Quantification Of Gallic Acid Research Articles

Mixture Design-driven Statistical Optimization and Method Validation in HPTLC: Targeting Rutin, Quercetin, and Gallic Acid

Rutin (RT), Quercetin (QT), and Gallic Acid (GA) are recognized for their potent antioxidant and anticancer properties, prevalent across numerous plant species. The precise quantification of RT, QT, and GA is pivotal for evaluating the therapeutic potential of plant-based substances. In response, a new, straightforward, cost-effective, and reliable method using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) has been developed and validated for the quantification of these compounds. The mobile phase optimization employed a mixture design approach, achieving chromatographic separation with a mobile phase mixture of toluene, ethyl acetate, menthol, and formic acid at specific ratios (3.56:3.70:0.94:1.80 v/v/v/v/v/v/v/v). Silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates were utilized for the analysis. The retention factors (Rf) observed for RT, GA, and QT were 0.21, 0.58, and 0.74, respectively. This method demonstrated a robust linear relationship for concentrations ranging from 400 to 2000 ng per band, with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9921 for RT, 0.9936 for QT, and 0.9912 for GA. The Limits of Detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were established at 100.84, 102.38, and 84.54 ng per band for LOD, and 305.58, 310.25, and 256.18 ng per band for LOQ, respectively, for RT, QT, and GA. This validated HPTLC method developed through a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach was successfully employed for the quantification of GA, QT, and RT from the fruits of Adansonia digitata and leaves of Grewia asiatica ethanolic extracts.

Standardization and Evaluation of Triphala Juice and Quantification of Gallic Acid as a Biomarker by Analytical Techniques

Background:: Standardization of Triphala Juice was performed by using the WHO Guidelines. The Parameters included Preliminary Analysis, Phytochemical Identification, Heavy Metal Estimation, etc. A new simple, specific, precise and accurate UV Spectrophotometric, High-Performance Liquid Methods: Chromatography and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography method has been developed for the Estimation of Gallic Acid in pure form. The UV- Spectrophotometric method was developed using Schimadzu 1800 UV - Visible spec-trophotometer using methanol as a solvent. The method was shown to be linear, with a detection wavelength of 273 nm for Gallic Acid. The separation was achieved on the Schimadzu Prominence-I RP-HPLC and the column used was C18 column using mobile phase consisting of mixture of Methanol: 0.1% OPA (50:50). The detection was carried out at 280 nm with a flow rate of 0.7ml/min. The retention time for Gallic Acid was found 3.89 minutes. The calibration curve was found linear (r2 = 0.999) for RP- HPLC method. The HPTLC method was developed using Aetron Sprayline instrument, Methanol as solvent and mobile phase consisting of Toluene: Ethyl Acetate: Formic Acid: Methanol (3:3:0.9:0.2). The method was found linear and the wavelength of detection for Gallic Acid was 254nm, respectively. The percentage recoveries for both methods were found in the 98.0- 102.0% range. Results:: The methods were validated in accordance with International Conference on harmoniza-tion acceptance criteria for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and system suita-bility. The excipients did not interfere in the determination of Gallic acid in Triphala Juice. Conclusion:: The suggested approach was effectively implemented for the quantitative determina-tion of gallic acid in Triphala juice, which would aid in quality control

Microwave extraction and molecular imprinted polymer isolation of bergenin applied to the dendrochronological chemical study of Peltophorum dubium

This study describes methodologies for extracting and isolating bergenin, a C-glucoside of 4-O-methylgallic acid found in some plants and it presents various in vitro and in vivo biological activities. Bergenin was previously obtained from the Pelthophorum dubim (Fabaceae) roots with a good yield. Conventional chromatographic procedures of the CHCl3 soluble fraction of the MeOH extract gave 3.62% of this glucoside. An HPLC/DAD method was also developed and validated for bergenin and its precursor, gallic acid quantifications. Microwave extractions with different solvents were tested to optimize the extraction of bergenin, varying the temperature and time. MAE (Microwave Assisted Extraction) was more efficient than conventional extraction procedures, giving a higher yield of bergenin per root mass (0.45% vs. 0.0839%). Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) based on bergenin as the template molecule, methacrylic acid, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Bergenin adsorption experiments using MIP and NIP followed by molecular imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) showed that MIP had a higher selectivity for bergenin than NIP. A dendrochronological study using the proposed method for detection and quantification of gallic acid and bergenin in five P. dubium growth rings of a 31-year-old heartwood and in the phelloderm and barks indicated that bergenin was more abundant in the 11–14th growth rings of the heartwood and decreased from the heartwood to the barks.

Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of Emblica officinalis and quantification of gallic acid by HPTLC

Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of Emblica officinalis and quantification of gallic acid by HPTLC

Phytochemical and Chromatographic Studies of Medicinal Plant Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Stem Bark and Inner Wood Combinations for Judicious Utilization

Terminalia arjuna, is an important medicinal plant mainly used for cardiovascular ailments in the traditional Indian system of medicine Ayurveda. The stem bark of T. arjuna is generally employed in Ayurvedic formulations. The present study undertakes the possibilities of judicious utilization of stem bark and inner wood combinations of T. arjuna instead of bark alone in herbal medicines. Different combinations of bark and inner wood portions were prepared and extracted. Preliminary phytochemical analyses by qualitative tests, and quantitative estimations of total phenolics, and flavonoid contents revealed predominant results in bark extract. Anti-oxidant activities like DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging assays were carried out and bark extract showed leading results and the combination sample also showed promising values. Comparative chemical profiling of the samples was done using High-performance thin layer chromatography to identify and quantify major chemical constituents. Flavonoids such as catechin, epicatechin, and phenolic acid, gallic acid were identified by HPTLC profiling, in all samples. On quantification of gallic acid, the bark and sample BS1 showed promising results when compared with other combination samples. The identified compounds were proven with medicinal activities against cardiovascular-related ailments. The present study concluded that BS1 (75:25) of bark and wood combination could be used instead of bark (B) for medicinal preparations without affecting the quality so the 25% usage of bark can be reduced and 25% of the stem can be saved from waste. The study will be beneficial for Ayurvedic industries using the bark T. arjuna for medicinal preparation since the wastage of wood can be reduced without affecting the quality of medicine.

Validation HPLC-DAD Method for Quantification of Gallic and Ellagic Acid from Eugenia punicifolia Leaves, Extracts and Fractions

Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC, known as “pedra ume-caá” or “pitanguinha do cerrado”, is popularly used to treat infectious diseases like inflammation, and diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate an analytical method by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) for the seasonal quantification of gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA), and to co-validate the method for quantification from the ethanol extract and fractions of the E. punicifolia leaves. Chromatographic separations were performed with a mobile phase gradient of acetonitrile/methanol/water acidified with 0.2% formic acid, a flow of 0.8 mL min‑1, detection at 254 nm, and a C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). Method validation parameters were determined following Brazilian legislation. The HPLC-DAD analytical method developed for the quantification of GA and EA was validated and demonstrated to be selective, linear, precise, accurate, robust, and without matrix effect. Accordingly, it is helpful for the analysis of these tannins in crude ethanol extracts and fractions from E. punicifoila leaves. Thus, our results may be of great help for quality control assessment and standardization of raw materials containing Eugenia punicifolia.

Development and Validation of UV-spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Gallic Acid in Acalypha indica Leaf Extract and its Cellulose Nanoparticle Formulation

Abstract: Aim/Background: Quantification of Gallic acid in the hydro-alcoholic extract of Acalypha indica and extract loaded cellulose nanoparticles is a characteristic parameter to assess the entrapment efficiency of nanoparticles. Gallic acid is one of the major phenolic acids identified in leaf extract of Acalypha Indica; hence, it was chosen to be estimated. Materials and Methods: A UV spectrophotometric method was developed using distilled water as a suitable solvent system to estimate Gallic acid. The method was validated for parameters such as linearity, precision, robustness and accuracy according to the ICH guidelines. The λmax of 256nm was observed for both Gallic acid and Acalypha indica extract, which indicated specificity of the method for further analysis. Results: Linearity was established between the concentration range of 5-30 μg/ml with a regression coefficient of 0.999 signifying good correlation between the concentration and absorbance. Average percent recovery of 97.6% demonstrated the accuracy of the method. The recorded RSD of <2% in precision validation indicated the correctness of the method. Ruggedness and robustness of the method were established with RSD of <2% suggesting that the analysis is unaffected with change in analyst and wavelength. The detectable and quantifiable limits of Gallic acid were found be 0.045 μg/ml and 0.119 μg/ml respectively, which demonstrated the sensitivity of the method as well. Conclusion: From the above results, it was concluded that the UV-spectrophotometric method can be employed to estimate Gallic acid in both leaf extract and extract loaded pharmaceutical formulations. Keywords: Gallic acid, UV spectrophotometer, Acalypha indica, Cellulose nanoparticles, Method validation, Leaf extract.

Quantification of Gallic Acid, Rutin and Quercetin in Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Holarrhena Antidysenterica using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)

Quantification of Gallic Acid, Rutin and Quercetin in Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Holarrhena Antidysenterica using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)

Optimization Method for Phenolic Compounds Extraction from Medicinal Plant (Juniperus procera) and Phytochemicals Screening.

Juniperus procera is a natural source of bioactive compounds with the potential of antitumor, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. An optimization method was developed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total tannin content (TTC) in leaf and seed extract of Juniperus procera. Organic solvents (methanol (99.8%), ethanol (99%), and acetone (99.5%)), and deionized water (DI) were used for extraction. The estimation of TPC, TFC, and TTC in plant materials was carried out using UV-spectrophotometer and HPLC with the standards gallic acid, quercetin, and tannic acid. Recovery of TPC in leaf extract ranged from 2.9 to 9.7 mg GAE/g DW, TFC from 0.9 to 5.9 mg QE/g DW, and TTC ranged from 1.5 to 4.3 mg TA/g DW while the TPC value in the seed extract ranged from 0.53 to 2.6 mg GAE/g DW, TFC from 0.5 to 1.6 mg QE/g DW, and TTC ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 mg TA/g DW. This result revealed that methanol is the best solvent for recovery of the TPC value (9.7 mg) from leaf extract in comparison to other solvents. Ethanol recorded the highest result of TFC (5.9 mg) in leaf extract among the solvents whereas acetone was the best for TTC yield recovery from leaf extract (4.3 mg). In the case of the seed extract, ethanol was the best solvent for both TPC (2.6 mg), and TFC (1.6 mg) recovery in comparison to other solvents. Total tannin content in methanol resulted in significant recovery from seed extract (1.4 mg). Separation and quantification of gallic acid, quercetin, and tannic acid in plant materials were undertaken using HPLC. Gallic acid in leaf and seed of J. procera ranged from 6.6 to 9.2, 6.5 to 7.2 µg/g DW, quercetin from 6.3 to 18.2, 0.9 to 4.2 µg/g DW, and tannic acid from 16.2 to 29.3, 6.6 to 9.3 µg/g DW, respectively. Solvents have shown a significant effect in the extraction of phenolic compounds. Moreover, phytochemicals in plant materials were identified using GC-MS and resulted in very important bioactive compounds, which include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor agents such as ferruginol, phenanthrene, and n-hexadecanoic acid. In conclusion, the optimal solvent for extraction depends on the part of the plant material and the compounds that are to be isolated.

A high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of quercetin and gallic acid in Eclipta alba and Guiera senegalensis

Eclipta alba and Guiera senegalensis have traditionally been used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine to cure several ailments. Due to the high demand, the quantitative standardization of plant-based products is challenging to maintain their quality. We aimed to develop and validate a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of gallic acid and quercetin in E. alba and G. senegalensis, respectively. Aqueous extracts of both plants were prepared. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed for the simultaneous separation of gallic acid and quercetin in each extract as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines with respect to linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and robustness. HPTLC quantitative analyses for E. alba aqueous extracts revealed 3.83 µg/mg of gallic acid and 2.26 µg/mg quercetin, while 4.71 µg/mg of gallic acid and 1.06 µg/mg of quercetin for G. senegalensis. LOD was found to be 3.30 ng/band and 12.70 ng/band, while LOQ was found to be 10.20 and 38.60 ng/band for gallic acid and quercetin, respectively. The HPTLC method showed good linearity, recovery and robustness of the validated markers. This developed validated method is capable of quantifying and resolving gallic acid and quercetin and the quality control of E. alba and G. senegalensis.

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant profiling of Sumatran wild mangoes ( Mangifera spp.): a potential source for medicine antidegenerative effects.

Background: New findings on the potential of wild mangoes from the island of Sumatra as a source of antioxidant helps their conservation effort as it introduces their useful compounds to the public. This study aims to analyze the antioxidant profile and quantification of gallic acid and quercetin content from leaves and bark of Sumatran wild mangoes. Exploration and analysis of phytochemical constituents from 11 Sumatran wild mangoes was performed. Methods: Antioxidant activity of wild mangoes was analysed with 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH), and determination of quercetin and gallic acid content was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Total flavonoid and phenolic analysis was also performed. Curve fitting analysis used a linear regression approach. Results: The highest level of antioxidant activity, phenolic compound and flavonoid compound was found in the leaves and bark of Mangifera sp1. (MBS), the bark of M. foetida3 (var. batu) and leaves of M. torquenda, and the bark and leaves of M. sumatrana, respectively. The content of gallic acid in leaves ranged from 5.23-35.48mg/g dry weight. Quercetin content of wild mangoes leaves ranged from 0.76 to 1.16mg/g dry weight with the lowest value in M. foetida2 (var. manis) and the highest in M. laurina. Conclusion: The results obtained are expected to be useful in supporting the development of drugs that have antidegenerative effects.

Antioxidant (gallic acid and quercetin) profile of Sumatran wild mangoes (Mangifera spp.): a potential source for antidegenerative medicine

Background: New findings on the potential of wild mangoes from the island of Sumatra as a source of antioxidant helps their conservation effort as it introduces their useful compounds to the public. This study aims to analyze the antioxidant profile and quantification of gallic acid and quercetin content from leaves and bark of Sumatran wild mangoes. Exploration and analysis of phytochemical constituents from 11 Sumatran wild mangoes was performed. Methods: Antioxidant activity of wild mangoes was analysed with 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH), and determination of quercetin and gallic acid content was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Total flavonoid and phenolic analysis was also performed. Curve fitting analysis used a linear regression approach. Results: The highest level of antioxidant activity, phenolic compound and flavonoid compound was found in the leaves and bark of Mangifera sp1. (MBS), the bark of M. foetida 3 (var. batu) and leaves of M. torquenda, and the bark and leaves of M. sumatrana, respectively. The content of gallic acid in leaves ranged from 5.23-35.48 mg/g dry weight. Quercetin content of wild mangoes leaves ranged from 0.76 to 1.16 mg/g dry weight with the lowest value in M. foetida 2 (var. manis) and the highest in M. laurina. Conclusion: The results obtained are expected to be useful in supporting the development of antidegenerative drugs from natural ingredients that have potential as immunomodulatory agents.

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant profiling of Sumatran wild mangoes ( Mangifera spp.): a potential source for medicine antidegenerative effects

Background: New findings on the potential of wild mangoes from the island of Sumatra as a source of antioxidant helps their conservation effort as it introduces their useful compounds to the public. This study aims to analyze the antioxidant profile and quantification of gallic acid and quercetin content from leaves and bark of Sumatran wild mangoes. Exploration and analysis of phytochemical constituents from 11 Sumatran wild mangoes was performed. Methods: Antioxidant activity of wild mangoes was analysed with 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH), and determination of quercetin and gallic acid content was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Total flavonoid and phenolic analysis was also performed. Curve fitting analysis used a linear regression approach. Results: The highest level of antioxidant activity, phenolic compound and flavonoid compound was found in the leaves and bark of Mangifera sp1. (MBS), the bark of M. foetida 3 (var. batu) and leaves of M. torquenda, and the bark and leaves of M. sumatrana, respectively. The content of gallic acid in leaves ranged from 5.23-35.48 mg/g dry weight. Quercetin content of wild mangoes leaves ranged from 0.76 to 1.16 mg/g dry weight with the lowest value in M. foetida 2 (var. manis) and the highest in M. laurina. Conclusion: The results obtained are expected to be useful in supporting the development of drugs that have antidegenerative effects.

A High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Method Using a Design of Experiment Approach for Estimation of Phytochemicals in Extracts of Moringa Oleifera Leaves.

A systematic design of experiment (DoE) based sensitive, robust high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was established for simultaneous estimation of gallic acid (GA), quercetin (QT), and rutin (RT) from ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera. The chromatographic separation was carried on Merck TLC aluminum sheets of silica gel 60 F254 (10×10 cm) with mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: formic acid (4.9:4.1:2:0.5, v/v/v/v) with densitometric scanning at 300 nm. The critical method parameters were initially identified by regular two level factorial design and further systematically optimized using a central composite design, evaluating the effect on selected critical analytical attributes, retention factor (RF), and peak area. The Pareto charts, 3D response surface plots, and polynomial equations for the generated models suggested significant influence of the selected factors on responses of QT, GA, and RT. The desirability and overlay plots employed provided appropriate solutions that were experimentally validated. Under the optimized conditions, the biomarkers were suitably resolved with RF values of 0.64±0.02, 0.80±0.03, and 0.22±0.02 for GA, QT, and RT, respectively, with wide linear dynamic range (200-1200 ng/band each), high accuracy (98.1-99.4%), and intra- and interday precision (%RSD <2%). When employed for quantification of these biomarkers in Moringa oleifera extracts, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited higher content of QT (993.5 μg/g and 832 μg/g, respectively). The ethanolic extract showed a larger amount of RT (701 μg/g). In contrast, aqueous extract exhibited a higher proportion of GA (591.1 μg/g) compared to ethanolic extract (150 μg/g). This validated HPTLC method developed through a DoE approach was successfully employed for quantification of GA, QT, and RT from Moringa oleifera extracts and may also be extended for their simultaneous estimation in other herbal extracts, thereby reducing time, and may serve as a cost effective tool for analysis.

Antioxidant (gallic acid and quercetin) profile of Sumatran wild mangoes ( Mangifera spp.): a potential source for antidegenerative medicine.

Background: New findings on the potential of wild mangoes from the island of Sumatra as a source of antioxidant helps their conservation effort as it introduces their useful compounds to the public. This study aims to analyze the antioxidant profile and quantification of gallic acid and quercetin content from leaves and bark of Sumatran wild mangoes. Exploration and analysis of phytochemical constituents from 11 Sumatran wild mangoes was performed. Methods: Antioxidant activity of wild mangoes was analysed with 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH), and determination of quercetin and gallic acid content was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Total flavonoid and phenolic analysis was also performed. Curve fitting analysis used a linear regression approach. Results: The highest level of antioxidant activity, phenolic compound and flavonoid compound was found in the leaves and bark of Mangifera sp1. (MBS), the bark of M. foetida3 (var. batu) and leaves of M. torquenda, and the bark and leaves of M. sumatrana, respectively. The content of gallic acid in leaves ranged from 5.2270-35.4763 mg/g dry weight. Quercetin content of wild mangoes leaves ranged from 0.76 to 1.47 mg/g dry weight with the lowest value in M. foetida2 (var. manis) and the highest in M. laurina. Conclusion: The results obtained are expected to be useful in supporting the development of antidegenerative drugs from natural ingredients that have potential as immunomodulatory agents.

Novel HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and mangiferin in mango

Mango (Mangifera indica) is the main tropical fruit of Asia and has developed its prominence all over the world. Mango wastes such as peels and seeds generated from fruit are a good source of functional ingredients out of which important ones are phenolic compounds with potent antioxidant properties. The quantification of gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PCA) and mangiferin (MGF) in the seed and peel extracts of three different varieties of mango fruit was performed by a novel, simple, specific, linear, precise, accurate and economic RPHPLC (reversed-phase high- performance liquid chromatography) method. The chromatographic separation was achieved on the C18 analytical column with a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min in an isocratic mode using 0.2% orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio 90:10 as the mobile phase. The column temperature was maintained at 40 ℃ and observations were recorded at 242 nm. The retention time of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and mangiferin was observed at 3.41, 5.50, and 14.6 min respectively. The developed method when validated as per ICH guidelines was found to be specific, linear, precise, robust and accurate

An insight into Cochlospermum planchonii extracts obtained by traditional and green extraction methods: Relation between chemical compositions and biological properties by multivariate analysis

In African traditional medicine Cochlospermum planchonii is used to manage various diseases such as malaria, diarrhoea, jaundice, infections and inflammation, hence presents the potential to be a good source of bioactive compounds. In this study, traditional and green extraction techniques have been used namely green extraction (homogenizer assisted extraction (HAE) and Sonication (SON)) and conventional extraction (Maceration (MAC), and Soxhlet (SOX)). Extracts prepared from aerial parts were studied for the total phenolic, flavonoids, total antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties also relating their biological properties and chemical content by multivariate analysis. The total phenolic contents obtained were in the order of HAE (221.78 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) > SON (202.64 mg GAE/g) > SOX (190.28 mg GAE/g) > MAC (187.45 mg GAE/g). The highest flavonoid content (rutin equivalent (RE)) was obtained by SOX (65.67 ± 0.43 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g). The highest antioxidant activity was recorded for HAE. C. planchonii extracts showed inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (8.46–8.56 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g), tyrosinase (165.76–171.10 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g) and α-amylase (1.18–1.30 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g) enzymes. It was found that the observed enzyme inhibitory properties was dependent on the type of extraction methods. Only SOX extract presented α-glucosidase inhibition (21.26 mmol ACAE/g) suggesting potential studies of this extract as antidiabetic. Liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MSn) was used for the qualitative analysis of the samples, allowing the quantification of gallic acid, prodelphynidins and flavonol derivatives. Based on multivariate analysis, green extraction techniques (HAE and SON) were different from conventional techniques (MAC and SOX). Results showed the usefulness of green extraction techniques for obtaining bioactive enriched fractions and tend to highlight the need for additional investigations to fully explore the potential usefulness of C. planchonii as source of antioxidant, antidiabetic and whitening agent as well as cholinesterase inhibitors.

Quantitative Estimation of Gallic Acid and Rutin of Non-Gilled mushrooms Collected from North-Western Himalayas by HPTLC

To carry out the quantitative estimation of Gallic acid and Rutin from the methanolic extract of four non-gilled mushrooms by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. Material and method: Four non-gilled mushrooms (Auricularia auricula-judae, Auriuclaria polytricha, Ganoderma lucidum and Trametes elegans) were collected from North Western Himalayas during the rainy season. Stationary phase for this study was TLC aluminium sheets precoated with silica gel 60 F254 and mobile phase was Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (3:6:1v/v) and Chloroform: Ethyl acetate: Methanol: Formic acid (3.5:5:0.5:1 v/v) for Gallic acid and Rutin respectively.The detection and quantification of Gallic acid and Rutin were performed at 280 nm and 254 nm respectively. Results: Rf value of Gallic acid and Rutin were recorded to be (0.43) and (0.70) respectively. Both HPTLC peak areas for standards Gallic acid (6467.8) and Rutin (16592.4) were compared with corresponding peak areas of four non-gilled mushroom extract and the amount of Gallic acid was calculated. All the four non-gilled mushrooms extracts showed the good concentration of Gallic acid and Rutin. But the amount of Gallic acid was higher in comparison to Rutin. Conclusion: This study results showed that the four non-gilled mushrooms extracts are potential sources of antioxidant activity.

High-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis of gallic acid and other phytoconstituents of methanolic extracts of Myrica nagi fruit

Background: Myrica nagi Thunb. (family: Myricaceae) is effective against gastric, metabolic, and hepatic disorders. The therapeutic effect of its fruit, which is consumed in North India, has not been confirmed, and detailed chemical profiling of the fruit is thus required. Objectives: The study objective was to develop and optimize a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the characterization of gallic acid, quercetin, myricetin, and caffeic acid in the methanolic extract of M. nagi fruit and the quantification of gallic acid. Materials and Methods: Analyses were performed using HPTLC, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. HPTLC experiments were carried out using an optimized solvent mixture, which enabled the separation and detection (at 254 and 366 nm) of four flavonoid compounds in the dried M. nagi extract. Gallic acid was quantified using calibration curves. Results: The proposed method enabled the detection of gallic acid, quercetin, myricetin, and caffeic acid. Validation took into account the estimation of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, and recovery of gallic acid. Gallic acid was quantified at 12.93 μg/mg of dry plant concentrate. Conclusion: This study describes the development of an HPTLC method for the analysis and characterization of phytoconstitutents in the methanolic solution of a dried M. nagi fruit extract. The method was successfully validated for the analysis of gallic acid.

Preclinical development of gastro-protective botanical candidate from Woodfordia fruticosa (Linn.) Kurz: Chemical standardization, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and safety pharmacology

Ethnopharmacological relevanceWoodfordia fruticosa is traditionally used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea, poisoning, menstrual disorders, ulcers and fertility. In the present study, we report a standardized extract preparation through modern scientific approach for anti-ulcer activity. Materials and methodsThe hydro-alcoholic extract of flowers of W. fruticosa was standardized using four chemical markers. The standardized extract was coded as ICB014. HPLC method was developed for identification and quantification of Gallic Acid, Oenothein-C, Quercetin and Kaempferol. Based on the prior published H+, K+-ATPase activity and Anti-bacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori of ICB014, was evaluated for its in-vivo efficacy in gastric ulcers models in rats followed by regulatory safety studies. ResultsThe extract demonstrated efficacy at 31.25–62.5 mg/kg in gastric ulcer models. The extract was safe by oral route up to 2000 mg/kg in a single dose and NOAEL of 800 mg/kg in 28 days repeat study. Bioequivalent capsule formulation was prepared. ConclusionsThe extract showed anti-ulcer potential and is ready for clinical evaluation.