Abstract
In order to increase the flood resilience of cities (i.e., the ability to cope with flood hazards), it is also crucial to make critical infrastructure functions resilient, since these are essential for urban society. Cities are complex systems with many actors of different disciplines and many interdependent critical infrastructure networks and functions. Common flood risk analysis techniques provide useful information but are not sufficient to obtain a complete overview of the effects of flooding and potential measures to increase flood resilience related to critical infrastructure networks. Therefore, a more comprehensive approach is needed which helps accessing knowledge of actors in a structured way. Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States has suffered from flood impacts, especially from disruptions in critical infrastructure. This paper shows how shared insight among different sectors and stakeholders into critical infrastructure resilience and potential resilience-enhancing measures was obtained using input from these actors. It also provides a first quantitative indication of resilience, indicated by the potential disruption due to floods and the effect of measures on resilience. The paper contributes to the existing literature on resilience specifically by considering the duration of disruption, the inclusion of critical infrastructure disruption in flood impact analysis, and the step from resilience quantification to measures.
Highlights
Many coastal and riverside cities face increasing flood hazards and impacts [1,2,3,4]
Since this paper focuses on floods, the definition here is specified to flood resilience: “the ability of a system to cope with flood hazards and in the future”
Fort Lauderdale is a city located on the southeastern coast of Florida in Broward County
Summary
Many coastal and riverside cities face increasing flood hazards and impacts [1,2,3,4]. Pant et al [6] acknowledged this and looked at direct and indirect risks, which they defined as the number of customers affected directly or indirectly by outages of CI networks They developed a method to quantify flood impacts to CI based on reliable spatial data of the networks. Flood hazards are expected to increase further in future due to sea level rise, increasing frequency and strength of major hurricanes, and increasing rainfall intensities Since this county has dense, urbanized areas with a complex physical and societal system, governments cannot prevent disasters by themselves and need strong collaboration of various stakeholders and citizens. This paper explains the approach; provides the collected information on flood hazards, direct and indirect impacts, and potential measures; and uses the information to quantify the current and future resilience of Fort Lauderdale
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