QUANL PC Program Research Articles

코로나19에서의 대학생활 적응에 대한 신입생의 인식유형 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the freshmen experiences and perceptions on college life while adjusting to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The P-sample consisted of 33 full-time freshmen enrolled in the department of social welfare. Using Q-methodology, these students categorized 34 Q-sample statements from October 1 to 20. Results Analyzing the scores from the 34 statements using Q factor analysis through QUANL-PC program, freshmen perceptions on college life adjustment were classified into three types: (a) showing approval of online learning but preferring for face to face learning and having low academic achievement, (b) showing adaptive online learning but pursuing face to face learning and having moderate academic achievement, (c) showing adaptive online learning and having high academic achievement. Conclusions Result of this study suggests that actual online learning is needed to better evaluate the benefits, challenges and useful strategies of successful students and to revised in order to help freshmen to successfully adjust to college life, improve academic performance and develop employee competencies.

코로나19에서의 대학생활 적응에 대한 신입생의 인식유형 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the freshmen experiences and perceptions on college life while adjusting to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The P-sample consisted of 33 full-time freshmen enrolled in the department of social welfare. Using Q-methodology, these students categorized 34 Q-sample statements from October 1 to 20. Results Analyzing the scores from the 34 statements using Q factor analysis through QUANL-PC program, freshmen perceptions on college life adjustment were classified into three types: (a) showing approval of online learning but preferring for face to face learning and having low academic achievement, (b) showing adaptive online learning but pursuing face to face learning and having moderate academic achievement, (c) showing adaptive online learning and having high academic achievement. Conclusions Result of this study suggests that actual online learning is needed to better evaluate the benefits, challenges and useful strategies of successful students and to revised in order to help freshmen to successfully adjust to college life, improve academic performance and develop employee competencies.

Q방법론을 활용한 아동의 고집 인식유형연구

The purpose of this study is to examine the types and characteristics of how stubbornness is perceived in children. For the Q sample, a total of 23 statements were selected through literature review related to children's persistence and in-depth interviews with experts and research participants, and the Q distribution was classified among 44 children, followed by in-depth interviews. Data analysis was performed using the QUANL-PC program. As a result of the study, perception types regarding children's stubbornness were classified into four types. Type 1 was a positive stubbornness perception type. Type 2 was a passive stubbornness perception type. Type 3 was the other person's stubbornness perception type. Type 4 was a negative stubbornness perception type. This study is meaningful in that it enhances parents' understanding of their children and provides basic data on children's stubbornness based on the results of children's self-awareness about children's persistence.

고교학점제 참여 학생의 상담심리학 수업 경험에 대한 인식 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the types of perceptions of high school credit system students participating in the counseling psychology class and the characteristics of each type.
 Methods This study utilized the Q methodology. A Q sample of 33 questions was confirmed through literature research, open-ended questionnaires, and 1:1 in-depth interviews, and 33 high school sophomores who experienced counseling psychology classes through purpose sampling were selected as P samples. After classifying the Q samples in a 9-point scale distribution by a forced distribution method, they were analyzed using the QUANL-PC program.
 Results As a result of the analysis, the perception of counseling psychology class experience was found to be 5 types. Type 1 was the ‘New Learning-Seeking Type’, showing interest in learning a field of interest and showing curiosity in a new field that could not be learned normally. Type 2 was the ‘Emotional Growth-Seeking Type’, showing the characteristics of feeling the effects of counseling, such as gaining sense of emotional stability and developing insight into oneself through class. Type 3 was the ‘Professional Experience-Seeking Type’, showing a characteristic of being good at concentration when conducting theoretical classes and practical activities together. Type 4 was the ‘Career Preparation Action Pursuit Type’, showing interest in learning in advance what to learn in college and recognizing that it will act as a specification when entering college. Type 5 was the ‘Differentiated Professionalism-Seeking Type’, showing trust in the expert’s class and demanding professionalism in class.
 Conclusions When selecting subjects in the high school credit system, it is expected that students will be more satisfied when they select subjects that are not normally learned at school, and that match their personal career and interests, and the counseling psychology course can satisfy this.

Subjective Needs and Thoughts for the Treatment of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Applying Q Methodology.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that requires lifetime management. Many studies have attempted to establish questionnaires and/or parameters to assess the quality of care for IBD patients. However, no study to date has investigated patients using the Q-methodology, which is subjective and has been studied systematically, to identify and categorize their opinions and subjective thinking about their disease and treatment. We have therefore aimed here to conduct a preliminary study of the Q-methodology to investigate the subjective thinking of IBD patients in Korea. Q-methodology, a method of analyzing the subjectivity of questionnaire items, was examined in this study. Inputs from 50 IBD patients were classified into 34 normalized statements using a 9-point scale with a normal distribution. The collected data were analyzed using the QUANL PC program. Using the Q-methodology, IBD patients were classified into type I, II, III, and IV treatment needs: medical staff-dependent, relationship-oriented, information-driven, and social awareness, respectively. The subjective needs of IBD patients and their thoughts about the treatment can be classified into four types. Our findings suggest that we can establish a systematic strategy for personalized care according to patient type.

The Subjectivity on Multicultural Families : Q-Methodology

The objectives of this study are to understand the subjectivity of multicultural families perceived by nursing students, to describe the characteristics of each type, and also to understand the classification of multicultural families by applying the Q-methodology. Total of 20 students of the nursing department in A college were asked to classify total of 42 sentences of statements about multicultural families. The collected data was analyzed by using the QUANL PC Program. In the results of this study, the nursing students’ perception of multicultural families was divided into three factors. The types of subjectivity on multicultural families included the ‘type of accepting and acknowledging multicultural families’, the ‘type of seeking for institutional support’, and the ‘type of conservative perception’. This study provided the basic data of basic humanities and social science education for nurses and nursing students who would nurse multicultural families.

중등체육 건강영역에 대한 여학생들의 주관적 인식유형

The purpose of this study was to analysis subjective perception types of female middle school students on health domain in P.E classes. Q methodology was performed through following procedure. First, open questionnaires has offered 80 of female students who were in Y middle school, N-gu, in Seoul Korea. Second, 31 of Q samples were selected ultimately from open questionnaires answered through discussing with expert group. Third, ‘Q card distribution chart’ was drawn by 25 research participants from Q samples. Finally, result of this research has obtained by Q factor analysis centered eigen value 1.0 and over, using QUANL-PC program. First, health domain was classified into a total of five types of perceptions through the analysis of those of the female middle school students, such as consistent exercise, regulated life, body line management, emotion control and positive thinking, and enhancement of immunity for the good health and fatigue recovery.

Dating Violence Perceived by University Nursing Students

Background/Objectives: This study was designed to identify how nursing students recognized dating violence currently.Method/Statistical Analysis: This study applied to the Q methodology to grasp dating violence perceived by university nursing students in order to identify future educational programs for dating violence. This study was conducted from May 8 to May 17, 2018, and 30 university nursing students in Gangwon and Gyongmam provinces, applied by convenience sampling method, scored 28 Q statements selecting forced normal distribution. Collecting data was analyzed by the QUANL PC program such as eigenvalues, variance,z-score and so on.Findings: There are two different factors with two types showing eigenvalue more than 1. Factor 1 with twenty four participants showed that they understood giving the feeling of thrust, well behaved and a worthwhile job positively, the eigenvalue 7.1458. Factor II with twelve participants showed that they positively agreed with a comfortable person, a value and worthwhile job as well as playing a role as a mother, the eigenvalue 2.5628. Factor III with eight participants showed that they positively agreed with a doctor’s assistance, well behaved and a comfortable person, the eigenvalue 2.5366. The correlation among three types was not relatively similar. However three types showed some consensus items. They recognized positively a value and worthwhile job, earnest and honest as a nurse, while negatively scientific knowledge, leadership and authority.Improvements/Applications: The result of this study can provide basic data for preparing a nursing educational strategy with personalized the image of nurses for future generation who will become a nurse.

Nurse's Images Perceived by Girl's High School Students

This study was aimed to identify how high school students who are interesting in nursing as their future career recognized nurses. This study applied the Q methodology to understand nurses’ image perceived by high school students in order to identify future nurses’ perception for their job. This study was conducted from May 27 to october 14, 2016, and 30 girls, selected by convenience sampling method, scored 29 Q statements using forced normal distribution. Data was analyzed through the QUANL PC program such as eigenvalues, variance, correlation, z-score and so on. There are three different factors with three types showing eigenvalue more than 1. Factor 1 with twelve participants showed that they agreed with giving the feeling of thrust, well behaved and a worthwhile job positively, the eigenvalue 7.1458. Factor II with twelve participants showed that they positively agreed with a comfortable person, a value and worthwhile job as well as playing a role as a mother, the eigenvalue 2.5628. Factor III with eight participants showed that they positively agreed with a doctor's assistance, well behaved and a comfortable person, the eigenvalue 2.5366. The correlation among three types was not relatively similar. However three types showed some consensus items. They recognized positively a value and worthwhile job, earnest and honest as a nurse, while negatively scientific knowledge, leadership and authority. The result of this study can provide basic data for preparing a nursing educational strategy with personalized the image of nurses for future generation who will become a nurse.

지체장애인의 생활체육 참여동기유형 분석 : Q방법론을 중심으로

The purpose of this research is to analyze requirements for sports for all of the Physically Disabled Persons. Subjects for this study consisted of 36 male and female physically disabled persons who participate in sport-for-all. The card used in Q sort was 38 categories includung extraction of concourse that is population of Q-sample and selection of Q-statement, followed by P-sampling in relation with selection of subjects. The result of Q-sorting were coded and analysed using QUANL pc program. According to the research result, firstly, result-oriented goal-seeking type; second, interest-oriented hobby-seeking type; and third, life-oriented type pursuing maintenance of function. The first type is for those who worked out to achieve their goal of becoming professional player or player in business team of sport-for-all for physically disabled persons. The second type is for those who participated in sports club for maintenance of health and interest in sports; this type rated the highest weight among three types. The third type is for those who participated in order to decrease pain and release stress of physical disability.

지도자의 코칭행동에 대한 고등학교 육상선수의 수용 태도

The purpose of this study was to explore the high school track and field athletes’ acceptance attitude of coaching behaviors. For the purpose, this study is to used the Q methodology as the qualitative research methodology. Subjects consisted of 35 athletes who attended the G sports high school in Gyeong-gi province. 148 items were collected of all the possible statements that the respondents can make about coaching behaviors. and finally 30 Q-samples(items) were conducted among the concourse(148 items) through face validity analysis and content analysis. The Q-samples were sorted by 35 respondents. The factor analysis was conducted by utilizing the QUANL-PC program. The results were follows, Type Ⅰis named 「the type of sensitive response」. Type Ⅱ is named 「the type of positive acceptance」. Type Ⅲ is named 「the type of selected acceptance」.

태권도를 통한 인성교육적 가치 유형

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Value of Character Education types and characteristics. In order to purpose of this study, Q methodology was employed. 20 majored in Taekwondo student were selected. Q-sampling, the measuring instrument, collected the statements based on open-ended questions materials and statements from 217. The Q-population consisted of 27 statements to be collected out of which 25 Q-samples were selected. Results of Q-sorting were coded and analysed using QUANL pc program. The result is as follows. There are 4 types in the value of character education types. First type is Self-efficacy group. Second, the most important to respect of parents and loving them. Third, the most important to educational value of manners type. fourth type is self-control capability group. It was show that, According to Taekwondo student’s educational value allows characteristics. In result, Taekwondo has many factors in educational value, and an effective character education.

Subjectivity Study on Self Direction in Nursing Students: Q Methodological Approach

Background/Objectives: Self direction reportedly affects the career adaptability for college students and the career attitude development. This research will apply the Q methodology to investigate the types of self-direction of the students. Methods/Statistical Analysis: To analyze the value, belief, and attitude of the students in the department of nursing toward self-direction, we coded and input the collected data into the computer after completing the survey for the 23 people who were selected as P sample. We handled Q classification using QUANL PC program and acquired the result. Findings: The result of analyzing the subjectivity of the students in the department of nursing toward self-direction using PC QUANL showed three types. Each type reflects the subjectivity of the students in the department of nursing toward selfdirection to investigate the types of self-direction of the students in the department of nursing, and explain and understand the characteristics. Among the total research participants of 23 people, 4 people belonged to the first type, 9 belonged to the second type, and 10 belonged to the third type. People with higher factor weight in each type are the typical or ideal people in the type they belong to, representing the type. Improvements/Applications: This research shows that selfdirection raises the self-efficacy and performance toward the studies in major, giving sense of satisfaction and eventually creating positive prospects in the studies in major.

Research on Subjectivity about Clinical Departments where Prospective Nursing Graduates Wish to Work

This study aimed to investigate subjectivity of prospective nursing graduates about the departments where they wish to work, and describe characteristics of each type and categorize them using Q-methodology. Thirty prospective nursing graduates were asked to categorize 53 statements describing the clinical departments where they wish to work after graduation. The collected data were analyzed using a QUANL PC Program. As a result of this study, the perception by hospital employees of a medical institution certification system was categorized into four factors and eight types. The types of subjectivity about clinical departments where prospective nursing graduates wish to work include ‘departments prioritizing collaboration and respect’, ‘departments prioritizing sociality enhancement’, ‘departments prioritizing confidence enhancement’, ‘departments prioritizing good interpersonal relationships’, ‘departments prioritizing effective communication’, ‘departments prioritizing task acquisition’, ‘departments prioritizing self-development’, and ‘departments prioritizing vulnerable social groups’. This study has provided basic data useful planning personalized interventions for future clinical adaptation in hospitals.

Subjectivity Death with Dignity Recognized of Nursing Students

This study was to identify the subjective attitudes on “death with dignity” perceived by nursing students, and to describe the characteristics of each category. Twenty-nine nursing students at H University located in Chungcheongnam Province, Korea were asked to classify 70 statements on “death with dignity.” The collected data was analyzed utilizing QUANL PC program, SPSSWIN 21.0 program. The study concluded that there were 6 types of attitudes from the nursing students towards “death with dignity.” The types of attitudes towards “death with dignity” were “recognizing value in death with dignity,” “inevitability of choosing death with dignity,” “societal regulation of death with dignity,” “death with dignity electivity,” “death with dignity criteria identification” and “preparing for death with dignity.” The results of this study will provide assistance for organizing a “death with dignity” education program for nursing students and establish a value system towards “death with dignity” through categorization of the nursing student attitudes. The findings will also play a crucial role in identifying the attitudes of nurses towards “death with dignity” after students become nurses and start working in various departments, possibly facing patients considering or being considered for end of life choices, including “death with dignity. Lastly this study meaning of death with dignity would be to the development well dying or death with dignity training program nursing student.

간호 대학생이 인식하는 실무현장의 효과적 환경을 위한 간호리더자의 역할유형분석

Nursing students do a variety of learning at the practice field during clinical practice. They can recognize the importance and effectiveness of nursing leader. The purpose of this study was to categorize the types by analyzing what are important aspects of nursing leader's role to make effective practice environment nursing students experienced from training course. This research was used Q methodology to understand how nursing students recognize deeply. Participants were involved 30 nursing students who have experienced nursing practices. Q samples included 36 statements gathered from interviews with students who experienced clinical practices and literatures regarding types of nursing leader's role. Furthermore, major factors were analyzed and categorized by using QUANL PC program. As a result of research, there are 4 types of nursing leader's role. The first type is Maintaining justice and level-headed, the second type is Creating environment for motivation, the third is Respecting character and growing capacity up and the fourth is Relationship center through confidence. Through the research process, this study is about to make evidences by understanding role of nursing leader for effective environment of practice field.

Q방법론을 활용한 여자 간호대학생의 분노표현 양상 탐색

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify subjective perception types on anger expression among female nursing students and to investigate characteristics according to the subjective perception types. In order to achieve this purpose, the study used Q-methodology. There were 30 study participants and they completed the Q-sort activity, rating each statement relative to the others using 32 Q statements. The data were analyzed using the QUANL PC program. There were three types of forms extracted from anger expressions among female nursing students; a type on ‘embracive soothing’, a type on ‘reasonable expression’, and a type on ‘ambivalence over emotional expression’. The commonality of the three types were: talking about their anger emotions with others, asking for help in religion and pushing their opponent. Therefore, Adequate strategies based on anger expression types need to be developed to resolve anger among female nursing students.Key words : Female, Nursing student, Anger expression, Q-methodology Corresponding author : 051-629-5785, soundness@pknu.ac.kr

이행증진을 위한 융복합: 신장이식 환자의 면역억제제 투약이행에 대한 주관성

Abstract After kidney transplantation, immunosuppressive medication is essential to enhance the quality of life and survival of the transplanted patient. To promote the medication adherence, subjects are required to have converged attitude with open mind. Medication adherence will depend on the attitude of the psychosocial characteristics and treatment guidelines. The purpose of this study was to identify the specific types and characteristics of medication adherence in the view of kidney transplanted patients. Q-methodology, a technique for extracting subjective opinions, was used. Forty participants completed the Q-sort activity, rating each statement relative to the others. The collected data were analyzed by QUANL PC program. Four types of medication adherence of kidney transplanted patients were identified: ‘positive lifestyle management type’, ‘vigilant appearance management type’, ‘somber oblivion type’, ‘vigilant family support type’. Through the identification of attitudes to medication adherence, repeated and individualized medication adherence program will help to prevent graft rejection.

Perception of Childhood Obesity in Mothers of Preschool Children

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify the perception of childhood obesity in mothers of preschool children using Q methodology. MethodsA total of 38 Q statements about childhood obesity were obtained from 41 participants. The QUANL PC program was used to analyze the results. ResultsThere were three types of perception toward obesity in mothers of preschool children: the “authoritative discipline type,” the “generous home meal focused type,” and the “home meal based on household financial situation type.” ConclusionThe perception of mothers toward childhood obesity can affect the extent of maternal interaction with children or meal preparation for the family. Based on these results, it is necessary to plan specific programs according to the types of maternal perception toward childhood obesity.

Types of Shared Medical Decision Making for Terminally Ill Patients

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze types of shared medical decision making by health professionals in a decision making position. Methods: The Q-methodology was used. Q sample was constructed with a total of 35 Q-statements that were offered with a 9-point rating scal e. The statements were structured to generate answers that would form a shape of a normal distribution. Answe rs to Q sample were analyzed using a QUANL PC program. Results: Four types of shared medical decision making were identified. Type I is patient-centered decision making, Type II is physician-centered, Type III is health professional-centered and Type IV is patient-family-centered. Conclusion: Study results indicate that it is recommended to develop an education program based on the four types of shared medical decision making so that health professionals can be provided with different approaches according to their decision making style.