tools are common. However, tuff and obsidian are identified in second artifact layer of Samgeo-ri site of the first half of MIS 2, which is related with the emergence of blade and micro-blade techniques. In other sites, these lithic technologies are not identified, suggesting that a variety of technological choices were made in response to the demand for shaped tools and the availability of raw materials. From the seond half of MIS 3 to MIS 2, the size of the flakes becomes smaller, and the types of small stone tools become more diverse and smaller. However, PESQ(pièce esquillée) remains constant in size and is looks like excluded from the miniaturization of stone tools because of its function.

Problem of Measuring Absorption Using Time-Resolved Photothermal Common-Path Interferometry under Conditions of Developed Heat Diffusion

We present a study of the problem of measuring ultra-low absorption in quartz materials using the time-resolved photothermal common-path interferometry (TPCI) method, which we proposed and elaborated, with allowance for developed heat diffusion in the samples. This task is related to the implementation of one of the ways of increasing the sensitivity of measurements, namely, increasing the energy of the heating pulse by increasing its duration. Analytical formulas for the time dependence of the power of the time-varying component of the probe radiation are obtained in the Gaussian approximation for the laser beams. A correction factor that takes into account the heat diffusion effect is calculated theoretically and used during calibration. The rate at which the power of the time-varying component decreases when the sample is cooled after the end of the heating pulse is calculated. When measuring in crystalline quartz, quartz glass, and also in air, the calculated rate coincided with the experimental one, which is additional evidence for the reliability of the calculations of the correction factor for calibrating the measurements. When the duration of the heating pulse is increased to 5 ms, the calculated sensitivity of the scheme for measuring absorption in quartz glasses is 2 × 10−9 cm−1.

Reaction with Water Vapor Defines Surface Reconstruction and Membranolytic Activity of Quartz Milled in Different Molecular Environments.

Industrial processing of quartz (SiO2) and quartz-containing materials produces toxic dust. Fracturing quartz crystals opens the Si‒O bond and produces highly reactive surface species which mainly react with molecules like water and oxygen. This surface-reconstruction process forms silanol (Si‒OH) on the quartz surface, which can damage biological membranes under specific configurations. To comprehend the impact of the quartz surface restructuring on membranolytic activity, the formation and reactivity of quartz radicals produced in four distinct molecular environments with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy are evaluated and their membranolytic activity is measured through in vitro hemolysis test. The four molecular environments are formulated with and without molecular water vapor and oxygen (±H2O/±O2). The absence of water favored the formation of surface radical species. In water-rich environments, diamagnetic species prevailed due to radical recombination. Quartz milled in -H2O/±O2 acquired membranolytic activity when exposed to water vapor, unlike quartz milled in +H2O/±O2. After being stabilized by reaction with water vapor, the membranolytic activity of quartz is maintained over time. It is demonstrated that the type and the reactivity of radical sites on quartz are modulated by the outer molecular environment, ultimately determining the biological activity of milled quartz dust.

Manufacturing Conditions for Non-Melting Polycrystalline Translucency Ceramics Using Composite Quartz Materials

Manufacturing Conditions for Non-Melting Polycrystalline Translucency Ceramics Using Composite Quartz Materials

Koryŏ inlay celadon from Taicang Port of the Yuan Dynasty, China

Inlay celadon was a type of high-end ceramics of the Koryŏ dynasty (918–1392 AD) produced in the Korean Peninsula. It was conveyed to China during the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368 AD) as tribute or trade goods. In this study, the authors analyzed six samples of inlay celadon recently discovered at the prosperous Taicang Port of the Yuan and Ming dynasties in the lower Yangtze River, China. With scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the authors investigated the production technique, and compositional characteristics of these samples for the purpose of tracking their provenances. While the bodies are made of porcelain stone, the glazes are of porcelain stone and calcium-rich flux. The white inlay material in these samples is kaolinite-dominant, and the black one is made of quartz with high Fe content or a compound of quartz and raw materials with high Fe content. The results link the samples uncovered at the Taicang Port to the Samhǔngni Kiln in Kangjin-gun and the Uch'ǒlli and Chinsǒri Kilns in Buan-gun in Southern Korea. The products from these kilns were shipped to China in several shipments.

Experimental study on brick performance using quartz material and woods ash

Traditional building using clay bricks is a cornerstone of modern civilization. Traditional brickmaking hurts the environment via clay mining and power-hungry fires. This article describes the results of a quartz and wood ash brick experiment to address these issues and promote sustainable construction. We will test their mechanical properties, water absorption, and durability to determine whether they can replace clay bricks in terms of environmental impact and resource efficiency. Quartz and wood ash are being considered for brick manufacture owing to their cost-effectiveness and environmental advantages. The performance of bricks made with these materials is yet unknown. To fill this gap, this research will examine the structural and thermal characteristics of quartz-and-wood-ash bricks for building applications. This research helps the construction industry achieve or surpass performance standards while reducing brick manufacturing's environmental impact. This study examines utilising quartz and wood ash as brick raw materials to improve sustainability and performance. Quartz, wood ash, and ordinary clay are burned to make brick samples according to industry requirements. These materials are tested for brickmaking, utilising many performance characteristics. Brick conduct was identified during the investigation. Bricks using powdered quartz, wood ash, cement, and sand were evaluated for compressive strength and water absorption. They made bricks. Most bricks were made by mixing and casting these four elements. According to estimations, quartz, wood ash, cement, and sand made up 45 %, 15 %, and 15 % of each component, respectively. After the final brick was laid, the fresh bricks were tested. Water absorption and compressive strength vary greatly between 7- and 14-day-cured bricks. Compressive strength rose greater after 14 days than 7.

Effect of BPO4 on phase transition behavior and sintering of quartz materials

AbstractIn order to inhibit the phase transition of quartz, the effects of BPO4 addition and sintering temperature on the structure and properties of quartz materials were studied. The results showed that the addition of 5 wt.% BPO4 successfully inhibited the formation of cristobalite. Samples with 5 wt.% BPO4 added exhibited the high cold modulus of rupture (15.59 MPa) and bulk density (1.92 g/cm3) sintered at 1200°C–1400°C. In addition, BPO4 formed a glass phase sintered at 1200°C–1400°C and distributed between SiO2 particles, filling pores and densifying the material. Therefore, the prepared quartz‐based ceramics with BPO4 have broad potential in the field of medium and high temperatures, and can be applied to aerospace and other fields.

The influence of chemical etching on the surface quality of phase components

Large-aperture fused silica phase optical components such as continuous phase plate (CPP) are widely used in large-scale laser devices to achieve beam homogenization and improve beam quality. However, under the action of high-energy lasers, their lower damage threshold seriously restricts their service life and increases cost of using. Compared with other fused silica components, chemical processing technology with hydrofluoric acid solution (HF) is lacking in the processing of phase components because the residual root mean square value (RMS) of phase elements is very high, and it can not guarantee this. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on the influence of chemical treatment on phase components. In this paper, we improved the chemical treatment process to achieve the change of residual RMS value not more than 3 nm, and improved the ability of resisting laser damage that the damage threshold of 29J/cm2 was obtained under the test conditions 351nm@3ns. Finally, we successfully mastered the chemical control process of phase components and applied it to the CPPs as other fused quartz materials engineering production process.

ASSESSMENT OF CRYSTALLINITY DEGREE OF QUARTZ RAW MATERIALS

Link for citation: Korovkin M.V., Ananyeva L.G., Zherlitsyn A.A., Kondratiev S.S., Savinova O.V., Kurskaya V.S. Assessment of crystallinity degree of quartz raw materials. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 8, рр. 59-67. In Rus. The relevance of research is determined by the need to assess the degree of transformation of quartz raw materials in its natural occurrence, as well as, changes in the properties of raw materials and products are exploited under various operating conditions. X-ray diffraction and Infrared spectroscopy was used to assess the degree of crystallinity of various crystalline quartz materials and products made of silicon dioxide, which showed satisfactory convergence of results and can be recommended for use in world practice. Objects: artificially grown quartz, including samples of synthetic quartz with an admixture of aluminum, zone-colored single crystal of quartz with an admixture of two and ferric iron; natural crystals of amethyst, smoky quartz, optical quartz; samples of fused quartz, products made of technical and optical quartz and silicate glass; as well as fine-grained samples of quartzites, including their micro- and nano-sized fractions. Methods: optical and electron scanning microscopy, X-ray spectral and analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. Results. The paper shows that the degree of crystallinity of quartz raw materials and products based on it is determined by the presence of a structural ordering in the near zone that characterizes the crystalline state corresponding to the a-quartz phase, which is confidently recorded by XRD and FTIR methods. The local disorder of high-purity quartz or quartzites having various impurities or defects in their structure that arise under the influence of external influences or exploitation causes deterioration of their properties and decrease in the degree of crystallinity.