Quantitative Concepts Research Articles

At stratos’ “cauldron”. Tsípouro distillation and qualitative moral economy in Evzonoi, Greece

Anthropological studies of moral economy are grounded in a quantitative conception of economics. In the theoretical slipstream of scholars such as James C. Scott or Edward P. Thompson, an authority extracting goods and services from a subordinate entity behaves morally if what remains for the latter is quantitatively sufficient for survival and social integration. The ultimate objective pursued in this paper is a contextual and alternative re-visiting of the moral economy. The context is provided by the activity at one of the two workshops for distillation commonly known as “cauldrons”– that of Strátos – in Évzonoi, Kilkis prefecture, Greece. He distils each autumn tsípouro, the renowned Greek brandy from grapes. The anthropological backdrop of behaviours at the cauldron was rooted in the trust that the two parties involved in the economic relationship fulfil their respective duties; for Strátos, among others duties, that of distilling a product of the highest quality, primarily related to safety for consumption. The alternative revisiting of the moral economy involves a redefinition of the safety-first principle, as was implied by J. C. Scott: a shift from safety concerning the quantity of goods and services one needs for survival and social integration to one related to their quality.

Methodology for the formation of elementary quantitative concepts in preschoolers with intellectual disabilities

Methodology for the formation of elementary quantitative concepts in preschoolers with intellectual disabilities

How relations between early reading skills and third-grade mathematics outcomes vary across distribution: A quantile regression approach.

Early reading skills are critical for later academic outcomes, which include mathematics. Yet, these relations may vary by a child's ability level. This study examined how early reading skills relate to different levels of third-grade mathematics. The samples included 105 same-sex twin pairs (210 individuals, 57% female, 43% male) from the ongoing longitudinal Western Reserve Reading and Math Projects, assessed at kindergarten (M = 6.18, SD = 0.44) and third grade (M = 9.07, SD = 0.49). Kindergarten reading measures consisted of the Letter Identification task from the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test-Revised Normative Update, the Deletion subtests from Phonological Awareness Test, and the Letter Naming Fluency task from the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills; third-grade math measures included Calculation, Fluency, Applied Problem, and Quantitative Concepts subtests of Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement. Both linear and quantile regressions were conducted using reading measures as predictors and math measures as the dependent variables. Linear regressions indicated that the Deletion Summary Score was a unique predictor of Applied Problems, and Letter Naming Fluency was a significant and unique predictor of Calculation Fluency and Quantitative Concepts. Quantile regressions provided a more thorough analysis of these relations. It was found that Letter Naming Fluency was significantly associated with Calculation, Calculation Fluency, and Quantitative Concepts at the lower level. The Deletion Summary Score had relatively stable relations with Applied Problems across all levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Contextualizing urban road network hierarchy and its role for sustainable transport futures: A systematic literature review using bibliometric analysis and content analysis tools

AbstractUrban road networks play a crucial role in transport and urban planning and have the potential to contribute to more sustainable futures if their hierarchy is properly understood. However, the concept of the urban road network hierarchy, which refers to street classification and prioritization, is not well defined within the domain of transport engineering management, leaving many questions unanswered. Is it simply a planning tool, or does it extend to defining the essence of cities? Is it a qualitative or quantitative concept? Does it emerge organically or require proactive planning? Given the lack of comprehensive answers to these questions, this research aims to provide a contextual understanding of the urban road network hierarchy through the lens of sustainable transport futures. To this purpose, we conducted a systematic literature review, which is an effective method for consolidating knowledge on a specific topic. A total of 42 articles were analyzed using both quantitative bibliometric analysis and qualitative content analysis. Our work demonstrates that the road network hierarchy consists of 16 sub-concepts. Four main research trends were identified and discussed: a) road morphology and structure, b) advanced algorithms for street classification, c) integrated street classification planning, and d) the social dimension of street classification. Recent literature indicates a shift toward alternative road network hierarchy approaches that prioritize sustainable mobility over car-centric models. In conclusion, our analysis reveals that the urban road network hierarchy is a multifaceted yet under researched “vehicle for change,” which, if utilized effectively, offers opportunities to reimagine urban road environments.

SPIRAL PEDAGOGY: DEVELOPING A QUANTITATIVE HABIT OF MIND IN MARKETING STUDENTS

ABSTRACT In marketing, the traditional approach for teaching quantitative concepts uses individual courses, such as marketing research and business statistics. While this pedagogy is common, research indicates it is difficult for students to master quantitative concepts in a single course. Instead, quantitative reasoning (QR) requires repeated practice, so students develop a quantitative habit of mind. While the integration of analytics across the marketing curriculum could help students deepen their understanding of quantitative concepts, program-wide curricular change tends to be slow because it requires the coordination of multiple instructors across several courses. The current study investigated an innovative alternative – spiral pedagogy – that integrated quantitative concepts into a marketing management course. The study analyzed 384 QR assessments from 40 students before, during, and after the course. The time of the assessment had a large effect on students’ use of QR (ηp 2 = .93) and quantitative confidence (ηp 2 = .89). Qualitative feedback also indicated the spiraled lessons fostered a quantitative habit of mind that helped students beyond the classroom.

Structural equation model of information technology acceptance, e-service quality, and trust affecting consumer’s decision to use telepharmacy in the health region 12, Thailand

The objectives of this research were to study the components, relationships, and influences of factors affecting consumer’s decision to use telepharmacy in the health region 12, Thailand, and to develop a structural equation model of information technology acceptance, e-service quality, and trust affecting consumer’s decision to use telepharmacy in the health region 12, Thailand with the mixed methods research. The samples of qualitative research by in-depth interviews were drawn from key informants including pharmacists, technology experts, and consumers in the study area, totaling 24 persons. The population used in the research were persons aged 18 years and over in the health region 12 of Thailand, with a sample size of 420 persons, using a non-probability random sampling method. Data were collected by interviews and quantitative questionnaires. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The qualitative research results found that the components and relationship of various factors. The results obtained from the empirical data were consistent with the hypothesized model synthesized from the literature review. Related theories and research that were appropriate for generating a quantitative research concept. For the quantitative research result, it was found that the structural equation model developed was harmoniously consistent with the empirical data. The index values passed all acceptance criteria were 2/df = 0.287, CFI = 1.000, GFI = 1.000, AGFI = 0.989, RMSEA = 0.000, and RMR = 0.001, factors affecting consumer’s decision to use telepharmacy in the health region 12, Thailand through descending order of importance were trust, information technology acceptance, and e-service quality.

The cardiomyocyte origins of diastolic dysfunction: cellular components of myocardial "stiffness".

The impaired ability of the heart to relax and stretch to accommodate venous return is generally understood to represent a state of "diastolic dysfunction" and often described using the all-purpose noun "stiffness." Despite the now common qualitative usage of this term in fields of cardiac patho/physiology, the specific quantitative concept of stiffness as a molecular and biophysical entity with real practical interpretation in healthy and diseased hearts is sometimes obscure. The focus of this review is to characterize the concept of cardiomyocyte stiffness and to develop interpretation of "stiffness" attributes at the cellular and molecular levels. Here, we consider "stiffness"-related terminology interpretation and make links between cardiomyocyte stiffness and aspects of functional and structural cardiac performance. We discuss cross bridge-derived stiffness sources, considering the contributions of diastolic myofilament activation and impaired relaxation. This includes commentary relating to the role of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ flux and Ca2+ levels in diastole, the troponin-tropomyosin complex role as a Ca2+ effector in diastole, the myosin ADP dissociation rate as a modulator of cross bridge attachment and regulation of cross-bridge attachment by myosin binding protein C. We also discuss non-cross bridge-derived stiffness sources, including the titin sarcomeric spring protein, microtubule and intermediate filaments, and cytoskeletal extracellular matrix interactions. As the prevalence of conditions involving diastolic heart failure has escalated, a more sophisticated understanding of the molecular, cellular, and tissue determinants of cardiomyocyte stiffness offers potential to develop imaging and molecular intervention tools.

Sampling origins and directions affect the minimum sampling area in forest plots

AbstractQuestionsThe minimum sampling area (minimum area) is the smallest space that reflects species composition and characteristics of a plant community. The quantitative concept of minimum area is often estimated using species–area relationships (SARs) and has become the classical foundation for managing protected areas. However, sampling designs to determine the minimum area in different forest types have not been systematically evaluated.LocationChina.MethodsWe used tree census data from three forest dynamic plots, each with a size of 25–60 ha, in different climatic zones in China to determine the minimum areas of woody plants and to analyze the effects of species richness and topographic heterogeneity on the minimum areas by changing sampling origin and direction.ResultsWe found that mainly sampling design affects the estimation of woody plant species richness and required minimum area in different forest types. The estimated size of the minimum areas required was several hectares and varied significantly with sampling origin and direction, and showed a difference of approximately 1.5–2 times in the forest plots. Topographic heterogeneity significantly affected the minimum area through changes in species composition.ConclusionsSampling origin and direction should be considered when using SARs to estimate the minimum area and species diversity in communities. Such a comprehensive approach of sampling can contribute to a better understanding of vegetation characteristics and the minimum area required for a conservation census in heterogeneous environments.

Colonialism, Race, and the Concept of Energy

The following paper puts the history of race and colonialism in conversation with the history of the concept of energy. The objective is to understand what a critical decolonial perspective can teach us about the central role that energy plays in western culture, materially and epistemologically. I am interested in how this approach to political, epistemological, and ontological questions demands that we reconceptualize energy to account for the historical particularity of the concept and the phenomena of history and intersubjectivity, which are eschewed in a purely materialistic and quantitative conception of energy. We will see how energy has been complicit in the racialization of black and indigenous bodies, and how the privileged place that the concept of energy has occupied in the canon of western physics has served to obscure the theological, metaphysical, and cultural assumptions that constitute it.

Participative decision making: implications on organisational citizenship behaviour in a public higher education institution

Due to the authoritarian administrative style, used by educational institutions, where those in charge make decisions and middle and lower-level employees simply carry out orders without providing any input, participatory decision-making has gained popularity in the educational setting. Nevertheless, higher education institutions are at a crossroads since they are unsure how to handle the problems, posed by a highly dynamic environment, and the rapid changes that are occurring. Thus, academic staff has been required to take on extracurricular duties to enhance institutions to those that are formally outlined in their job descriptions. In this context, developing OCB and ensuring its sustainability has become increasingly crucial for boosting universities' effectiveness. Based on the social exchange theory, this study aims to assess how participative decision-making can constitute a key idea in modern management that impacts employees’ organisational citizenship behaviours in two campuses of a public higher education institution in South Africa. Data was collected from a post-positivist perspective, a quantitative research method, and a convenience sampling technique to select a sample of 253 academics, through a structured questionnaire. Based on the results of the descriptive analysis, employees reported a medium level of participative decision-making and agreed to display the five organisational citizenship behaviours. Using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression models, the study found a positive relationship between participative decision-making and the five dimensions of organisational citizenship behaviour. Therefore, the study recommends that employees should be more involved in the decision-making for them to display organisational citizenship behaviour. However, public higher education institutions should establish a strong data-driven culture and train staff members to be proficient in code and quantitative concepts; and senior management has to develop rules with open access to the most important metrics.

Simulation Cognitive Modeling Approach to the Regional Sustainable Complex System Development for Improving Quality of Life

This article presents study results of the region’s sustainable development possibility, thus improving the population’s life quality using cognitive simulation methods of complex systems. The main theoretical provisions of cognitive modeling developed and tested earlier in various socioeconomic system modeling are briefly outlined. The cognitive modeling application’s mathematical apparatus and CMCS software No. 2018661506 system were developed using quantitative data from one of Russia’s southern regions (Rostov oblast). The task was to study the region, model, understand, explain, and develop possible situation development scenarios, and foresee this complex system’s possible future outcome. The main statistical socioeconomic indicators of the state region were studied and processed. Data analysis necessary for developing and researching a cognitive model is given. The regional economic mechanism cognitive model is a functional graph consisting of quantitative and qualitative concepts. Between them, relationships are given in the form of functions, which is the novelty of research. The results of several scenarios of impulse modeling are presented, making it possible to predict future desirable and undesirable processes in the system. Scenario analysis was carried out, making it possible to propose a number of recommendations for the region’s sustainable development. A direction for the region’s development of further cognitive research is proposed.

Quantitative hydrogen and methane gas sensing via implementing AI based spectral analysis of plasma discharge

In this report we explore the feasibility of a quantitative gas detection system concept based on alternations in spectral emissions of a radio frequency power generated plasma in presence of a target gas. We then proceed with training a deep learning residual network computer vison model with the spectral data obtained from the plasma to be able to perform regressive calculation of the target gas content in the plasma. We explore this concept with hydrogen and methane gas present in the plasma at know quantities to evaluate the applicability of the concept as hydrogen or methane detection system. We will demonstrate that the system is well capable of quantitatively detecting either of the gases efficiently while it is challenging to estimate hydrogen content in presence of methane.

(Invited) Unification of Bulk Storage and Supercapacitive Storage

In typical insertion electrodes for batteries, the capacity is determined by bulk storage within the electroactive particles, which is comparatively well investigated and understood. In contrast, supercapacitor electrodes are dominated by interfacial storage at interfaces, which is well addressed experimentally. However the charge carrier chemistry (defect chemistry) especially in the latter case is not taken seriously. Consequently a bridge between the two important fields is absent. Following and extending our quantitative concept of job-sharing storage, a generalized description that includes bulk and space charge storage (electrochemical and supercapacitive storage) is possible. In other words the treatment of defect chemistry as a function of the degree of storage as well as of position is key to a unification. The experimental part of our research uses TiO2 and Nb2O5 thin films. The precise measurement of the storage capacity of thin films as a function of thickness allows us to deconvolute bulk and interfacial contributions. We discuss the results in terms of bulk and space charge capacitance. The generalized treatment that comprises both contributions shows also how the ratio of both varies with the degree of storage. Meanwhile exploiting various techniques (bias dependent impedance, TEM and EELS) electric field and charge distributions from bulk to the interface region are investigated. In the same context we study the space charge behavior in a discretized manner rather than by using the analytical Poisson-Boltzmann function. In this way a more precise definition and demarcation of electrode and double layer capacity is achieved. In terms of application we expect this work to provide a better understanding of energy and power densities of storage devices which becomes particularly important for nanoionic systems.

Multi-scenario analysis on hydrogen production development using PESTEL and FCM models

Governments efforts to reduce future emissions and change the trajectory of fossil fuel consumption must include widespread adoption of the Hydrogen (H2) promise. However, from a long-term viewpoint, inherent uncertainties drive the strategic vision of H2 development, usage and establishment. The future trends created by a variety of exogenous and endogenous elements, including Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors (PESTEL) are significantly influenced by these unpredictable volatilities as they come into play. The objective of this study is to recognize, define, and analyze significant PESTEL aspects influencing the dynamics of H2 energy in an unpredictably changing environment. Fuzzy Inference systems (FIS) and Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) methodologies were used for the case scenario of Greece to analyze how interrelated criteria from the previous categories interact dynamically and behave in a holistic approach. With the help of diverse quadruple helix stakeholders, a survey and three workshops were conducted to establish a participatory modeling framework with multi-level scenario analysis phases for the Greek use case. Initially, an FCM model was determined as an amalgamation of qualitative and quantitative valued concepts. This model was augmented by four more concepts related to Greek H2 production plants projecting future trends of this industry. We run several scenarios (including best and worst case) to analyze the influence of politics and regional economy to the growth of H2 production industry. The scenario of energy crisis depicts a limited positive trend of the hydrogen production. While the economy grows, and the crisis diminishes results show a stronger turn to the hydrogen production. Societal factors affect the process in all phases and scenarios. Results span from deterioration trends to slight improvements depending on the starting values of key criteria.

Assessment of Land Desertification and Its Drivers in Semi-Arid Alpine Mountains: A Case Study of the Qilian Mountains Region, Northwest China

Land desertification associated with climate change and human activities significantly impacts ecosystem functioning in semi-arid alpine mountains. However, accurately revealing the state of desertification risk and the drivers of its evolution is frequently difficult, especially in the semi-arid alpine mountains. A new theoretical framework that combined qualitative and quantitative concepts has been developed to enhance ecological risk assessment in semi-arid alpine mountains and reveal the causes of desertification. The PSR model, multi-layer hierarchical theory, hierarchical analysis, inverse cloud generating principles, field surveys, structured questionnaires, and remote sensing techniques are all combined in this method. Our results showed that the risk of desertification in the study area exhibited a fluctuating trend between 2000 and 2020, with a period of decrease, followed by an increase, and then a subsequent decrease. However, the risk status remained overall stable, remaining at a light desertification level during the entire period. Desertification risk is driven primarily by climate warming and humidification, which can cause the melting of ice/snow. Additionally, increased rainfall and freeze–thaw cycles can enhance soil erosion, further exacerbating the risk. Conversely, the implementation of environmental protection projects, such as the establishment of protected areas, efforts to restore forests and grasslands, and initiatives to conserve soil and water, has been effective in limiting the increase in desertification risk. These efforts serve as a counterforce to the negative impacts of climate change and human activity, highlighting the beneficial effects of human intervention in preventing desertification. High-altitude, high-topographic relief places have considerable desertification risk, mainly in the alpine desert. Due to geography, grazing, rodent and pest infestation, and wildlife, there is still a risk of desertification expanding in low elevation areas. There will be a greater urgency in the future to enhance the management of anthropogenic activities in the local environment in order to handle the growing threat of desertification caused by climate change. This study combined the interactions of the natural environment and human activities, filled a research gap in assessing desertification risk, and revealed its driving mechanisms, as well as provided a theoretical foundation for improving the integrity and sustainability of ecosystems in semi-arid alpine regions and elsewhere.

Optimal Design of Multilayer Optical Color Filters for Building‐Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Applications

Herein, the application of a comprehensive modeling framework that can help optimize the design of multilayered optical filters for coloring photovoltaic (PV) modules is presented based on crystalline silicon solar cells. To overcome technical issues related to the implementation of color filters (CFs) on PV modules, like glare and color instability, colorimetry metrics, such as the hue, chroma, luminance color space, and the quantitative concept of difference between two colors are extensively deployed. It is showcased in this work that designing colored modules with high hue and chroma stability is possible by using a front‐side texturing with edged geometry, like V‐shaped grooves and inverted pyramids, while obtaining colors with relatively high luminance values, indicating good brightness. Furthermore, it is argued that adapting the rear surface of the front glass with a random textured layout where the CF is applied can improve color and luminance stability without significant loss of chroma while eliminating glare. Finally, the models can be used to optimize the number of layers for a given CF, reducing unnecessary optical losses. Compared to a standard PV module, performance simulation of optimized, bright‐colored PV modules predicts relative energy yield losses ranging from 7% to 25%.

Assessing opportunities and inequities in undergraduate ecological forecasting education.

Conducting ecological research in a way that addresses complex, real-world problems requires a diverse, interdisciplinary and quantitatively trained ecology and environmental science workforce. This begins with equitably training students in ecology, interdisciplinary science, and quantitative skills at the undergraduate level. Understanding the current undergraduate curriculum landscape in ecology and environmental sciences allows for targeted interventions to improve equitable educational opportunities. Ecological forecasting is a sub-discipline of ecology with roots in interdisciplinary and quantitative science. We use ecological forecasting to show how ecology and environmental science undergraduate curriculum could be evaluated and ultimately restructured to address the needs of the 21st century workforce. To characterize the current state of ecological forecasting education, we compiled existing resources for teaching and learning ecological forecasting at three curriculum levels: online resources; US university courses on ecological forecasting; and US university courses on topics related to ecological forecasting. We found persistent patterns (1) in what topics are taught to US undergraduate students at each of the curriculum levels; and (2) in the accessibility of resources, in terms of course availability at higher education institutions in the United States. We developed and implemented programs to increase the accessibility and comprehensiveness of ecological forecasting undergraduate education, including initiatives to engage specifically with Native American undergraduates and online resources for learning quantitative concepts at the undergraduate level. Such steps enhance the capacity of ecological forecasting to be more inclusive to undergraduate students from diverse backgrounds and expose more students to quantitative training.

Spreadsheet to analyze the comparative of elasticities properties of aluminum alloy materials

Physics learning contains mathematical processes with various equations to interpret concepts or phenomena in the quantitative concept. Each material with different values owns material mechanical properties such as elasticity. Spreadsheets can help mathematical processes become more effective and efficient. The output of spreadsheets can be interpreted as graphs or diagrams that make it easier to understand concepts and compare the elasticity of each material. The material studied in this study is an aluminum alloy in terms of its elemental content. Spreadsheet analysis presents the values of the elasticity properties of each material in graphical form. The elasticity properties studied are the modulus of elasticity (Young modulus), yield strength (Yield strength), and maximum strength (Ultimate strength).

Prioritization of the concepts and skills in quantitative education for graduate students in biomedical science.

Substantial guidance is available on undergraduate quantitative training for biologists, including reports focused on biomedical science. Far less attention has been paid to the graduate curriculum and the particular challenges of the diversity of specialization within the life sciences. We propose an innovative approach to quantitative education that goes beyond recommendations of a course or set of courses or activities, derived from analysis of the expectations for students in particular programs. Due to the plethora of quantitative methods, it is infeasible to expect that biomedical PhD students can be exposed to more than a minority of the quantitative concepts and techniques employed in modern biology. We collected key recent papers suggested by the faculty in biomedical science programs, chosen to include important scientific contributions that the faculty consider appropriate for all students in the program to be able to read with confidence. The quantitative concepts and methods inherent in these papers were then analyzed and categorized to provide a rational basis for prioritization of those concepts to be emphasized in the education program. This novel approach to prioritization of quantitative skills and concepts provides an effective method to drive curricular focus based upon program-specific faculty input for science programs of all types. The results of our particular application to biomedical science training highlight the disconnect between typical undergraduate quantitative education for life science students, focused on continuous mathematics, and the concepts and skills in graphics, statistics, and discrete mathematics that arise from priorities established by biomedical science faculty. There was little reference in the key recent papers chosen by faculty to classic mathematical areas such as calculus which make up a large component of the formal undergraduate mathematics training of graduate students in biomedical areas.

DESIGN IN BOOKS FOR NEWBORNS

In the 21st century, the market for children’s illustrated books is rich in genres, design, and inclusion of interactive content. Depending on the contextual and illustrative content, products are labelled taking into account the division into age categories, the features of which are spelled out in the Federal Law No. 436-FZ of December 29, 2010 “On protecting children from information harmful to their health and development”. Belonging to a particular group is determined by the special needs that exist at each age and which are directly reflected in illustrations, textual material and plot. For example, books for preschool children up to and including 6 years of age are labelled 0+. To understand the design features of this category, it is necessary to study the needs and abilities of the group, as books must be adapted to the needs of their audience. Age can be understood as an absolute and quantitative concept, as well as stages in the processes of physiological and psychological development. In the history of child psychology, there are several variations of age periodization: according to an external criterion (R. Zazzo), an internal criterion (P. Blonsky) and complex age criteria (L. Vygotsky, D. Elkonin, V. Slobodchikov and others). A book is a symbiosis of textual and illustrative material, and interaction with it, especially in the early stages of development, involves (“switches on”) all sensory systems and affects mental development. Therefore, the periodization of Vygotsky formed the basis for the study of design in children’s interactive books. In Vygotsky’s works, it is worth noting that the category 0+ includes several age periods: the neonatal crisis (0–2 months), the stable period of infancy (2 months — 1 year), the crisis of the first year of life, stable early childhood (1–3 years), crisis of three years, stable preschool age (3 years — 6 years). After birth, a child begins a consistent, literally weekly, development of physiological and psychological functions, in parallel with this, his or her needs and interests are lined up. For this reason, it was decided to study the characteristics of each of the groups and the consistency of the design in classic books and books with the inclusion of interactive content for children under 6 years old. The article considers the period of infancy up to 1 year. At a very early age, babies are not yet able to understand the plot or recognize objects in the illustrations, name them. However, it is at this time that the base of the passive vocabulary is formed, the first acquaintance with the outside world and the work of mirror neurons begins, and all of the above is based on emotional experience, which the child receives from the environment. The design of children’s books for newborns is based on physiological features: the beginning of the development of fine motor skills, skills in handling objects; black and white perception of reality; later — addition of red, green, blue and yellow colours; realism of images to build a recognizable picture of the world, the minimum amount of a text message adapted to the understanding and development of basic speech (abbreviations in the form of onomatopoeia for the names of objects); safe materials for self-interaction. Thus, a book for newborns is aimed at a child’s first acquaintance with the world around, the development of the sensory system, fine motor skills, and primary socialisation with close adults.