Seawater Quality Research Articles

Review—Application of Deficient Apatites Materials in Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metals: Case of Mercury (II) in Seawater and Fish Samples

Contamination by metallic trace elements is considered a serious problem considering their toxicity and their cumulative power in the food chain. These heavy metals such as mercury (II) are thus monitored and recognized today as pollutants dangerous for humans and their environment. In this review, we look back at 10 years of our dedicated research, and summarize the main advances made in terms of exploitation of apatitic materials for the detection of heavy metals. Recent trends in the application of apatite compounds for electrochemical detection of heavy metals are shown. In this perspective, the present work focuses on the development of electrochemical sensors based on new deficient apatites materials. The proposed sensors revealed a high efficiency for the analysis of mercury ions with a stable and amplified signal. This latter has been optimized by varying the nature and content of the substituents in the gap apatite structure. The adsorption characteristics of these materials serve to trap inorganic micropollutant like mercury. Moreover, the modification of the surface properties of graphite carbon electrodes by newly lacunar apatites has served to control the quality of seawater and fish samples with satisfactory results.

Evaluation of seawater quality of Atakum Beach, 2016

Evaluation of seawater quality of Atakum Beach, 2016

KUALITAS AIR LAUT DITINJAU DARI INDEKS KEANEKARAGAMAN FITOPLANKTON DI PERAIRAN PANTAI DESA MADAYIN KECAMATAN SAMBELIA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

This study was aimed to riview the quality of sea water in terms of phytoplankton diversity index as the impact of aquaculture shrimp ponds in Madayin village, Sambelia District of East Lombok. This study was conducted in March to June 2018. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method as 6 sampling points was 3 points (stations 4, 5 and 6) were taken from the outlet of sewage shrimp, 1 point (station 3) were taken from estuary, and 2 points (stations 1 and 2) were taken from the sea. Water samples was taken 50 liters and was filtered using 25μm plankton nets. Filtered water put into bottles samples then was preserved by formalin 4%. Phytoplankton analysis was carried out in Biology Laboratory FPMIPA Faculty of Mataram University. Results showed that the diversity index (H) ranged from 2.055 to 2.257, this value indices were moderate/medium. Equitability index (E) value of ranged from moderate to high where the stations 1 and 3 were moderate (0.5 <E <0.75) while stations 2, 4, 5 and 6 were high (E> 0.75). All stations showed that there were no dominance of phytoplankton species. Based on the results, the condition of Madayin coastal was moderate to good condition, no significant ecological pressure.

The geochemical characteristics of seawater and surface sediment of 60-100m depth in Quang Binh sea area

The geochemical characteristics of seawater and surface sediment represent the stability of seawater quality. There is a lack of information on geochemical characteristics of elements in seawater well as sediment in the sea area of Quang Binh province. The objective of this paper is to study and determine the characteristics of the marine environment through elemental geochemistry in seawater and surface sediments of Quang Binh area to assess the stability and quality of seawater in this area. The results show that seawater environment is characterized by a shallow sea with rare effect on continental water. The difference in salinity values, Eh, pH,...at different depth is indistinguishable. The sedimentary environment is weak alkaline, the environment from decontamination to strong oxidation. Cu and As elements distributed in sediments are mostly concentrated in the center of the study area.

Monitoring particulate fouling of North Sea water with SDI and new ASTM MFI0.45 test

For assessing the particulate fouling of water, the modified fouling index (MFI0.45) is a superior test to the silt density index (SDI). There is a need to compare both tests in terms of sensitivity, how they are affected by the filter material and the type of support plate and also illustrate their use for monitoring of seawater quality over time. In this work, we studied seven different filter holders with different filter support plates and three different 0.45 μm filter materials, and we applied the tests for monitoring of North Sea water quality. The results illustrated that the type of support plate of the filter holder greatly influences the measured MFI0.45 values and thus, a correction for the effective membrane area may be needed when carrying out an MFI0.45 test. An attempt to normalize differences in MFI0.45 due to filter material with a Formazin solution was tested but proven not successful. When monitoring the seawater, the MFI0.45 was much more sensitive than SDI to water quality variations in particular during algal growth. As the SDI and MFI0.45 tests can be measured with help of the same equipment, more alignment in the ASTM protocols for both methods is recommended.

Water quality assessment around a coal-fired power plant in southern coast of Java, Indonesia

Starting 2014, a coal-fired power plant has been operating in Palabuhanratu Bay, at the southern part of Java Island and adjacent to the estuary of Cimandiri River. Thermal power plants in the coastal area can influence seawater quality through the change of sea current patterns and thermal discharge from the cooling systems, therefore monitoring of seawater quality is required. The monitoring was performed from December 2014 through November 2017. The total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations of seawater inside and around the breakwater were 41–99 mg/l, while TSS concentrations in the estuary were 59–157 mg/l. The breakwater that was constructed alongside the power plant changed the sedimentation pattern in Cimandiri Estuary, therefore it increased the TSS concentration compared to values measured from 1993–2008 before the start of the power plant operation. The sampling location was the determining factor influencing TSS concentration, while season influenced temperature variability in all locations despite the average not changing. While chlorine was observed below the set standards, measurement of chlorine derivative compounds may be required, especially if significant changes occur in marine life.

ATP measurement in seawater reverse osmosis systems: Eliminating seawater matrix effects using a filtration-based method

A direct method for measuring adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) in seawater was developed recently, in which commercial reagents are added directly to seawater. However, calibration is required if seawater quality changes (such as changes in salinity, pH, Mg2+, Fe3+) as the seawater matrix interferes with ATP measurement. In this research, a 0.1 μm filtration process is introduced to eliminate such interferences. In addition, a filter rinsing step with sterilized artificial seawater is proposed to eliminate interference of free ATP.The ATP-filtration method is fast (<5 min), reproducible (VC = 7%), six times more sensitive than the direct ATP-method and correlates (R2 = 0.72, n = 100) with intact cell concentration. Microbial ATP concentration measured using the ATP-filtration method and the ATP-direct method were comparable. Microbial ATP measured along the treatment train of a full-scale seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant decreased from 530 in the raw seawater to 10 ng-ATP/L after pre-treatment and to 0.5 ng-ATP/L in the SWRO permeate. The method was also applied to monitor bacterial growth potential (BGP) across the pre-treatment train of a (pilot) seawater desalination plant, where the removal of BGP through the media filtration and ultrafiltration was 44% and 7%, respectively.

Bacterial quality evaluation on the shellfish-producing area along the south coast of Korea and suitability for the consumption of shellfish products therein

BackgroundTo confirm whether shellfish are suitable for consumption, the quality of seawater and shellfish in shellfish-producing areas must be assessed regularly. This study was conducted to evaluate the bacterial quality on the Changseon area, containing a designated shellfish-producing area, in Korea during 2011–2013.ResultEven though many inland pollutants near the area were identified, they showed no significant impact on the designated area and the shellfish therein. The concentrations of fecal bacteria in all the seawater and mussel samples from the designated area during the harvesting season were within the standards of various countries. Pathogenic bacteria were not detected in any of the mussel samples. In our previous study, the hazardous metal levels in all the mussels from the same area were also within the limits of different countries.ConclusionThe mussel products in this area are suitable for consumption based on fecal pollution, pathogenic bacteria, and also heavy metals.

Use of Electronic Noses in Seawater Quality Monitoring: A Systematic Review.

Electronic nose (eNose) systems are particularly appreciated for their portability, usability, relative low cost, and real-time or near real-time response. Their application finds space in several domains, including environmental monitoring. Within this field, marine monitoring is of particular scientific relevance due to the fragility of this specific environment, daily threatened by human activities that can potentially bring to catastrophic and irreversible consequences on marine wildlife. Under such considerations, a systematic review, complying with the PRISMA guidelines, was conducted covering the period up to 15 October 2018, in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Despite the relatively low number of articles published on this specific topic and the heterogeneity of the technological approaches employed, the results obtained by the various groups highlight the positive contribution eNose has given and can provide in near future for the monitoring and safeguarding of this delicate environment.

Laboratory Investigation on Hydrodynamic Performance of an Innovative Aeration Device with a Wave-Driven Heaving Buoy

Coastal seawater quality is of significance for the environment, ecology and fisheries. In recent years, the hypoxia or anoxia problems of bottom seawater aggravated due mainly to the seawater stratification and eutrophication. This paper addresses an innovative aeration device with a wave-driven heaving buoy to enhance the dissolved oxygen concentration for bottom water. A series of physical experiments was conducted to investigate its hydrodynamic performance and air flow rate. The response amplitude of heaving components and the average value of air flow rate were examined with the related parameters, including incident wave height, incident wave steepness and aeration depth. It was found that with increasing incident wave height, the average heaving displacement and the average air flow rate increase respectively. With the increase of incident wave steepness, the relative value of average heaving displacement increases obviously for high wave period scenarios, it increases slightly for small wave period scenarios in comparison and the relative value of air flow rate increases evidently. With the increase of aeration depth, the average heaving displacement and the average air flow rate decrease respectively. With the increase of relative aeration depth, the relative value of average heaving displacement and the relative value of air flow rate decrease respectively. In addition, the dimensional analysis and the least squares methods were used to obtain the prediction formulas for the average heaving displacement and the average air flow rate, and they agreed well with the related experimental data.

Correction to: Survey of coastal inland pollution sources and their influence on seawater quality in Doam bay, Korea.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in the affiliation section.

Merkuri (Hg) di Permukaan Perairan Muara Sungai Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia

The purposes of this study were to determine the water quality, concentration and distribution of Hg in the surface water of Banyuasin river estuary. This research was conducted in June 2016 with 26 sampling stations. Measurement of in situ water quality was done using Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) multiparameter profiler while Hg metal was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The data obtained was interpolated by Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and then mapped spatially. The results showed that in general the water quality in Banyuasin river estuary still meets the seawater quality standards for marine biota based on KepMenLH no. 51 in 2004. The concentration of Hg in Banyuasin river estuary ranges from 0.001-0.032 mg/L with a distribution pattern that generally increases towards the ocean. The Hg concentration at the Banyuasin river estuary is on the maximum limit and exceeds the quality standard for marine biota.

STRUKTUR DEMOGRAFI POPULASI Rhizophora apiculata DI KAWASAN INDUSTRI PERMINYAKAN PROVINSI RIAU

The decline in mangrove vegetation density and the area of mangrove forests in the coastal province of Riau occurred due to the logging of mangrove forests and the conversion of mangrove forests into other uses such as industrial estates. This study aims to collect a database of mangrove ecosystems which includes the ecological structure of R. apiculata in Riau Province. Collecting data of mangrove vegetation condition was done by transect line and plot. The line transect was drawn from the reference point (the outer mangrove stand) with the direction perpendicular to the coastline to the mainland and made plots according to the category. The results showed that the population of R. apiculata was found in large numbers at Station 3 (350 ind) and a small/small amount was found at Station 1 (137 ind). In addition, Stations 1, 2 and 4 have only one grouping population of R. apiculata based on the Bhattacharya method, while Station 3 has two groupings. Furthermore, the highest R. apiculata density for tree category was obtained at Station 4 (1433.33 ind/m2), saplings category at Station 3 (10488.89 ind/m2) and seedlings category at Station 4 (3666667 ind/m2). Furthermore the water temperature ranged from 28.3 – 30.7°C, salinity 27.3 – 31.3, pH 7.3 – 7.9, DO 5.2 – 6.4 and redox potential ranged from 102 – 124 mV. Based on the standard criteria and guidelines for determining mangrove damage according to the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 201 of 2004, the population density of R. apiculata at the research location is still classified as medium and refers to the Decree of the State Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004 concerning Sea Water Quality Standards for Marine Biota, as a whole the range of measured water quality parameters is still within tolerance limits for life mangroves.

Seawater quality conditions of the south Andaman Sea (Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean) in lustrum during 2010s decade

Andaman and Nicobar islands is one of the major tourism hubs of the World. Most travelers visit these islands for historical attractions, beaches, snorkeling, scuba diving, coral reefs, adventure and recreation. Port Blair is the capital and sole entry/exit point of these islands. The coasts of Port Blair Bay (PBB) and Wandoor Creek (WC) are largely populated due to its services offered to different public/private sectors and for the economic significance. Nevertheless, the global recognition of these islands relies on its healthy ecosystem. Effective management of beaches, bays and their environmental services requires knowledge of coastal water quality. This study assesses the datasets of twenty seawater quality parameters of PBB and WC generated during five years (2011–2015) at eight sites. Multivariate statistical techniques were used for (i) analysis and interpretation of water quality parameters (ii) identification of pollution factors/sources and (iii) understanding spatio-temporal variations valuable for coastal water quality management.

Survey of coastal inland pollution sources and their influence on seawater quality in Doam bay, Korea

Inland pollution sources of Doam bay were investigated from August to October in 2013. A total of 210 sources including rivers, streams, domestic, agricultural and industrial discharge points were identified along the coast, including 32 sources that had outflow. Agricultural sources were the largest inland pollution sources (139, 66.2%). Fecal coliform concentrations were measured. These data were combined with water discharge data to determine daily loads of pollutants discharged from each source into the bay. Fecal coliform concentrations were the highest in domestic discharges. However, they only had slight influence because their discharge volume was small. The most significant pollution source was Tamjin River (St.85) due to large amount of discharge volume. The influence of St.85 reached almost half of Doam bay. Fecal coliform levels of streams increased after rainfall, but decreased overtime. Domestic pollution sources were not affected upon rain event.

Realizing a new resilience paradigm on the basis of land-water-biodiversity nexus in a coastal city

Coastal area is a typical, complex area interacted between terrestrial and ocean systems. Catastrophic regime shifts of coastal ecosystem may occur as a result of gradual changing forces exerted by external factors. In this study, we presented an indicator-based framework which includes the land-water-biodiversity (LWB) nexus indices of catastrophe analysis to emphasize resilience of Xiamen, a coastal city of China, associated with implementation of integrated coastal management (ICM). The results demonstrate the changes of equilibria in land, water, and biodiversity subsystems that were divided into three periods (1996–2000, 2000–2012, and 2012–2015). The implementation of several ICMs helped to preserve resilient coastal ecosystems since 1997, which indicates effective guidance of resilient coastal management on coastal land, water and biodiversity. Based on trends of indicator changes, we identified the main indicators controlling catastrophic transformation of the LWB nexus system state, which include built-up area and coastal reclaimed area in land subsystem, seawater quality in water subsystem, and all four biodiversity indices. The identified key drivers to catastrophic regime shifts can help to navigate decision making in resilient coastal ecosystem management. The Xiamen case study provides a systematic and quantitative framework for resilience assessment of integrated coastal management and sustainable development.

Background pollution and anthropogenic impact of Cr in Jiaozhou Bay 1989

Chromium (Cr) pollution in marine environmental is one of the critical environmental issues in the whole world. Understanding the background pollution and source of Cr in marine bay is essential to pollution control and environmental remediation. Jiaozhou Bay is a semi-closed bay located in Shandong Province, China. This paper analyzed the background pollution and source of Cr in surface waters in Jiaozhou Bay in April and July 1989. Results showed that Cr contents in April and July were 1.01-3.29 μg L−1 and 0.63-2.36 μg L−1, respectively. These contents were much lower than the Grade I (50 μg L−1) for Cr in Sea Water Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997). The pollution level of Cr in Jiaozhou Bay in 1989 was very slight, and the background pollution level of Cr could be considered as 0.63-3.29 μg L−1. The major anthropogenic sources of Cr were atmosphere deposition and river discharge, whose source strengths were 3.29 μg L−1 and 2.36 μg L−1, respectively. In general, the background pollution of Cr was very slight in Jiaozhou Bay in 1989 and the influence of human activities was still light.

A new concept for marine environmental sustainability through recovery of magnesium carbonate from traditional salt production wastewater

Environmental sustainability influenced social and economy sustainability. Without sustainably productive environment to provide resource foundation, it would difficult having sustainable society. Sustainable economy depends on sustainable raw material, energy and environmental resources. This work discussed about environmental sustainability in marine especially utilizing sea water as raw material for salt. This work started to investigate raw material characteristics and salt quality. The raw material characteristics represented high concentration for sodium, chloride, calcium and polluted by trace metal. According SEM-EDX result, salt contains lead and cooper. Salt farmer income is influenced by the salt quality, the higher its quality the bigger income received. Indirectly, economy in coastal was influenced by sea water quality. This is what encourages the research to achieve marine environmental sustainability in coastal area. The aims of this study are to review and categorize indicator for marine environmental sustainability into Driver-Pressure-States-Impacts-Response (DPSIR) and provide strategies suggestion for support environmental sustainability. DPSIR indicators are utilizing sea water, wastewater discharge into sea, increasing of sea water ion concentration, mangrove growth disruption, regulation for salt wastewater disposal direct to the sea. Recovery magnesium from salt wastewater is potential strategy to protect marine environment and to support economy-social sustainability.

Using a Choice Experiment to Measure the Non-market Value of Sea Water Quality with a Focus on the Incheon Special Area Management Plan

Using a Choice Experiment to Measure the Non-market Value of Sea Water Quality with a Focus on the Incheon Special Area Management Plan

Kelimpahan dan Similaritas Gastropoda di Perairan Melasti dan Segara Samuh, Badung, Bali

Melasti and Segara Samuh beach are located in Badung Regency. Melasti beach (station 1) has a water activity only used for swimming. Meanwhile, Segara Samuh beach (station 2) has been utilized for tourism, such as water sport, and fishing. The development of tourism in both stations is feared to affect the abundance of living biota existence in it. This study aims to identify the difference morphological characteristic and the abundance of gastropods, as well as the similarity between points by type of gastropods. This research has been conducted on February-March 2018. This research also used descriptive quantitative method. It has been found that there were 33 species in two stations that have not much different morphological characteristic and there were 25 different spesies in two stations . Station 1 has value of gastropod abundance which was on 66,8 ind/m2, while station 2 was only 36 ind/m2. In general, the high relation and shells diameter have positive values with the highest R2 is 0,99. A high value of similarity was found on 6 points as the result to the abundance of Conus lividus existence at point 4 and 5 with 0,48 as the highest result of negative correlation analysis. The measurement of water quality parameter at station 1 has resulted as follow; pH 7,7–7,8, DO 5,3–5,6 mg/L, salinity 30,3–30,9 ppt, and temperature 28–28,1 0C. Meanwhile at station 2, it was resulted with pH 7,7, DO 5,3–5,4 mg/L, salinity 30–30,8 ppt, and temperature 29,6-30 0C. Water condition in two stations were still within the range of seawater quality standards for marine life.