Quantum Tunneling Method Research Articles

Thermodynamics of a quantum corrected Reissner-Nordström black hole

In the modified Reissner-Nordström (RN) black hole with quantum excitations of spacetime, we investigate the quantum corrected thermodynamics. First, we calculate the thermodynamic quantities and examine the quantum corrections on the temperature, entropy and heat capacity. To ensure the black hole mass having the basic physics meaning, we obtain the critical state with Planck scale. Letting the thermal capacity equal zero, we derived the radiation remnant which is consistent with the critical state. Also, we analyze the thermal capacity and discuss the thermal stability of the black hole. Next, using the quantum tunneling method and taking into account the second-order WKB approximation, we calculate the tunneling probability of massless particle. It is found that the tunneling rate is regularized by the quantum excitations of spacetime. As well as, for the tunneling radiation, there are correlations between the emitted modes and holds the potential to address the black hole information loss problem. Besides, based on the unitary of the quantum tunneling, we obtained the corrected black hole entropy, which contains the logarithm and inverse of the black hole area.

Development of an Artificially Intelligent Nanopore for High-Throughput DNA Sequencing with a Machine-Learning-Aided Quantum-Tunneling Approach.

Solid-state nanopore-based single-molecule DNA sequencing with quantum tunneling technology poses formidable challenges to achieve long-read sequencing and high-throughput analysis. Here, we propose a method for developing an artificially intelligent (AI) nanopore that does not require extraction of the signature transmission function for each nucleotide of the whole DNA strand by integrating supervised machine learning (ML) and transverse quantum transport technology with a graphene nanopore. The optimized ML model can predict the transmission function of all other nucleotides after training with data sets of all the orientations of any nucleotide inside the nanopore with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of as low as 0.062. Further, up to 96.01% accuracy is achieved in classifying the unlabeled nucleotides with their transmission readouts. We envision that an AI nanopore can alleviate the experimental challenges of the quantum-tunneling method and pave the way for rapid and high-precision DNA sequencing by predicting their signature transmission functions.

Tunneling radiation and quantum entropy of a massive gravity black hole

By using the Parikh-Wilczek (PW) quantum tunneling method, the Hawking radiation of black holes inmassive gravity is investigated, the emission rate of particles and the black hole entropy are calculated. It is shownthat the emission spectrum is not purely thermal, depends on the increment of the black hole entropy, consists with anaccurate unitary theory and supports the standpoint of information conservation. Unlike other modified gravities, theentropy of the massive gravity black hole unexpectedly conforms to the area law just as that of Einstein gravity blackhole.

GUP effects on Hawking temperature in Riemann space-time

In this paper, the modified Hawking temperature of a static Riemann space-time is studied using the generalized Klein–Gordon equation and the generalized Dirac equation. Applying the Kerner–Mann quantum tunneling method, the modified Hawking temperatures for scalar particles and fermions that cross the event horizon of the black hole have been derived. We observe that the quantum gravity effects reduce the rise of thermal radiation temperature of the black hole.

Simultaneous studies of pressure effect on charge transport and photophysical properties in organic semiconductors: A theoretical investigation

High-mobility and strong luminescent materials are essential as an important component of organic photodiodes, having received extensive attention in the field of organic optoelectronics. Beyond the conventional chemical synthesis of new molecules, pressure technology, as a flexible and efficient method, can tune the electronic and optical properties reversibly. However, the mechanism in organic materials has not been systematically revealed. Here, we theoretically predicted the pressure-depended luminescence and charge transport properties of high-performance organic optoelectronic semiconductors, 2,6-diphenylanthracene (DPA), by first-principle and multi-scale theoretical calculation methods. The dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method were used to get the electronic structures and vibration properties under pressure. Furthermore, the charge transport and luminescence properties were calculated with the quantum tunneling method and thermal vibration correlation function. We found that the pressure could significantly improve the charge transport performance of the DPA single crystal. When the applied pressure increased to 1.86 GPa, the hole mobility could be doubled. At the same time, due to the weak exciton coupling effect and the rigid flat structure, there is neither fluorescence quenching nor obvious emission enhancement phenomenon. The DPA single crystal possesses a slightly higher fluorescence quantum yield ∼ 0.47 under pressure. Our work systematically explored the pressure-dependence photoelectric properties and explained the inside mechanism. Also, we proposed that the external pressure would be an effective way to improve the photoelectric performance of organic semiconductors.

Tunneling Radiation of Vector Particles from a Quantum Correction Black Hole

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Hawking radiation of vector particles from a quantum correction black hole by the mean of quantum tunneling. In order to achieve this purpose, based on the Proca field equation and WKB approximation, the quantum tunneling method is used to calculate the tunneling rate and Hawking temperature of the black hole. According to the analysis of the consequences, we find that the tunneling rate and Hawking temperature are related to the quantum parameter besides the horizon radius and mass of the black hole. Furthermore, when the results are compared with those of scalar particles and fermions of the black hole, no difference is found. Therefore, the tunneling rate and Hawing temperature of the black hole do not change with the type of radiation particles.

The remnant and phase transition of a Finslerian black hole

In this paper, taking into account a black hole solution of Finsler theory, we study the remnant and its phase transition close to the Planck scale. Based on the corrected Dirac equation, the quantum tunneling method is applied to derive a revised Hawking temperature-uncertainty relation. Further, with the generalized uncertainty principle(GUP), when the Finsler black hole reaches the Planck scale, the remnant after evaporation is calculated. Meanwhile, according to the phase transition and heat capacity, we analyze thermodynamic stability of the black hole remnant.

Dark information of black hole radiation raised by dark energy

The “lost” information of black hole through the Hawking radiation was discovered being stored in the correlation among the non-thermally radiated particles (Parikh and Wilczek, 2000 [31], Zhang et al., 2009 [16]). This correlation information, which has not yet been proved locally observable in principle, is named by dark information. In this paper, we systematically study the influences of dark energy on black hole radiation, especially on the dark information. Calculating the radiation spectrum in the existence of dark energy by the approach of canonical typicality, which is reconfirmed by the quantum tunneling method, we find that the dark energy will effectively lower the Hawking temperature, and thus makes the black hole has longer life time. It is also discovered that the non-thermal effect of the black hole radiation is enhanced by dark energy so that the dark information of the radiation is increased. Our observation shows that, besides the mechanical effect (e.g., gravitational lensing effect), the dark energy rises the stored dark information, which could be probed by a non-local coincidence measurement similar to the coincidence counting of the Hanbury–Brown–Twiss experiment in quantum optics.

5a-E-2 巨視的量子トンネル効果の新たな計算法の開発と重イオン核融合反応及び核分裂への応用

5a-E-2 巨視的量子トンネル効果の新たな計算法の開発と重イオン核融合反応及び核分裂への応用

Quantum Gravity Effect on the Tunneling Particles from 2 + 1-Dimensional New-Type Black Hole

We investigate the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) effect on the Hawking temperature for the 2 + 1-dimensional new-type black hole by using the quantum tunneling method for both the spin-1/2 Dirac and the spin-0 scalar particles. In computation of the GUP correction for the Hawking temperature of the black hole, we modified Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations. We observed that the modified Hawking temperature of the black hole depends not only on the black hole properties, but also on the graviton mass and the intrinsic properties of the tunneling particle, such as total angular momentum, energy, and mass. Also, we see that the Hawking temperature was found to be probed by these particles in different manners. The modified Hawking temperature for the scalar particle seems low compared with its standard Hawking temperature. Also, we find that the modified Hawking temperature of the black hole caused by Dirac particle’s tunneling is raised by the total angular momentum of the particle. It is diminishable by the energy and mass of the particle and graviton mass as well. These intrinsic properties of the particle, except total angular momentum for the Dirac particle, and graviton mass may cause screening for the black hole radiation.

Quantum tunneling and quasinormal modes in the spacetime of the Alcubierre warp drive

In a seminal paper, Alcubierre showed that Einstein's theory of general relativity appears to allow a super-luminal motion. In the present study, we use a recent eternal-warp-drive solution found by Alcubierre to study the effect of Hawking radiation upon an observer located within the warp drive in the framework of the quantum tunneling method. We find the same expression for the Hawking temperatures associated with the tunneling of both massive vector and scalar particles, and show this expression to be proportional to the velocity of the warp drive. On the other hand, since the discovery of gravitational waves, the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of black holes have also been extensively studied. With this puprpose in mind, we perform a QNM analysis of massive scalar field perturbations in the background of the eternal-Alcubierre-warp-drive (EAWD) spacetime. Our analytical analysis shows that massive scalar perturbations lead to stable QNMs.

The effect of the GUP on massive vector and scalar particles tunneling from a warped DGP gravity black hole

This paper discusses the effects of the mass and the angular momentum of massive vector and scalar particles on the Hawking temperature manifested under the effects of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). In particular, we calculate the Hawking temperature of a black hole in a warped DGP gravity model in the framework of the quantum tunneling method. We use the modified Proca and Klein-Gordon equations previously determined from the GUP Lagrangian in the spacetime background of a warped Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) metric, with the help of Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) and semiclassical (WKB) approximation methods. We find that as a special case of a warped DGP black hole solution, the Hawking temperature of a Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) black hole can be determined. Furthermore, the Hawking temperature is influenced by the mass and the angular momentum of vector and scalar particles and depends on which of those types of particles is being emitted by the black hole. We conclude that the nonthermal nature of the Hawking spectrum leads to Planck-scale nonthermal correlations, shedding light on the information paradox in black hole evaporation.

Massive vector particles tunneling from Kerr and Kerr–Newman black holes

In this paper, we investigate the Hawking radiation of massive spin-1 particles from 4-dimensional Kerr and Kerr–Newman black holes. By applying the Hamilton–Jacobi ansatz and the WKB approximation to the field equations of the massive bosons in Kerr and Kerr–Newman space-time, the quantum tunneling method is successfully implemented. As a result, we obtain the tunneling rate of the emitted vector particles and recover the standard Hawking temperature of both the two black holes.

Gravitinos tunneling from traversable Lorentzian wormholes

Recent research shows that Hawking radiation (HR) is also possible around the trapping horizon of a wormhole. In this article, we show that the HR of gravitino (spin-$3/2$) particles from the traversable Lorentzian wormholes (TLWH) reveals a negative Hawking temperature (HT). We first introduce the TLWH in the past outer trapping horizon geometry (POTHG). Next, we derive the Rarita-Schwinger equations (RSEs) for that geometry. Then, using both the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) ans\"{a}tz and the WKB approximation in the quantum tunneling method, we obtain the probabilities of the emission/absorption modes. Finally, we derive the tunneling rate of the emitted gravitino particles, and succeed to read the HT of the TLWH.

Tunnelling of vector particles from Lorentzian wormholes in 3+1 dimensions

In this article, we consider the Hawking radiation (HR) of vector (massive spin-1) particles from the traversable Lorentzian wormholes (TLWH) in 3+1 dimensions. We start by providing the Proca equations for the TLWH. Using the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ)ans\"{a}tz with the WKB approximation in the quantum tunneling method, we obtain the probabilities of the emission/absorption modes. Then, we derive the tunneling rate of the emitted vector particles and manage to read the standard Hawking temperature of the TLWH. The result obtained represents a negative temperature, which is also discussed.

Simulation of multilevel polarization in ferroelectric tunnel junctions

A theoretical model of a ferroelectric tunnel junction with multilevel polarization states is proposed, and the model is capable of achieving multiply (i.e., four or eight) logic states by setting different polarization states in the ferroelectric thin film. The tunneling conductance that strongly depends on the barrier potential is calculated by applying a free-electron direct quantum tunneling method. The dependences of the conductance on bias voltage, barrier width, dielectric constant, and electric polarization are carefully investigated. The results may provide some insights into the realization of ultrahigh-density memory.

Quantum Tunneling Radiation of Charged Massive Particle from Reissner-Nordström-NUT Spacetime

By extending the semi-classical quantum tunneling method, the tunneling radiation of the massive charged particle from a charged Reissner-Nordstrom-NUT black hole was investigated. Difference from the uncharged mass-less particle, the geodesics of the charged massive particle tunneling from the black hole is not light-like, but determined by the phase velocity. The result shows that the tunneling rate depends on the emitted particle’s energy, NUT parameter and electric charge, and takes the same functional form as uncharged particle. It also proves that the exact emission spectrum is not strictly pure thermal, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory.

Hawking Radiation of Charged Particles as Tunneling from Kim Black Hole

In this paper, when considering the conservation of energy, electric charge and angular momentum, we develop the Parikh-Wilczek’s quantum tunneling method to study the Hawking radiation of charged particles via tunneling from the event horizon of Kim black hole. The result shows the exact radiation spectrum deviates from the precisely thermal one, but satisfies an underlying unitary theory, which provides a possible solution to the information loss during the black hole evaporation.

The Hawking Radiation of the Charged Massive Particle via Tunneling from a Plane Symmetry Black Hole

In Anti-de Sitter space-time, we develop the Parikh-Wilczek’s semi-classical quantum tunneling method to investigate the Hawking radiation of the charged massive particle via tunneling from a plane symmetry black hole. The result shows that, when taking self-gravitation interaction into account, the tunneling rate of the charged massive particle is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, and that the exact emission spectrum is not strictly pure thermal, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory.

Hawking radiation and tunneling mechanism for a new class of black holes in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity

We study the Hawking radiation in a new class of black hole solutions in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory. The black hole has been argued to have vanishing mass and entropy, but finite Hawking temperature. To check if it really emits radiation, we analyse the Hawking radiation using the original method of quantization of scalar field in the black hole background and the quantum tunneling method, and confirm that it emits radiation at the Hawking temperature. A general formula is derived for the Hawking temperature and backreaction in the tunneling approach. Physical implications of these results are discussed.