Quantitatively Research Articles

Interdisciplinary Scientific Evidence for a New Agenda on The Challenges of Operations Management in the Built Environment in Brazil

Objective: This study aimed to identify scientific evidence concerning the legal dimension of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Brazil, serving as a foundation for guidelines on a new agenda addressing the challenges of operations management with a specific focus on university intellectual property (IP) in the built environment. Theoretical Framework: Two theoretical axes were addressed: (1) Innovation and the legal dimension of AI and (2) Intellectual property (IP) in the university context. Method: The research was exploratory and descriptive, employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches, carried out through: (a) a bibliographic review; (b) empirical research, with textual analysis. Voyant Tools software was used for the analysis. Results and Discussion: The results of the textual analysis, including Cirrus and Link, revealed six scientific pieces of evidence, enabling the development of a robust set of guidelines on the subject. Research Implications: The research provided insights that supported the proposal of a new agenda, fostering a feedback loop between theory and practice on the topic. Originality/Value: The interdisciplinary approach to the topic underscores the originality of this research. Its value lies in broadening the debate on management in the built environment, highlighting the role of AI and university IP, topics with great potential to contribute to innovations in the bidirectional flow between academia and the labor market.

Strengthening Judicial Independence, Accountability Enhancing, International Cooperation on Justice and Human Rights

The purpose of this study is to investigate the opportunities and problems that South Africa's rule of law and equitable access to justice face. The primary barriers to applying these concepts are identified, and potential solutions and strategies to address these problems are examined. Main Topics: Apartheid's legacy and its continuing effects on equitable access to justice and the rule of law. the obstacles to justice that underprivileged populations must overcome, such as prejudice, poverty, and racial inequity. The function of civil society groups, law enforcement, and the court in advancing equitable access to justice and the rule of law. The effectiveness of existing legal frameworks and institutions in addressing the challenges faced by South Africans. Possible fixes and tactics to improve South Africa's legal system and equitable access to justice. Principal arguments The rule of law and equitable access to justice in South Africa are still greatly impacted by the legacy of apartheid. persons from marginalized groups, such as women, persons of color, and those with impairments, have particular difficulties getting access to the legal system. In order to advance the rule of law and equitable access to justice, the judiciary, law enforcement, and civil society groups are essential parties. It's possible that the institutions and legal structures in place are insufficient to handle the problems South Africans confront. The judicial system could be strengthened, legal services could be more easily accessed, corruption could be stopped, and underlying social and economic inequality might be addressed. Methodological approach: A mixed-methods strategy is used in this study to combine quantitative and qualitative research techniques. Comprehensive information on the experiences of disadvantaged populations and the obstacles they encounter in obtaining justice was gathered via the use of qualitative research techniques such focus groups, interviews, and case studies. Surveys and statistical analysis are examples of quantitative research methodologies that were used to examine data on the impact of policy initiatives, the prevalence of legal concerns, and the efficiency of legal institutions. Relevance. Policymakers, attorneys, and civil society organizations that support the rule of law and equitable access to justice in South Africa should take note of the research's important conclusions. The research gives suggestions for resolving these issues as well as insightful information on the difficulties marginalized people face. Audience: Policymakers, attorneys, academics, and civil society groups working on problems pertaining to the rule of law and equitable access to justice in South Africa are the main recipients of this study. However, the general public can also find interest in the research's findings. In conclusion, a just and equitable society in South Africa requires the rule of law and equal access to the judicial system. Even though there has been a great deal of progress since apartheid ended, there are still big obstacles to overcome. In order to create a society that is more inclusive and just, South Africa must confront these issues and put practical solutions into place. Keywords : Rule of Law, Supremacy of Law, Legal Equality, Accountability, Transparency, Fairness, Justice, Equal Access to Justice, Legal Aid, Pro Bono Services, Judicial Independence, Human Rights, Discrimination, Marginalized Communities, South Africa: Apartheid, Transition to Democracy, Constitutional Democracy, Racial Inequality, Poverty, Corruption, Challenges, Judicial Independence, Access to Justice, Corruption, Inequality, Discrimination, Limited Resources, Geographical Location, Solutions: Strengthening the Judiciary, Improving Access to Justice, Combating Corruption, Addressing Racial Inequality, Investing in Rural Development, Promoting Legal Literacy, International Cooperation, Theoretical Frameworks, Critical Legal Studies, Social Justice Theory, Human Rights Theory, Intersectionality Theory, Governance Theory.

The Design and Development of Dabujiang Patchwork Embroidery for Modern Bags

Background and Aim: Dabujiang patchwork embroidery, an intangible cultural handicraft with the longest heritage in southern Hunan, has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its unique characteristics. However, these products are facing a situation of decline because they cannot meet the needs of modern people. The objective of this research article is to design and develop modern bags featuring Dabujiang patchwork embroidery patterns for women in contemporary society. Materials and Methods: This research is a combination of qualitative research and quantitative research. The qualitative research method was used to study the color, pattern, and meaning of characteristics from 54 pieces of 6 theme categories of Dabujiang product pictures. Interview intangible cultural inheritors, designers, bag shop owners, and women consumers to understand modern women's design needs for women's bags. Combining the characteristics of the Dabujiang pattern characteristics with the needs of modern women, the design and development of six new Dabujiang women's bags based on 6 theme categories. Through 424 questionnaires for women to assess the women's favorite new bags and analyze the reasons women like and find out the future trend of women's bag development. Results: The results of the research revealed: 1) The patterns based on the six categories have different symbolic meanings respectively and they are mainly bionic and geometric patterns. The lines are curves, and the layout is generally symmetrical and balanced. 2) There are 11 kinds of common colors and mainly based on the five orthodox colors of Chinese tradition. The main colors are red, blue, yellow, black, and white, representing the five traditional Chinese elements, which extend different meanings. 3) Through interviews find out young women prefer large bags of bag 1 style, the Morandi color scheme, and meanings of happiness, love, career success, luck, wealth, and beauty. Consequently, the researcher designed six bag styles based on bag 1 style and six theme categories to meet the needs of modern women associated with these six meanings. Questionnaire responses from 424 young women showed that 23.58% favored the Phoenix pattern bag style, making it the most preferred among the six new bag designs. This style showcases a phoenix motif in blue, white, and black colors, symbolizing career success. Conclusion: The findings indicate that modern women highly value career success and self-worth, prioritizing independence over traditional roles. This conclusion mainly stems from the transformation of modern women's roles and the awakening of self-awareness. In addition to assuming the role of mother in the family, modern women also play the role of professional women in society, and more and more women regard career success as their pursuit goal. In the context of the changing identity and goals of modern women, the products should be designed that meet the needs of modern women based on their needs, combined with the symbolic meaning of cultural patterns. For future product development, incorporating symbolic patterns that align with the career aspirations of modern young women is recommended.

Female students' participation (over the years) in esports and its implications on psychological conditions, communication, and virtual gaming risks

eSport is a sport of choice and is quite popular, especially among young people, including women. This virtual sport has been developed entirely with various ways to play. At the same time, there is a negative paradigm of eSport games for women in Indonesia, including damaging vision, causing numbness in the hands, forgetting to eat, being introverted, and using harsh language. From a cultural perspective, women who play eSport are considered to violate the nature of women because they reflect masculine characteristics. This study uses quantitative research with a causal-comparative design to examine the effect of female students' participation in playing eSports on psychological development, communication skills, and the risks of virtual games. The research data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially (Multivariate Analysis of Variance). The analysis results prove a simultaneous influence between eSport participation (duration of playing) and ​​female students' psychological conditions, communication, and virtual game risks. In partial testing, eSport participation only significantly affected the communication skills variable of female students, while the other two variables did not. Future research needs to conduct qualitative investigations to explore the clinical experiences of female gamers that help them train their communication skills. Given the existence of various gender discriminatory behaviours in eSports, female gamers may have good communication to protect themselves from the threat of discrimination, or vice versa.

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Spirit of Business Actors on MSME Performance During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Palopo City with Digital Marketing as an Intervening Variable

The study examined the influence of the entrepreneurial spirit of business actors on performance. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprisesduring the covid-19 pandemic in Palopo City with digital marketing as an intervening variable. The type of research is quantitative research with a structural equation model approach. The results of the study showed that no direction of the relationship between the entrepreneurial spirit of MSME entrepreneurs (Ƹ) and the financial performance of MSME entrepreneurs (ῃ2) in Palopo City during the covid-19 pandemic, there was a real relationship or significant influence of the entrepreneurial spirit of MSME entrepreneurs (Ƹ) on digital marketing (ῃ1) during the covid-19 pandemic. there is a relationship and real or significant influence of digital marketing (ῃ1) on the performance of MSMEs (ῃ2), there is an indication, when the spirit or entrepreneurial spirit expressed in hard work activities, innovation expressed by the application of creative ideas, and creativity in the form of statements of the ability to apply something new in entrepreneurship, as well as the basis of belief in success during the Covid-19 pandemic which if quantified by 1 then marketing efforts with dropshipper or reseller activities, namely a statement of the entrepreneur's initial understanding to understand various factors in digital marketing through copywriting, namely a statement that states arousing curiosity and interest for prospective consumers and existing consumers and thematic pacebook pages and Instagram, namely statements about efforts to attract potential buyers and buyers quickly, then the performance of MSMEs in Palopo City has increased by 0.850 or 85%. Digital marketing is able to mediate the entrepreneurial spirit of MSME business actors towards the performance of MSMEs in Palopo City during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Upholding the Rule of Law: A Path to Global Prosperity

The purpose of this study is to investigate the opportunities and problems that South Africa's rule of law and equitable access to justice face. The primary barriers to applying these concepts are identified, and potential solutions and strategies to address these problems are examined. Main Topics: Apartheid's legacy and its continuing effects on equitable access to justice and the rule of law. the obstacles to justice that underprivileged populations must overcome, such as prejudice, poverty, and racial inequity. The function of civil society groups, law enforcement, and the court in advancing equitable access to justice and the rule of law. The effectiveness of existing legal frameworks and institutions in addressing the challenges faced by South Africans. Possible fixes and tactics to improve South Africa's legal system and equitable access to justice. Principal arguments The rule of law and equitable access to justice in South Africa are still greatly impacted by the legacy of apartheid. persons from marginalized groups, such as women, persons of color, and those with impairments, have particular difficulties getting access to the legal system. In order to advance the rule of law and equitable access to justice, the judiciary, law enforcement, and civil society groups are essential parties. It's possible that the institutions and legal structures in place are insufficient to handle the problems South Africans confront. The judicial system could be strengthened, legal services could be more easily accessed, corruption could be stopped, and underlying social and economic inequality might be addressed. Methodological approach: A mixed-methods strategy is used in this study to combine quantitative and qualitative research techniques. Comprehensive information on the experiences of disadvantaged populations and the obstacles they encounter in obtaining justice was gathered via the use of qualitative research techniques such focus groups, interviews, and case studies. Surveys and statistical analysis are examples of quantitative research methodologies that were used to examine data on the impact of policy initiatives, the prevalence of legal concerns, and the efficiency of legal institutions. Relevance. Policymakers, attorneys, and civil society organizations that support the rule of law and equitable access to justice in South Africa should take note of the research's important conclusions. The research gives suggestions for resolving these issues as well as insightful information on the difficulties marginalized people face. Audience: Policymakers, attorneys, academics, and civil society groups working on problems pertaining to the rule of law and equitable access to justice in South Africa are the main recipients of this study. However, the general public can also find interest in the research's findings. In conclusion, a just and equitable society in South Africa requires the rule of law and equal access to the judicial system. Even though there has been a great deal of progress since apartheid ended, there are still big obstacles to overcome. In order to create a society that is more inclusive and just, South Africa must confront these issues and put practical solutions into place.

Transformative Assessment Review

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in education and the workforce necessitates that students acquire critical competencies, including digital literacy, data integrity, and ethical AI use, to navigate an increasingly AI-driven world. Equally, academic staff must be upskilled to effectively guide students in the ethical and practical applications of AI. This project examines how a private higher education (HE) institute has modified its Quality Assessment Framework (QAF) to incorporate an AI competence dimension, improve HE assessment and foster students’ competencies. This new dimension complements the existing QAF elements—Intellectual Quality, Significance, and Student Support to ensure a holistic approach in preparing students for AI-integrated academic and professional environments. This project’s framework and innovative tools, such as the enhanced QAF and an AI-driven Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) assessment review tool, support educators in adapting curriculum and assessment design, and empower them to integrate AI competencies seamlessly into the curriculum. The development of these tools drew upon established frameworks, particularly the QAF (Gore et al., 2009) and the AI Assessment Scale (AIAS) by Perkins et al. (2024), which categorises AI usage across five levels, guides assessment reviews and ensures consistent standards for AI integration in student work. A trial, conducted across selected disciplines at the institute, involved academic staff as assessment reviewers and utilised the GPT tool to streamline the assessment review process by aiding in feedback provision, coding, and suggestions for improvement. Evaluation of the tool includes qualitative and quantitative methodologies, gathering academic feedback on usability, clarity, and effectiveness, as well as comparative studies to assess review time and quality before and after GPT integration. Usability testing evaluates workflow compatibility, while academic performance data provide insights into the tool’s impact on student outcomes. Initial results on the tool’s success in enhancing assessment alignment with institutional goals and fostering a comprehensive understanding of AI competence were also examined. Developing and implementing these tools has presented challenges, including the complexity of aligning them with diverse curriculum needs across disciplines, the time investment required for staff training, and the necessity of continuous updates to keep pace with AI technology. Addressing these challenges has been crucial to ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of these solutions. This digital poster provides insights into the project, covering its development process, trial outcomes, challenges encountered, and future directions for integrating AI competence in higher education assessments.

Visual grading of valvular regurgitation is inferior to measurement – results from the VIAVA-study (VIsual Assessment of VAlvular Regurgitation)

While the visual estimation of systolic left ventricular function by experienced examiners closely aligns with quantitative methodologies, the accuracy of visual estimation in determining the severity of valvular regurgitation using colour flow Doppler assessment of native heart valves remains largely unexplored. This study analysed the ability of 262 physicians to visually estimate the severity of 12 native valve regurgitations by grading colour Doppler transthoracic echocardiography loops in an online questionnaire. The assessments of the participants were compared to standardized quantitative evaluations conducted by certified echocardiography experts. Of the three valves to assess, evaluations by the participants showed the best correlation (Rs = 0.75, p < 0.0001) and agreement (percent agreement: 66.4%) with those of the experts in mitral valve regurgitation (MR). High agreement was observed for mild regurgitation across all valves (MR 94.5%, AR 80.3% and TR 88.7%), while consensus diminished in moderate (MR 55.9%, AR 49.5% and TR 55.0%) and severe regurgitation (MR 57.6%, AR 67.4%, TR 14.6%). The study underscores the potential utility of visual estimation of valvular regurgitation in clinical settings for identifying clinically relevant regurgitations. However, our findings also highlight the importance of integrating visual estimation with quantitative methods, particularly in moderate and severe cases of regurgitation.

Self-Defense Training for Enhancing Self-Esteem: Sexual Harassment Preventive Strategy—A Pilot Study among High School Girls of Coastal Region of Karnataka, India

Abstract Background Sexual harassment is a major public issue among teens. As a result, encouraging teenage girls to claim their rights and providing an atmosphere free of prejudice and violence is vital. Promoting high self-esteem may minimize the probability of teenagers experiencing the negative repercussions of harassment. Objective This study sought to explore the potential of self-defense training to enhance self-esteem among high school girls. Methods A quantitative research approach with quasi-experimental design was adopted. Three government high schools from seven clusters were randomly selected from Mangalore South Zone and 38 high school girls were recruited (control group =18 from two schools and intervention group =20 from one school). Data were collected using sociodemographic proforma and Rosenberg self-esteem scale. After pretest, eight sessions of self-defense training were conducted and a posttest was administered with an interval of 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months after the intervention. Ethical approval for the study was obtained. Results A significant difference was found between the self-esteem scores of the intervention and control groups (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion This study revealed that the self-defense training was effective in enhancing self-esteem. Enhancement of self-esteem and awareness of self-protection is key to remaining free from violence, assault, and harassment.

The Influence of the Relay Learning Method to Improve the Social and Emotional Abilities of Early Childhood in the Rehobot Ambon Christian Kindergarten

The research aims to determine the effect of the relay learning method to improve the social-emotional abilities of young children at the Rehobot Ambon Christian Kindergarten. With a population of 30 people and a sample of 14 people. This research uses a quantitative research approach with a quasi-experimental approach. With pre-experimental designs in the form of a one-group pretest and post-test design. Data collection techniques use observation techniques. Data analysis techniques use normality tests and t-tests. The results of the paired samples t-test had a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, indicating a significant difference between the pre-test and the post-test. This shows that there is a significant influence on the differences in treatment given. In accordance with the criteria, if the significant value is &lt;0.05 it means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Educators need to apply the ball relay method to improve children's social and emotional skills. School principals motivate teachers to be more motivated in implementing various meaningful learning methods, as well as providing opportunities for teachers to develop themselves through various self-development activities. Keywords: method, relay learning, social-emotional, Christian Kindergarten

Uncovering bacterial-mammalian cell interactions via single-cell tracking

BackgroundThe interactions between bacterial pathogens and host cells are characterized by a multitude of complexities, leading to a wide range of heterogeneous outcomes. Despite extensive research, we still have a limited understanding of how bacterial motility in complex environments impacts their ability to tolerate antibiotics and adhere to mammalian cell surfaces. The challenge lies in unraveling the complexity of these interactions and developing quantitative microscopy approaches to predict the behavior of bacterial populations.ResultsTo address this challenge, we directed our efforts towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogenic bacterium known for producing thick films in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, and Escherichia coli, used as a proof of concept to develop and demonstrate our single-cell tracking approaches. Our results revealed that P. aeruginosa exhibits diverse and complex interactions on mammalian cell surfaces, such as adhesion, rotational motion, and swimming, unlike the less interactive behavior of Escherichia coli. Our analysis indicated that P. aeruginosa demonstrated lower mean-squared displacement (MSD) values and greater adherence to mammalian cells compared to E. coli, which showed higher MSD slopes and less frequent adherence. Genetic mutations in membrane proteins of P. aeruginosa resulted in altered displacement patterns and reduced adhesion, with the ΔfliD mutant displaying a more Gaussian displacement distribution and significantly less adherence to mammalian cells. Adhesion and tolerance mechanisms are diverse and complex, potentially involving distinct pathways; however, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting the fliD gene (encoding a critical flagellum protein), as its deletion not only reduced adherence but also antibiotic tolerance.ConclusionsOverall, our findings underscore the importance of single cell tracking in accurately assessing bacterial behavior over short time periods and highlight its significant potential in guiding effective intervention strategies.

Strategy for Improving the Quality of Education in Muhammadiyah Schools

This study aims to analyze the SWOT, IFE, and EFE of Muhammadiyah Schools in Bengkulu City. The study was conducted at Muhammadiyah Schools in Bengkulu City from September to November 2023. The research methodology used includes quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitatively, data was obtained by distributing questionnaires via Google Form to 54 respondents and qualitatively conducting interviews with 4 respondents representing elements of Muhammadiyah education figures, Aisyiyah, lecturers, and Muhammadiyah teachers. The results of the study indicate that: 1) There are 10 indicators of strength, 9 indicators of weakness, 6 indicators of opportunity, and 5 indicators of threat in Muhammadiyah schools, and there are 12 SO, WO, ST, and WT strategies that can be applied for the progress and development of Muhammadiyah school education, 2) The value of internal factor analysis (IFE) is 2.85 with a moderate category, and the value of external factor analysis (EFE) is 2.6 with a moderate category, and 3) Muhammadiyah schools in Bengkulu city from kindergarten, elementary school/MMI, junior high school/MMTS, and senior high school/MMA are in quadrant V, namely in a condition of maintaining and maintaining. The recommended strategy for the progress and development of Muhammadiyah schools is a strategy that is aggressively penetrating the community to convince the general public that Muhammadiyah schools can be the main choice, and also a strategy for developing Muhammadiyah schools into superior schools is needed through curriculum changes, radical changes in the school’s vision and mission, and improvements in internal quality, both human resources and related infrastructure.

Visual Representation of Gender in Morocco's Earthquake Coverage in International News Channel

This study aimed at identifying the way of Media's framing of gender while covering Twitter official accounts for the international news channels concerning Morocco's earthquake. To achieve the study objectives. The researchers used quantitative and qualitative content-analysis approach by using MAXQDA software. Adopted in Ali (2014), where similar sample-selection way and analysis categories were used. The study’s findings indicate that Al-Jazeera account was the most publishing site to mixed images (males/ females) with a total of 22 images, whereas (CNN) account was the most publishing site to women's images with a total of 17 images. The results of image-analysis, according to the category, revealed that the most common category was “helplessness” with a percentage of 46%. The images of “weakness and sickliness” were identical for the mixed and women's images, whereas only one image was for men. This revealed that women have usually been amongst the weakest categories that were more exposed to risks in case of natural disasters, such as earthquakes and floods. Image analysis revealed that the means of media supports the idea that some housework tasks are exclusive for women, and that those tasks may increase in times of natural disasters. Some images revealed that women remain physically strong and attempt to overcome this disaster, where they could break the stereotypical view implying that women are helpless in times of crises.

Socio-economic Dimensions of Forest Honey (Bees dorsata) Business Development in Hiay Wetar Village, Southwest Maluku

This research aims to 1) Understand the socio-economic characteristics of the community in developing the forest honey business - Apis dorsata bees. 2) Analyze the level of income from the forest honey business - Apis dorsata bees by the community in Hiay-Wetar village, Southwest Maluku. The research was conducted in Hiay Wetar village, Southwest Maluku in January-February 2024 using a purposive sampling method with 25 families as respondents. Primary and secondary data were taken through direct observation and interviews with respondents. The data obtained were analyzed using a quantitative and descriptive qualitative approach. The research results show that the social characteristics of the community greatly influence the respondents' activities in collecting/harvesting forest honey, namely age, education level, experience in collecting forest honey, number of family dependents, and income. Collecting honey bee hives starts with marking the tree, harvesting and packaging the honey is still done using simple production equipment and traditional techniques based on local knowledge and wisdom from generation to generation. The collection of forest honey by the people of Hiay Wetar village is called "cut wani "which means cut honey" and air wani which means honey bee water. In a year there are two honey harvests (cut wani), namely in April – June and October – December with a total production of 1500 liters per year and total sales of IDR 180,000,000/year. Net income of IDR 169,915,000.00 and R/C return ratio analysis of the honey business has a decent ratio with flat R/C = IDR 18.03. Keywords: economy, Apis dorsata bees, income, social, forest honey

Breaking Barriers: Research and Development of Infinity Vocabulary Game App to Improve English Vocabulary of Fifth Graders

Learning English at the primary school level holds significant relevance in preparing students to face global challenges in the future. Appropriate technology can support English language Learning, allowing students to experience maximum development. This research elaborates on developing and utilizing the Infinity Vocabulary Game App, which is tailored to meet the needs and enhance the English vocabulary of grade 5 students in Tangerang. The study utilized the ADDIE model, which covered analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, along with a quantitative experimental approach. A pretest-posttest design was applied involving 66 participants of grade 5 students from SDN Sewan Kebon, divided into an experimental group (28 students), a control group (28 students), and a small-scale test group (10 students). Data collection tools, including observations, interviews, rubrics, questionnaires, and the Infinity game application, have been validated by experts. The N-Gain test showed a high effectiveness score of 0.72. The Mann-Whitney test revealed significant differences in average scores between the experimental and control groups. The research indicated that the Infinity game application was efficient and significantly improved students' English vocabulary. Furthermore, the students experienced high satisfaction and motivation when using the Infinity game application.

The Trichotomy of Internationalization of Higher Education, Emigration and Social Policies: a National Level Research Case in Albania on University Youth as Potential Emigrants

Aim: The research aims to analyse the trichotomy of the main pillars (education, emigration, and policies) by measuring the opinions of youth, based on the tendency of new emigration flows, the education in university that prepares them as highly skilled workers for global trades (due to curricula, contemporary preparation with knowledge according to the labour market acquisitions, and internationalisation policies), and the identification of push factors of emigration of university youth as the new and current emigration tendencies in Albania. Methods: To guarantee a national-level measurement of the university youth emigration potential, due to the mentioned indicators, the empirical data gained from the quantitative online survey research on the measurement of opinions of (N=1010) Albanian university youth, at the national level of (N=7) (all) public universities in Albania, in (N=13) departments on social sciences profile, analysed by the Statistical program IMB SPSS 26, in different statistical approach analysis, such as descriptive, frequency, cross-tabs and Kurtosis. Results: Measuring the indicators, the results show that the internationalisation of universities prepares students for the international labour market, current social policies do not favour them in the labour market, and the current economic, political and social factors turned on the main push factors of potential emigration of university youth. Conclusion: The internationalisation of universities prepares students with skills for local and international labour markets. Still, the current economic, social, and cultural anomic situation and the lack of efficient employment policies are the main push factors for the emigration of university youth as high-skill workers.

Teacher Support and Student Engagement in the Conduct of Blended Learning Instruction for English as A Foreign Language

With the deep integration of information technology and education, blended learning has emerged as a new paradigm in higher education, combining the strengths of both online and offline learning environments. This approach allows English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners, particularly in the Chinese context, to engage in flexible and continuous learning beyond traditional classroom settings, thereby fostering greater student initiative and self-directed learning. Understanding the impact of teacher support on student engagement within this blended learning framework is crucial for optimizing educational outcomes. This study employed a quantitative descriptive comparative and correlational research design to examine the relationship between various forms of teacher support—instructional, emotional, feedback, and interpersonal—and student engagement among 307 Chinese EFL learners in a blended learning environment. The findings reveal that all forms of teacher support were perceived as high, with feedback provision ranking highest. Similarly, student engagement was also rated highly across behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and social domains. The Pearson correlation coefficient between teacher support and student engagement was found to be 0.75, indicating a significant positive relationship. Based on these findings, a program aimed at enhancing teacher support to further improve student engagement in blended learning environments was developed and recommended.

The Effect of Digital Analytics Capacity and Open Eco-Innovation on The Reduction And Waste Of Grain Losses

Objective: The study aims to analyze the effect of digital capacity and open process and management eco-innovation on the reduction and disposal of grain losses. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, digital analysis capacity and open eco-innovation are presented, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a quantitative approach, with grain companies in Brazil. Data was collected through a questionnaire, in which 175 responses were obtained and analyzed using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results/Discussion: The results obtained revealed that open-process eco-innovation helps in the prevention and disposal of grain losses. In contrast, open management eco-innovation helps in the disposal of grain losses. Furthermore, open process and management eco-innovation mediate the relationship between digital analysis capability and the allocation of grain losses. Research Implications: Practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in subject management and sustainability. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature on open process and management eco-innovation as an intermediary mechanism to explore the relationship between digital analysis capability and the prevention and allocation of grain losses. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by showing managers strategies and ways to prevent grain losses that occur in the production, post-harvest, and processing phases.

Homeotic and nonhomeotic patterns in the tetrapod vertebral formula

Vertebrate development and phylogeny are intimately connected through the vertebral formula, the numerical distribution of vertebrae along the body axis into different categories such as neck and chest. A key window into this relationship is through the conserved Hox gene clusters. Hox gene expression boundaries align with vertebral boundaries, and their manipulation in model organisms often results in the transformation of one vertebral type into its neighbor, a homeotic transformation. If the variety in the vertebrate body plan is produced by homeotic shifts, then the number of adjacent vertebrae will be inversely related when making interspecies comparisons since the gain in one vertebra is due to the loss in its neighbor. To date, such a pattern across species consistent with homeotic transitions has only been found in the thoracolumbar vertebral count of mammals. To further investigate potential homeotic relationships in other vertebrate classes and along the entire body axis, we compiled a comprehensive dataset of complete tetrapod vertebral formulas and systematically searched for patterns by analyzing combinations of vertebrae. We uncovered mammalian homeotic patterns and found balances between distal vertebrae not anticipated by a Hox-vertebral homeotic relationship, including one that emerged during the progression from theropods to birds. We also identified correlations between vertebral counts and intergenic distances in the HoxB gene cluster which do not align with the common picture of a colinear relationship between Hox expression and vertebral categories. This quantitative approach revises our expectations for the diversity of a Hox-mediated vertebrate body plan.

Examining the Influence of Transformational Leadership Style on Teachers’ Performance in 12 Year-Basic Education in Nyaruguru District, Rwanda

While numerous studies determined leadership styles in schools, limited research addresses the specific impact of transformational leadership on teachers’ performance in 12-year Basic Education. This study examined influence of transformational leadership on teachers’ performance in 12 Year Basic Education in Nyaruguru district, Rwanda. The study employed quantitative approach with correlational design, utilizing regression analysis and correlational analysis. This study used the sample of 164 teachers from 12 schools in Nyaruguru district. Proportional sampling determined the number of teachers from each school, and simple random sampling selected individual respondents. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using regression and correlation techniques with SPSS (version 27). Results indicate a significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and teacher performance: individualized influence accounts for 71% of performance variation, idealized influence 70.6%, intellectual stimulation 58.8%, and inspirational motivation 45.9%. Increased use of transformational leadership by headteachers enhances teachers' performance in instructional planning, student assessment, and parental collaboration. The study recommends that the government provide guideline documents on transformational leadership for schools and encourages headteachers to adopt this style to enhance teacher performance.