Quality Of Public Spending Research Articles

Social exclusion, corruption, recall of authorities, inequality and fiscal centralization: inducers of social conflict in Peru (2016-2023).

The objective of the article was to investigate the possible inducing factors that contributed to determine the frequency of social conflicts at the subnational level in Peru between 2016 and 2021, including income inequality, social exclusion, fiscal centralism, corruption and revocation of authorities, for which four regression models were built. Disaggregated official data from the 24 departments and the provinces of Lima and Callao were analyzed. Economic inequality was associated with the Gini coefficient. To establish the association between social conflict and the inducers, it was estimated using Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient. Statistical calculation was also employed to appreciate the collinearity between the inducers. The results showed that the revocation of subnational authorities determines 42.5% of social conflict. On the other hand, corruption and fiscal centralism determine 28.5% of the perception of suffering social exclusion. Inequality and social conflict determined 21.8% of the relevance of the execution and quality of public spending by the national government in the regions. Sixty percent of social conflicts in Peru are of an environmental nature. The population that has declared the greatest discrimination corresponds to Puno (28%). 55.6% of those surveyed consider corruption to be one of the country's main problems. Corruption and social exclusion have a negative impact on the effectiveness of economic results and promote social conflicts. Inefficient use of fiscal resources translates into low quality of services and diminished credibility of the national and subnational governments. This situation highlights the need to design public policies that reduce conflicts and promote adequate governance.

Efficiency of subnational government expenditure towards elementary education and nutrition: Bootstrap data envelopment analysis for India

The need of translating increasing outlays into better outcomes on various public programmes has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide to focus more on the quality of public spending, often assessed in terms of its efficiency. The present article is a contribution to the existing literature on the subject in that it assesses the efficiency of government expenditure of Indian states for two most basic social services—elementary education and nutrition during 2014–2015 and 2018–2019 using data envelopment analysis and Malmquist productivity index techniques, in both input‐oriented as well as output‐oriented settings under variable returns to scale assumption; it constructs the average performance index for children at elementary education and malnutrition index for women and children to utilise them as output indicators; and it adopts a robust bootstrap truncated regression procedure to avoid various econometric issues while estimating the impact of selected environmental factors on bias‐corrected inefficiency scores. The major findings of this article seem to suggest that, while states should be provided greater flexibility in their fiscal operations, they have to complement their fiscal autonomy with good governance to improve the efficiency of their spending on basic social services. Towards this end, states like Bihar, Jharkhand and those belonging to North‐Eastern and Himalayan regions need special attention with a different set of development policies.

Qualidade do gasto e destinação orçamentária à saúde

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar se os municípios brasileiros que apresentam maiores indicadores de qualidade do gasto público em atenção primária à saúde são também aqueles que destinam maiores recursos orçamentários em saúde, no período de 2008 a 2013. Por meio de amostra probabilística, foram analisados 562 municípios brasileiros de forma estratificada em 5 grupos, a partir do índice de qualidade do gasto público (IQGP), contrastado com o gasto per capita total na área de saúde (DSPC) e em atenção primária à saúde (DAPS). Dos resultados por grupos entre quartis é possível afirmar que, à medida que há uma quantidade mínima de recursos, ainda que em ambientes de baixo desenvolvimento econômico e de oferta de serviços de saúde (grupo 1), é possível obter bons indicadores de qualidade do gasto público (combinação entre alocação de recursos de indicadores em atenção primária), isto é, uma maior alocação de recursos não é garantia de melhores indicadores em atenção primária. Esse resultado foi corroborado pelas regressões estimadas em dois estágios, uma vez que há uma relação negativa entre aumento do gasto em atenção primária e qualidade do gasto público em saúde.

A decision support system for fraud detection in public procurement

AbstractOver the past few years, investigators in Brazil have been uncovering numerous corruption and money laundering schemes at all levels of government and in the country's largest corporations. It is estimated that between 2% and 5% of the global GDP is lost annually because of such practices, not only directly impacting public services and private sector development but also strengthening organized crime. However, most law enforcement agencies do not have the capability to carry out systematic corruption risk assessment leveraging on the availability of data related to public procurement. The currently prevailing approach employed by Brazilian law enforcement agencies to detect companies involved in potential cases of fraud consists in receiving circumstantial evidence or complaints from whistleblowers. As a result, a large number of companies involved in fraud remain undetected and unprosecuted. The decision support system (DSS) described in this work addresses these existing limitations by providing a tool for systematic analysis of public procurement. It allows the law enforcement agencies to establish priorities concerning the companies to be investigated. This DSS incorporates data mining algorithms for quantifying dozens of corruption risk patterns for all public contractors inside a specific jurisdiction, leading to improvements in the quality of public spending and to the identification of more cases of fraud. These algorithms combine operations research tools such as graph theory, clusterization, and regression analysis with advanced data science methods to allow the identification of the main risk patterns, such as collusion between bidders, conflicts of interest (e.g., a politician who owns a company contracted by the same government body where he or she was elected), and companies owned by a potentially straw person used for disguising its real owner (e.g., beneficiaries of cash conditional transfer programs). The DSS has already led to a detailed analysis of large public procurement datasets, which add up to more than 50 billion dollars. Moreover, the DSS provided strategic inputs to investigations conducted by federal and state agencies.

Fiebre de gastos de fin de año: un fenómeno estacional en el Estado de Chile

The quality of public spending becomes more relevant in times of fiscal prudence. The pressure of public institutions to execute economic resources before the end of the year actually generates high spending rates in the last quarter and entails strong operating inefficiencies. This paper aims to demonstrate that this phenomenon has a seasonal and structural character within the government departments and its presence is transversal to different political cycles. Furthermore, international evidence and domestic reality indicate that the modernization of the State has serious challenges regarding tax saving, interannual budgetary flexibility and greater transparency of open data to reduce the control barriers of civil society.

Natural resource curse in oil exporting countries: A nonlinear approach

This paper aims at extending the concept of conditional natural resource curse and examining the quantity as well as the quality of public spending as the main drivers of the oil curse in oil exporting countries. Using nonlinear threshold models, there is evidence in favor of non-linear relationship between oil incomes and economic performances. We show that highly oil dependent countries are more likely to experience inefficiencies in government decision and, by extension, oil revenues misallocation leading to underdevelopment. Relying on human capital as the mirror of the quantity as well as the quality of government spending in education, we find a similar pattern. The alteration in government efficiency is the main mechanism through which oil incomes lead to poor economic performances. Indeed, the direct contribution of oil incomes to total output is rather positive, even if the magnitude of this effect is likely to decrease with the relative level of oil dependence. The estimates indicate that the non-linear model is the better for explaining economic growth divergences across oil exporting countries as well as for reconciling the conflicting results from the empirical literature of the oil curse.

LITERATURE REVIEW IMPACT OF TAX AND SUBSIDY ON REDUCING INCOME INEQUALITY IN INDONESIA

Many countries have used fiscal policy Tax and subsidy as a tool to reduce income inequality and many of them have succeeded to achieve it. In contrast, tax and subsidy in Indonesia tend to have a neutral effect on inequality today. This research aims to identify the factors caused Indonesia fiscal policy doesn't have a significant impact on income inequality reduction and what steps should be taken by the government to improve the role of fiscal policy in order to reduce income inequality. From the literature review, this paper finds that Indonesia should improve the quality of public spending. Indonesia government should Prioritize social spending and infrastructure to improve the fiscal policy role to reduce inequality. In addition, increasing direct tax such as personal income taxes should be done in order to make it more effective.

PUBLIC EXPENDITURE IN THE BAHIA MESORREGIONS: CONSIDERATIONS FROM A MULTIDIMENSIONAL INDICATOR

A importância do gasto público municipal brasileiro com rubricas de abrangência social é relevante na formação e consolidação das contas públicas das unidades subnacionais. Diante disso, objetiva-se analisar a qualidade do gasto público municipal segundo

La evaluación del desempeño de los costos municipales: análisis de un fragmento de la literatura para identificar oportunidades para la investigación futura

In times of crisis, the quality of public spending underscores the need to adopt control instruments, such as costing, and management tools such as Performance Evaluation Systems. With the objective of identifying research opportunities on cost performance evaluation in the public sector, especially the services provided by municipalities, from a fragment of the international literature, this study was developed with the help of ProKnow-C in the selection of A Bibliographic Portfolio composed of 24 articles, which were analyzed based on bibliometrics and systemic analysis. The results demonstrate the lack of constructivist performance evaluation models, considering the specific context and limits of managers, their values, perspectives and preferences, since the role of leadership in this process is highlighted. The results reveal the need to consider the managers’ perception and the characteristics of the environment in the construction of cost performance evaluation models in the public sector.

Public capital, health persistence and poverty traps

Growth dynamics and health outcomes are studied in a three-period overlapping generations model with public capital. Agents face a non-zero probability of death in adulthood. Parental health affects the health status of their children at birth, and health status in adulthood depends on health in childhood. An autonomous increase in life expectancy has an ambiguous impact on growth, because of an adverse effect on the public–private capital ratio. If life expectancy depends endogenously on health status, multiple equilibria may emerge. A reallocation of public spending toward either health or infrastructure may put the economy on a convergent path to a high-growth, high productivity steady state. However, escaping from a health-induced poverty trap can occur only if the quality of public spending is sufficiently high.

Pregão Eletrônico e Eficiência nos Gastos Públicos Municipais

Abstract: Seeking to increase transparency in the public sector, electronic trading has become widely discussed at municipal levels, as a way to enhance efficiency, transparency, economy and celerity in public spending. In this perspective, this study aims to analyze the contributions of the electronic bidding to improve the purchase of common goods and services, and consequently, enhance the efficiency and quality of public spending. The performance analysis of different methods has revealed the average percentage of savings afforded by bidding modalities. The study concluded that electronic trading is a tool against opportunistic behavior of contractual agents, because it hinders the formation of cartels, corruption and fraud thus contributing to the efficiency in the municipal public spending. Key-Words : Public Administration, Transparency, E-government

Retos de la gestión pública: presupuesto por resultados y rendición de cuentas

Document searches draw attention to the need to discuss, theoretically and practically, the challenges that must be faced by public administration in the management of preparing a budget by results and accountability, particularly when taking into account the useful tools in the process of ensuring “good government”.To do this, a conceptual analysis of both tools was performed. Firstly, the management by results approach is presented, along with the challenges that this new framework involves for the public administration in relation to the optimisation of the use of public resources, to ensure a transparent and equitable process and to improve the performance of public bodies, becoming the basis for better accountability (the second aspect analysed in the document).Accountability becomes a challenge, on being an effective means of monitoring and sanctions between society and government, through which the public servants have to respond, explain and justify their actions, subjected to an ethical and juridical order, to the completing of objectives. It is here where the direct participation by the civil society is fundamental for the evaluation of the results.The document analyses these concepts at a time when our country has the improvement in the quality of public spending as a national priority. Thus, the results approach in the budget preparation has to be considered, by those responsible for economic policy, such as a key mechanism to achieve this, and in turn accountability is particularly linked, to the push that it attempt to give to social policy, as an important element in the administration for the management of public funds, which can help to ensure the effectiveness and transparency of these processes.

AS AUDITORIAS DA CGU E A TRANSPARÊNCIA LICITATÓRIA DOS MUNICÍPIOS PAULISTAS

Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia de análise da relação entre a transparência dos procedimentos de licitação utilizados pelas admi­nistrações municipais e as irregularidades apontadas nestes municípios nos relatórios da Controladoria Geral da União (CGU). Para tanto, enfoca-se a aplicação local de recursos públicos federais nas áreas de saúde e de educação. Para este trabalho foram aplicadas estatísticas descritivas como um primeiro critério de avaliação da relação entre transparência e irregularidades encontradas pela CGU. Os resultados iniciais mostraram que a relação é ambígua, o que pede por estudos mais profundos sobre ela. A preocupação deste estudo foi propor uma metodologia de análise da relação entre transparência e qualidade da aplicação de recursos públicos, abrindo a possibilidade de novos debates no estudo de governos locais, e não produzir conclusões robustas e definitivas sobre o tema.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Accountability, licitações, transparência, Controladoria Geral da União, governos locais.ABSTRACT This paper proposes a methodology to analyze the relationship between the transparency of public bidding procedures used by municipalities and the irregularities found in these municipalities in the reports of the Controladoria Geral da União (CGU). To this purpose, it focuses on local allocation of federal public resources in health and education. Descriptive statistics were used as a first evaluation criterion of the relation between transparency and irregularities found by the CGU. Initial results showed that the relationship is ambiguous, calling for further studies on it. The main objective of this study was to propose a methodology to analyze the relationship between transparency and quality of public spending, opening the possibility of new discussions in the study of local governments, and not to produce robust and final conclusions on this theme.KEYWORDS: Accountability, public bidding process, transparency, Controladoria Geral da União, local government.

The Effects of Performance Information on Public Resource Allocations: A Study of Chile's Performance-Based Budgeting System

ABSTRACT This article reports the findings of a mixed-methods study of the effects of performance-related considerations on the allocation of public resources in Chile. The study considered aspects and stages of the budgetary process that most previous research on the relationship between performance assessments and the budget has tended to disregard. By virtue of this distinctive approach, the study identified many instances of performance considerations' influence that many other studies would have failed to capture. Because of its strictly exploratory character, the study could not establish how typical the different types of effects identified are. But it suggests that the effects most neglected in the literature may account for a great portion, if not for most, of the performance assessments' impact on the quality of public spending.

The Role of Fiscal Transparency in Sustaining Stability and Growth in Latin America

Latin America has experienced a resurgence in growth in recent years. However, it is also a region that has been prone to crises while growth has not delivered a significant reduction in poverty and inequality. Maintaining a strong and stable macroeconomic performance in Latin America will depend on further cuts in public debt, identification and reduction of fiscal vulnerabilities and improvements in the quality of public spending. Improvements in governance and the business environment will also aid in attracting investment. This paper draws on assessments of fiscal transparency in twelve countries in Latin America to highlight good fiscal management and improvements in fiscal transparency that might enhance the prospect for sound fiscal performance and a more favorable investment environment. This would be an important step toward sustaining stable, higher quality growth in the region.

The Role of Fiscal Transparency in Sustaining Stability and Growth in Latin America

Latin America has experienced a resurgence in growth in recent years. However, it is also a region that has been prone to crises while growth has not delivered a significant reduction in poverty and inequality. Maintaining a strong and stable macroeconomic performance in Latin America will depend on further cuts in public debt, identification and reduction of fiscal vulnerabilities and improvements in the quality of public spending. Improvements in governance and the business environment will also aid in attracting investment. This paper draws on assessments of fiscal transparency in twelve countries in Latin America to highlight good fiscal management and improvements in fiscal transparency that might enhance the prospect for sound fiscal performance and a more favorable investment environment. This would be an important step toward sustaining stable, higher quality growth in the region.

The Impact of Ethnic Heterogeneityon the Quantity and Quality of Public Spending

The paper investigates empirically the impact of ethnic heterogeneity on the amount of public spending on health and education and the quality, or “technical efficiency” of spending. While it finds partial evidence for the claim that more heterogeneous societies spend less on public goods, it suggests that heterogeneity significantly affects the efficiency of public expenditure outcomes in terms of social indicators. The results suggest that the impact of heterogeneity on public expenditure outcomes is not just a public choice problem, but also an issue of “technical efficiency.”

The Impact of Ethnic Heterogeneity on the Quantity and Quality of Public Spending

The paper investigates empirically the impact of ethnic heterogeneity on the amount of public spending on health and education and the quality, or technical efficiency of spending. While it finds partial evidence for the claim that more heterogeneous societies spend less on public goods, it suggests that heterogeneity significantly affects the efficiency of public expenditure outcomes in terms of social indicators. The results suggest that the impact of heterogeneity on public expenditure outcomes is not just a public choice problem, but also an issue of technical efficiency