Abstract
Background: New findings on the potential of wild mangoes from the island of Sumatra as a source of antioxidant helps their conservation effort as it introduces their useful compounds to the public. This study aims to analyze the antioxidant profile and quantification of gallic acid and quercetin content from leaves and bark of Sumatran wild mangoes. Exploration and analysis of phytochemical constituents from 11 Sumatran wild mangoes was performed. Methods: Antioxidant activity of wild mangoes was analysed with 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH), and determination of quercetin and gallic acid content was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Total flavonoid and phenolic analysis was also performed. Curve fitting analysis used a linear regression approach. Results: The highest level of antioxidant activity, phenolic compound and flavonoid compound was found in the leaves and bark of Mangifera sp1. (MBS), the bark of M. foetida3 (var. batu) and leaves of M. torquenda, and the bark and leaves of M. sumatrana, respectively. The content of gallic acid in leaves ranged from 5.2270-35.4763 mg/g dry weight. Quercetin content of wild mangoes leaves ranged from 0.76 to 1.47 mg/g dry weight with the lowest value in M. foetida2 (var. manis) and the highest in M. laurina. Conclusion: The results obtained are expected to be useful in supporting the development of antidegenerative drugs from natural ingredients that have potential as immunomodulatory agents.
Highlights
Sumatran wild mangoes have the potential to be used as an herbal medicine and are found in the Sumatra rainforests
There are eight wild mango species found in Sumatra: Mangifera quadrifida, M. torquenda, M. magnifica, M. grifithii, M. kemanga, M. sumatrana, Mangifera sp[1] (MBS) and Mangifera sp2. (MH)[2,3]
A small amount of natural material is used to evaluate antioxidant activity, so it is widely used to test the ability of compounds that act as electron donors[28]
Summary
Sumatran wild mangoes have the potential to be used as an herbal medicine and are found in the Sumatra rainforests They are threatened with extinction due to rapid and massive deforestation, and due to this species lower economic market value and low consumption by humans, there is little interest in their cultivation[1]. This could lead to an increase in the number of endangered species in the Sumatran rainforest. The conservation of wild mango types will not be effective if the benefits of these plants are unknown, while their unique characteristics show that these plants have the potential to be therapeutic agents with high antioxidant ability[4]. Conclusion: The results obtained are expected to be useful in supporting the development of antidegenerative drugs from natural ingredients that have potential as immunomodulatory agents
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