Quantitative Indication Research Articles

Squat biomechanics in weightlifting: foot attitude effects

Squat weight lift is a common exercise in physical training used both in weightlifters specific training and in general athletes for leg force increment. When weight load on subject shoulders is rather heavy as compared with full body weight, gesture biomechanics becomes critical, since injuries may occur when gesture is not controlled or performed in a wrong way. Experienced trainers are aware of such issues and give proper instructions to obtain best performance at a minimum injury risk. In this work a quantitative approach is presented, supported by biomechanical measurements to determine the effects on main articulations of different postures during the exercise. Preliminary results confirm good practices giving a quantitative indication of joints solicitations.

Stable isotopes are quantitative indicators of trophic niche.

Hette‐Tronquart (2019, Ecol. Lett.) raises three concerns about our interpretation of stable isotope data in Sheppard et al. (2018, Ecol. Lett., 21, 665). We feel that these concerns are based on comparisons that are unreasonable or ignore the ecological context from which the data were collected. Stable isotope ratios provide a quantitative indication of, rather than being exactly equivalent to, trophic niche.

Bulk phase water diffusion is significantly inhibited by inhomogeneity of single non-crystal particle at low relative humidity

It has been suggested by recent studies that atmospheric particles adopt non-crystalline states which significantly impact aerosol-cloud interactions and atmospheric chemistry. In this study, the effect of non-crystalline states on water diffusion is detailed investigated from single multi-component particles levitated in aerosol optical tweezers. We infer the time-dependent particle size from Raman spectra using Mie fitting, thus derive the water diffusion coefficient (Dwater) from particle radius changes during evaporation or condensation processes. In both glassy states (in saccharide particles) and gel states (in MgSO4 particles), the bulk phase water diffusion is shown to be severely restricted, thus limiting the gas-particle water partitioning on the particle surface. The Dwater of glassy particles generally gradually decreases as the RH decreases, while the relative humidity (RH) - Dwater relationship of particle in gel state is complicated and brings huge deviation of Dwater determination. We therefore present the time dependent water content at different location (radial coordinate) of the particle. The time scale required for particle to get equilibrium to environmental RH is vastly extended by the kinetic inhibition of bulk phase water transfer. This can give direct and quantitative indication of water diffusion within single non-crystalline particle and its effect on gas-particle partitioning and equilibrium.

LEXIS OF STRYHANTSI VILLAGE AS OBJEKT OF LEXICOGRAPHICAL PROCESSING. З/Z. 6 (ЗАПÁС – ЗАПХА́ТИСІ)

The article suggests new approaches to the lexicographical processing of the modern speech lexis of residents from the particular village. Dialect of the village Stryhantsi of Tysmenytsya district, Ivano Frankivsk region was chosen as an object of the research, it is currently included into the dialect of the South-West Naddnistrianshchyna. The village is situated 30 km from the regional center – the city of Ivano-Frankivsk (driving through Roshniv, Klubivtsi, Tysmenytsia). It is supposed that the village was founded in 1624. The village is marked on the map of the French engineer- map-maker Le Vasseur de Beauplan dated 1650. The article contains the fifth part of the lexemes starting from ‘З’ (Z) letter. Registry words are provided under the capital letters in bold in accordance with the Ukrainian alphabet. Each vocabulary article provides the transcription with the obligatory mark of the stress and other acoustic peculiarities of the lexeme after the registry word in the square brackets. Stress mark in the transcription is put before the stressed syllable. Remarks are provided after the square brackets: for the noun – indication of the ending in the genitive case singular, indication of gender; for the verb – indication of the belonging to the part of the speech and aspect, for the adjective – indication of the belonging to part of the speech. Adjectives are provided in the form of masculine gender, followed by the endings in feminine and neutral genders; for other parts of the speech – indication of the belonging to the part of the speech. The glossary article provides all the meanings of the lexeme known to the author and the minimal quantity of the examples with the quotes from the colloquial dialect speech, especially with meanings which can differ from the meaning of the same lexeme in the standard language. Endings are separated by the Arabic numerals. Homonyms are provided in the separate articles with the separate quantitative indication of the index to the right. Onyms along with the appellative lexis are introduced into the glossary (last names, street nicknames, microtoponyms). Common phrases are also presented in addition to idioms. Some of the lexemes present a significant interest for the researchers of the historical grammar of Ukrainian language.

Grafting the Charged Functional Groups on Carbon Nanotubes for Improving the Efficiency and Stability of Capacitive Deionization Process.

In the capacitive deionization (CDI) process, the degradation of desalting performance is predominantly due to the co-ion expulsion effect and electrode oxidation. To overcome these complications, carbon nanotubes grafted with amine and sulfonic functional groups respectively were prepared and used as the CDI electrodes. The structural characterizations and performance tests confirmed that a uniform functional layer was formed on the surface of the modified electrodes and it enhanced the ion selectivity and wettability of the electrode surface. Moreover, the effects of the functional layer on the electrode stability were investigated by circulating CV tests and desalination tests. The positive shift value of the potential of zero charge (PZC) for the as-prepared electrodes was tested as a quantitative indication for their possible surface oxidation during cyclic tests. Analysis of the PZC variation and desalting performance demonstrated that the excellent desalting stability was achieved by the Cell N-S assembled with the ammoniated CNTs electrode as anode and sulfonated CNTs electrode as cathode. Because the functional layer could preserve the pores system on the modified electrodes and diminish the parasitic reactions that exacerbate the electrode oxidation. This work provides an effective strategy for promoting the electrode performance and prolonging the life of the electrode.

Flood Resilience of Critical Infrastructure: Approach and Method Applied to Fort Lauderdale, Florida

In order to increase the flood resilience of cities (i.e., the ability to cope with flood hazards), it is also crucial to make critical infrastructure functions resilient, since these are essential for urban society. Cities are complex systems with many actors of different disciplines and many interdependent critical infrastructure networks and functions. Common flood risk analysis techniques provide useful information but are not sufficient to obtain a complete overview of the effects of flooding and potential measures to increase flood resilience related to critical infrastructure networks. Therefore, a more comprehensive approach is needed which helps accessing knowledge of actors in a structured way. Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States has suffered from flood impacts, especially from disruptions in critical infrastructure. This paper shows how shared insight among different sectors and stakeholders into critical infrastructure resilience and potential resilience-enhancing measures was obtained using input from these actors. It also provides a first quantitative indication of resilience, indicated by the potential disruption due to floods and the effect of measures on resilience. The paper contributes to the existing literature on resilience specifically by considering the duration of disruption, the inclusion of critical infrastructure disruption in flood impact analysis, and the step from resilience quantification to measures.

Overlapping quantitative trait loci indication of similarity of rice response to various stresses

Combing stresses tolerance and grain yield is key for rice breeding to cope with the effect of climate change. The objective of this study was identify; lines resistant to multiple stresses and chromosomal segments containing QTLs conferring tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stresses Results revealed that, ratio of trait value under stress to normal conditions indicated that grain yield (GY) was the most affected trait by the stresses while grain size related traits were the least affected. Within the 29 regions harboring 50 overlapping QTLs, 39 QTLs were detected under drought, cold and bacterial blight stresses and 11 QTLs were stress specific. Overlapping regions harboring QTLs controlling multiples traits in different genetic backgrounds and in four environments (drought, cold, bacterial blight and normal condition (DCBN) were detected. Several lines offering resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses were also observed. The study indicated that to some degree, plants respond to various stresses in a similar way. It also indicated that drought, BB and low temperature tolerance can be improved simulteniously, while retaining economical yield under stress; and at the same time higher yield during favorable conditions.Key words: Bacterial blight, cold stress, Oryza sativa

LEXIS OF STRYHANTSI VILLAGE AS OBJEKT OF LEXICOGRAPHICAL PROCESSING. З/Z. 5 (ЗАМАГÁТИ – ЗАПАМНІТÁТИ)

The article suggests new approaches to the lexicographical processing of the modern speech lexis of residents from the particular village. Dialect of the village Stryhantsi of Tysmenytsya district, Ivano Frankivsk region was chosen as an object of the research, it is currently included into the dialect of the South-West Naddnistrianshchyna. The village is situated 30 km from the regional center – the city of Ivano-Frankivsk (driving through Roshniv, Klubivtsi, Tysmenytsia). It is supposed that the village was founded in 1624. The village is marked on the map of the French engineer- map-maker Le Vasseur de Beauplan dated 1650. The article contains the fifth part of the lexemes starting from ‘З’ (Z) letter. Registry words are provided under the capital letters in bold in accordance with the Ukrainian alphabet. Each vocabulary article provides the transcription with the obligatory mark of the stress and other acoustic peculiarities of the lexeme after the registry word in the square brackets. Stress mark in the transcription is put before the stressed syllable. Remarks are provided after the square brackets: for the noun – indication of the ending in the genitive case singular, indication of gender; for the verb – indication of the belonging to the part of the speech and aspect, for the adjective – indication of the belonging to part of the speech. Adjectives are provided in the form of masculine gender, followed by the endings in feminine and neutral genders; for other parts of the speech – indication of the belonging to the part of the speech. The glossary article provides all the meanings of the lexeme known to the author and the minimal quantity of the examples with the quotes from the colloquial dialect speech, especially with meanings which can differ from the meaning of the same lexeme in the standard language. Endings are separated by the Arabic numerals. Homonyms are provided in the separate articles with the separate quantitative indication of the index to the right. Onyms along with the appellative lexis are introduced into the glossary (last names, street nicknames, microtoponyms). Common phrases are also presented in addition to idioms. Some of the lexemes present a significant interest for the researchers of the historical grammar of Ukrainian language.

A Search for Variability in Exoplanet Analogues and Low-Gravity Brown Dwarfs

We report the results of a $J$-band survey for photometric variability in a sample of young, low-gravity objects using the New Technology Telescope (NTT) and the United Kingdom InfraRed Telescope (UKIRT). Surface gravity is a key parameter in the atmospheric properties of brown dwarfs and this is the first large survey that aims to test the gravity dependence of variability properties. We do a full analysis of the spectral signatures of youth and assess the group membership probability of each target using membership tools from the literature. This results in a 30 object sample of young low-gravity brown dwarfs. Since we are lacking in objects with spectral types later than L9, we focus our statistical analysis on the L0-L8.5 objects. We find that the variability occurrence rate of L0-L8.5 low-gravity brown dwarfs in this survey is $30^{+16}_{-8}\%$. We reanalyse the results of Radigan 2014 and find that the field dwarfs with spectral types L0-L8.5 have a variability occurrence rate of $11^{+13}_{-4}\%$. We determine a probability of $98\%$ that the samples are drawn from different distributions. This is the first quantitative indication that the low-gravity objects are more likely to be variable than the field dwarf population. Furthermore, we present follow-up $J_S$ and $K_S$ observations of the young, planetary-mass variable object PSO 318.5-22 over three consecutive nights. We find no evidence of phase shifts between the $J_S$ and $K_S$ bands and find higher $J_S$ amplitudes. We use the $J_S$ lightcurves to measure a rotational period of $8.45\pm0.05~$hr for PSO 318.5-22.

Electrically responsive ultrafiltration polyaniline membrane to solve fouling under applied potential

Membrane fouling is indispensable in all membrane systems and remains one major problem to large scale application. In view of this, an in-situ method of fouling control is desperately needed to sustain membrane technologies. The objective of this study is to develop electrically conductive PANI membranes with stimuli-response properties and to solve fouling under applied potential. Electrically conductive polyaniline membranes were prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation method. Exfoliated graphite and DBSA were incorporated into membrane to form PANI membranes with different electrical conductivities. The results showed that the conductivity of Memb-PAMPSA was improved by two orders of magnitude by the incorporation of EG, and further enhanced by twenty times using a long chain acid DBSA as a secondary dopant. Compared to Memb-PAMPSA whose effective contact angle did not change between 0 and 30 V measurements, the significant dynamic contact angle change of Memb-PAMPSA-EG and Memb-PAMPSA-EG/DBSA gave a quantitative indication of the electrical tuneability of these membranes. All the membranes showed fouling removal ability under applied electrical potential and the fouling removal behaviour was closely related to the membrane conductivity. The results of this study open the pathway for the development of electrically responsive membranes for in situ control of fouling in membrane filtration systems.

Assessment of the kidney and lung as immune barriers and hematopoietic sites in the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata.

Knowledge on the immune system of Pomacea canaliculata is becoming increasingly important, because of this gastropod’s role as intermediate host and vector of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the etiologic agent of eosinophilic meningitis in humans and domestic animals. Immune defenses of this gastropod comprise both humoral and cellular components, but they may also involve organs that act as immune barriers to prevent the spread of alien molecules and organisms. Both the kidney and lung are here shown to serve this function, because of (1) their positions in blood circulation, (2) the intricate architecture of their blood spaces, and (3) the proliferative and nodulation reactions of hemocytes to an immune challenge. However, these organs differ in that only the kidney shows permanent hemocyte aggregations. Microcirculation in the kidney was found to flow through an intricate vascular bed containing the permanent aggregations, which occurred either as hemocyte islets anchored by cytoplasmic projections of the renal epithelium or as perivascular accretions. Within 96 h of the injection of yeast cells, hemocyte nodules were formed both in the kidney and lung. Moreover, cell proliferation in renal hemocyte islets was measured by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. The proportion of BrdU positive nuclei increased 48 h after injection. Signs of nodule regression (apoptotic bodies, lipofuscin-like deposits) and a decrease in the proportion of BrdU positive nuclei were found at 96 h. In addition, the area of renal hemocyte islets was significantly increased 96 h after injection. Nevertheless, the high complexity of the small vascular chambers that constitute the lung’s respiratory lamina would also facilitate hemocyte-antigen contacts, required to elicit cellular aggregation, and hence, nodulation. To our knowledge, this paper includes the first quantitative indication of hemocyte proliferation after an immune challenge among Caenogastropoda.

Method of Correlation Coefficient Optimization Used in UV-vis Spectrophotometric Analysis for Effluent in Catalytic Ozonation

A wavelength selection method for spectrophotometric analysis, named correlation coefficient optimization (CCO), was employed for reagent-free analysis of organics (humic acid) in real sewage. The modeling set of CCO uses the effluent in the ozonation process of humic acid (HA) solution. In order to verify the relationship between HA concentration and absorbance at the selected wavelength, HA solutions with different mass concentrations were prepared as a validation set. The study showed that the absorbance at 300 nm could be a good quantitative indication of HA concentration. In addition, the absorbance at 300 nm was applied to analyze the HA concentration in the ozonation process. The decomposition of HA fits the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and has a linear relationship with pH and (T – 20)2 (T is reaction temperature).

A metrology-based approach for measuring the social dimension of cognitive trust in collaborative networks

This paper addresses the measurement of the social dimension of cognitive trust in collaborative networks. Trust indicators are typically measured and combined in literature in order to calculate partners’ trustworthiness. When expressing the result of a measurement, some quantitative indication of the quality of the result—the uncertainty of measurement—should be given. However, currently this is not taken into account for the measurement of the social dimension of cognitive trust in collaborative networks. In view of this, an innovative metrology-based approach for the measurement of social cognitive trust indicators in collaborative networks is presented. Thus, a measurement result is always accompanied by its uncertainty of measurement, as well as by information traditionally used to properly interpret the results: the sample size, and the standard deviation of the sample.

Implementation of jack bolts with built-in preload sensors for level condition monitoring of machine tool

Precision machine tools are usually installed on foundations via supporting elements. In this configuration, errors because of inappropriate support lengths (level error) have to be adjusted during the installation to align the level of the machine tool. Consequently, a quantitative indication of level errors is a necessity for levelling works. Therefore, a model-based approach for level condition monitoring, which can identify level errors, is proposed. In the model, machine supports are modeled as linear springs. The relationship between the level error and preload distribution is modeled in matrix form. This report verifies the fundamentals of the proposed approach through experiments performed on a machining center.

Drug development for noncastrate prostate cancer in a changed therapeutic landscape.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.160.

An experimental result coming from Neutrino research gives for all particles the ratio (si /mi) defined by Quantum Inertial theory in conjunction with the Micro-quanta paradigm

Rejecting some old misconceptions (such as the “pulling” gravitation that ravaged classical physics) the Inertial-Gravitational theory supported by the Micro-quanta paradigm incorporates both the relativistic concepts of Mass - Momentum - Energy and the quantic Inertial Model of the particle mass. The flux of micro-quanta supports primarily the physical interaction that generates the Inertial forces defined by Newton. Scholars believing that Inertial forces originate from the properties of the empty space, do not pertain to the community of physicists believing on Newton’s Inertial Law. This great ancient physicist admitted he was unable to explicit the physical nature of his Law of Inertia (“Hypotheses non fingo”). However, marking the difference between “empty” and “absolute” space, he remained in his conviction that some unknown physical reality originates (in the absolute space) the inertial forces upon accelerated masses. At present, Micro-quanta paradigm describes the quantic objects that generate through collisions the physical inertial forces on particles. Since the flux of micro-quanta fills all space, there is no need to refer these collisions to some external System of reference. The relative velocity between quanta and particles comes out from the momentum that micro-quanta confer to particles. By this reason the Micro-quanta paradigm defines on pure dynamical bases the relativistic formalism that Special relativity derived from kinematics, so creating flaws that produced the well known paradoxes. To reveal the micro-quanta it's not necessary to devise particular experiments. The technique of the accelerometers has given many evidences of the physical reality guessed by Newton to explain inertial forces exerted on masses. Since the action of micro-quanta is always manifested in statistical terms, classical and relativistic physics allowed to describe Inertia and Gravitation without knowing the quantic nature of these phenomena. The micro-quanta Paradigm shows in particular the proportionality between cross section and mass (ratio Au) of all particles colliding with micro-quanta. To the aim of calculating the transmission across matter of micro-quanta and neutrinos (which show the same nature) the only unknown quantity is the numerical value of the ratio Au. Recalling that micro-quanta flux fills all space, it appears also interesting to search about neutrino collisions with micro-quanta flux as possible cause of the oscillations phenomena that occur during neutrino travels across the (so called) astronomic “empty” space. A quantitative indication on the ratio Ao is found in this paper from an experimental measurement of the solar neutrino flux interacting with the Earth mass in the course of the Borexino research carried out at Gran Sasso National Laboratory.

Drug development for noncastrate prostate cancer in a changed therapeutic landscape.

The unprecedented progress in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is only beginning to be realized in patients with noncastrate disease. This slow progress in part reflects the use of trial objectives focused on time-to-event end points, such as time to metastasis and overall survival, which require long follow-up durations and large sample sizes, and has been further delayed by the use of approved therapies that are effective at the time of progression. Our central hypotheses are that progress can be accelerated, and that outcomes can be improved by shifting trial objectives to response measures occurring early that solely reflect the effects of the treatment. To test these hypotheses, a continuously enrolling multi-arm, multi-stage randomized trial design, analogous to that used in the STAMPEDE trial, has been developed. Eligibility is focused on patients with incurable disease or those with a high risk of death with any form of monotherapy alone. The primary objective is to eliminate all disease using a multimodality treatment strategy. End points include pathological complete response and an undetectable level of serum prostate-specific antigen, with recovery of serum testosterone levels. Both are binary, objective, and provide an early, quantitative indication of efficacy.

The logic of the floral transition: Reverse-engineering the switch controlling the identity of lateral organs.

Much laboratory work has been carried out to determine the gene regulatory network (GRN) that results in plant cells becoming flowers instead of leaves. However, this also involves the spatial distribution of different cell types, and poses the question of whether alternative networks could produce the same set of observed results. This issue has been addressed here through a survey of the published intercellular distribution of expressed regulatory genes and techniques both developed and applied to Boolean network models. This has uncovered a large number of models which are compatible with the currently available data. An exhaustive exploration had some success but proved to be unfeasible due to the massive number of alternative models, so genetic programming algorithms have also been employed. This approach allows exploration on the basis of both data-fitting criteria and parsimony of the regulatory processes, ruling out biologically unrealistic mechanisms. One of the conclusions is that, despite the multiplicity of acceptable models, an overall structure dominates, with differences mostly in alternative fine-grained regulatory interactions. The overall structure confirms the known interactions, including some that were not present in the training set, showing that current data are sufficient to determine the overall structure of the GRN. The model stresses the importance of relative spatial location, through explicit references to this aspect. This approach also provides a quantitative indication of how likely some regulatory interactions might be, and can be applied to the study of other developmental transitions.

Spin wave generation by surface acoustic waves

Surface acoustic waves (SAW) on piezoelectric substrates can excite spin wave resonance (SWR) in magnetostrictive films through magnetoelastic coupling. This acoustically driven SWR enables the excitation of a single spin wave mode with an in-plane wave vector k matched to the magnetoelastic wave vector. A 2D frequency domain finite element model is presented that fully couples elastodynamics, micromagnetics, and piezoelectricity with interface spin pumping effects taken into account. It is used to simulate SAW driven SWR on a ferromagnetic and piezoelectric heterostructure device with an interdigital transducer configuration. These results, for the first time, present the spatial distribution of magnetization components that, together with elastic wave, exponentially decays along the propagation direction due to magnetic damping. The results also show that the system transmission rate S21(dB) can be tuned by both an external bias field and the SAW wavevector. Acoustic spin pumping at magnetic film/normal metal interface leads to damping enhancement in magnetic films that decreases the energy absorption rate from elastic energy. This weakened interaction between the magnetic energy and elastic energy leads to a lower evanescence rate of the SAW that results in a longer distance propagation. With strong magnetoelastic coupling, the SAW driven spin wave is able to propagate up to 1200 μm. The results give a quantitative indication of the acoustic spin pumping contribution to linewidth broadening.

Category Theory Approach to Solution Searching Based on Photoexcitation Transfer Dynamics

Solution searching that accompanies combinatorial explosion is one of the most important issues in the age of artificial intelligence. Natural intelligence, which exploits natural processes for intelligent functions, is expected to help resolve or alleviate the difficulties of conventional computing paradigms and technologies. In fact, we have shown that a single-celled organism such as an amoeba can solve constraint satisfaction problems and related optimization problems as well as demonstrate experimental systems based on non-organic systems such as optical energy transfer involving near-field interactions. However, the fundamental mechanisms and limitations behind solution searching based on natural processes have not yet been understood. Herein, we present a theoretical background of solution searching based on optical excitation transfer from a category-theoretic standpoint. One important indication inspired by the category theory is that the satisfaction of short exact sequences is critical for an adequate computational operation that determines the flow of time for the system and is termed as “short-exact-sequence-based time.” In addition, the octahedral and braid structures known in triangulated categories provide a clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms, including a quantitative indication of the difficulties of obtaining solutions based on homology dimension. This study contributes to providing a fundamental background of natural intelligence.