Mineral Water Quality Research Articles

Examination of the natural mineral water quality in the Kesserwan region, Lebanon

IntroductionWater is an essential element for life, especially the water that we drink. The water is consumable for humans as soon as it meets certain quality requirements. Any chemical, physical, or biological change in water quality may lead to harmful effects on health. ObjectiveThis study presents the updated situation of some spring water from groundwater in Lebanon, specifically in the Kesserwan region. MethodTo assess the quality of the water, certain physico-chemical parameters such as total dissolved solids, temperature, pH, and microbiological indicators were monitored on 15 sampling sources covering the Kesserwan region. All the parameters were studied during the winter period. ResultsThe results identified multiple contaminated sources in Kesserwan. Consequently, groundwater cannot be consumed directly without treatment. Out of the 15 sources tested, only 8 were found to be microbiologically safe, while the remaining 7 were contaminated and required treatment before consumption or use. ConclusionEach municipality in the region should be responsible for protecting and maintaining the cleanliness of the areas surrounding the spring water. Additionally, regular, systematic testing of the spring water must be conducted to ensure its suitability for drinking by confirming the absence of contaminants.

Methodology to Increase the Efficiency of the Mineral Water Extraction Process

The most important source of human life support is water. During the development of mineral water fields, unsustainable patterns of production and consumption have been observed, which could lead to environmental damage and the deterioration of mineral water quality and sources. In this work, a procedure for determining the modified link’s parameters, replacing the static and dynamic indicators of the hydrodynamic process, is proposed. Recording the parameters at the different filtration coefficients along the spatial coordinates allows the environmental safety of aquifers to be increased and the pressure of the reservoir to be stabilized. The presented approach allows the accuracy of the process used to control the reservoir’s pressure to be increased.

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN KUALITAS DEPOT AIR MINERAL ISI ULANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE TOPSIS (TECHNIQUE FOR ORDER PREFERENCE BY SIMILARITY TO IDEAL SOLUTION)

The Decision Support System (DSS) for determining the quality of mineral water depots using the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method is an application designed to assist mineral water depot managers in selecting the best mineral water supplier based on certain criteria. The TOPSIS method is used to solve multi-criteria problems by considering the relative proximity to ideal solutions and anti-ideal solutions. First, relevant criteria for assessing the quality of mineral water are selected, including physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. Then, mineral water quality data from various suppliers is processed and normalized. Next, the normalized decision matrix is used to calculate the ideal solution and anti-ideal solution matrices. After that, a relative closeness score for each supplier is calculated based on the Euclidean distance to the ideal and anti-ideal solutions. The results of the TOPSIS analysis are used to provide recommendations for the best mineral water suppliers. By using this system, mineral water depot managers can optimize supplier selection based on predetermined quality criteria, thereby increasing customer satisfaction and maintaining the reputation of the mineral water depot in the market.

Alat Monitoring Kualitas Air Minum Menggunakan Sensor TDS Berbasis Internet of Things

Water is a natural resource that is very important for life, especially for humans. Human needs for clean water always increase from years to years. Mineral water from the depot makes it easier for consumers to choose the quality of mineral water. This final project aims to make a drinking water quality monitoring tool with a Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) sensor that can read dissolved substances in water. The microcontroller used to store sensor data is a NodeMCU ESP8266, the data is sent to Firebase then the data in Firebase will be forwarded to Android with Internet of Thing (IoT) technology. The result of the average error percentage for the comparison of the TDS sensor with the TDS meter is 16.82%. All test results from five samples of TDS sensor data and TDS meter can be concluded that the quality of drinking water is very good, because the sensor readings are below 300 PPM.

Comparative assessment of identification indicators of the mineral waters of the Nagutsky and Essentuksky deposits by the example of medical and table waters “Nagutskaya‑4” and “Essentuki no. 4

Currently, Russia occupies a leading position in the world in terms of mineral water reserves and the production of packaged mineral drinking water based on them. Identification of food products is one of the modern problems of mankind, which fully applies to packaged mineral water. The article discusses the relevance of developing methodological approaches to the choice of identification indicators of packaged mineral waters. Packaged mineral waters are not only recognized as a food product, but also are a valuable natural balneotherapeutic resource that has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect on the human body. In this regard, the most important task is to develop scientifically based principles and algorithms for determining the geographical origin and authenticity of packaged mineral waters. Currently, the area of traditionally normed indicators of the quality and safety of mineral waters does not imply the possibility of unambiguous identification of products by geographical, natural, and other characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical parameters and isotopic characteristics of the mineral water “Nagutskaya — 4” to develop a set of identification indicators. Water quality and compliance with established standards were assessed by organoleptic (transparency, color, taste and smell) and physicochemical (basic composition, mineralization, biologically active components, microcomponents) parameters. Analytical studies of the isotopic characteristics of water were carried out on a Delta V Advantage isotope mass spectrometer with a GasBench II modular set-top box. A list of indicators for the identification of mineral water “Nagutskaya — 4” is proposed, in which, in addition to the main indicators, it is recommended to include fluorides, toxic metals (lithium, strontium, barium) and biologically active components (iodine and bromine), which are typical for this group of waters. It was from the well of the Nagutskoye deposit that packaged water was sold under the brand name “Essentuki No. 4” in the recent past. Therefore, a comparative assessment of the identification indicators of the mineral medicinal table waters “Nagutskaya‑4” and “Essentuki No. 4” was carried out. The results of the assessment showed statistical differences both in the main identification indicators (basic composition, mineralization, biologically active components) and in additional ones (trace components and isotopic characteristics).

Hydrochemistry and strontium isotope fingerprints of solute sources and CO2 consumption in Changbai Mountain area, Northeast China.

As one of the most representative forms of groundwater, mineral water provides a critical understanding of regional hydrogeochemical features and rock weathering processes. However, current studies have mostly focused on the quality of mineral water and have rarely addressed the weathering process during its formation. Therefore, a multi-tracer approach combines chemical parameters, major ions, selected trace elements, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios for mineral water samples in Changbai Mountain during 2020-2021. First, we determined the hydrogeochemical characteristics of different types of mineral water. Secondly, the water-rock interaction processes governing the water mineralization were described to fix the hydrogeochemical background. Thirdly, the chemical weathering rate was calculated. The total dissolved load generated by rock weathering was around 6.76 tons/km2/year in the mineral water catchment area; 44.6% and 36.9% of the dissolved load were derived from silicate and carbonate weathering, respectively. The trace carbonates also played an important role in the overall rock weathering. Finally, after fully considering various influencing factors, we concluded that lithological characteristics and the soil environment rich in organic acids were the most important factors affecting rock weathering in the Changbai Mountain area. Overall, this study highlights the mineral water's role in the fluxes of CO2 in local area and reveals possible influence of the unique ecological and geological environment on rock weathering in Changbai Mountain. It can provide a reference for the subsequent assessment of environmental stability for basalt areas and the possibility of sustainable water resources development.

Analysis of mineral water quality based on SNI 3553:2015 and its consequences from legal perspectives

This study aims to analyze the quality of mineral water based on physical, chemical, and microbial parameters and its legal consequences. The assessment standard used is SNI 3553:2015, and the test was conducted using five samples of mineral water produced and marketed in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia. Physical testing parameters consist of odor, taste, turbidity, and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS). Chemical testing parameter consist of pH. While microbial parameter is Total Plate Count (TPC). At the same time, the statute approach is used to see the legal consequences. The results obtained indicate that all test parameters namely odor, taste, turbidity, TDS, pH and TPC meet the mineral water quality requirements according to SNI 3553:2015. Then, the regulation of mineral water standards is an obligation based on the Regulation of the Minister of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia. The legal consequences if the fulfillment of mineral water quality is not required can befall business actors, ranging from sanctions for revocation of business licenses to criminal sanctions. Therefore, mineral water as a basic modern human need must meet the quality requirements according to SNI 3553:2015 which is accompanied by severe legal consequences.

Quality Evaluation of Geothermal Fluid in the Lindian Area of the Songliao Basin

The quality of geothermal fluids determines their direction of use, and in the past, the evaluation of geothermal fluid quality mainly focused on single well evaluation or local area evaluation. This article uses 5 pieces of geothermal water chemistry data to conduct quality evaluation of geothermal fluids in the Lindian area, mainly including medical thermal mineral water quality evaluation, drinking mineral water evaluation, domestic drinking water evaluation, fishery water evaluation, agricultural irrigation water evaluation, and geothermal fluid corrosiveness and scaling tendency evaluation. The evaluation results show that the geothermal wells in the study area are not suitable for developing drinking mineral water; Not suitable as drinking water for daily use; It cannot be directly used as irrigation water evaluation; Suitable for medical hot mineral water development and aquaculture; Geothermal fluids are all non-corrosive water with minimal fouling, and can be used for geothermal heating after treatment.

Hydrochemical formation mechanism of mineral springs in Changbai Mountain (China)

Changbai Mountain area is an important mineral water storage and development area in China. The hydrochemical composition of mineral water is the decisive factor for mineral–water quality. Based on the hydrochemical data of 74 mineral water samples collected from 2018 to 2020, the characteristics and formation mechanism of the hydrochemical components of the mineral water were analyzed. The results show that the formation of single-type mineral springs (metasilicate mineral water) is controlled by rock weathering; compound mineral springs (metasilicate mineral water with high CO2 content) are the product of CO2-rich, weakly acidic, confined hot groundwater with high salinity, which are mixed with shallow groundwater as rising along the fracture. The volcanic geological process greatly influences the formation of the hydrochemical components of mineral springs on the North slope of Changbai Mountain. The mineral springs on the Longgang Mountain are greatly affected by human activities. The results of cluster analysis only consider that hydrochemical components are consistent with the classification of the areas which concentrated distributions of mineral as determined by hydrogeological and geomorphological studies. The results of this study are useful for understanding the distribution, hydrochemical characteristics, and formation mechanism of mineral springs in the Changbai Mountain area of China and provide the theoretical basis for the protection and development of mineral spring.

Quality control of bottled natural mineral waters

Introduction. The current system of assessing and controlling safety and quality of natural mineral waters requires improvement in accordance with strategic objectives set by the Federation Council of the Russian Federal Assembly and other government agencies. Material and methods. We analyzed archival materials of our laboratory of resort resources, the findings of surveys of mineral water sources and on-site bottling plants, the results of numerous sanitary, epidemiological, and balneological tests of the quality, safety and medicinal properties of bottled natural mineral waters. We also scrutinized legislative and regulatory requirements on the topic. Results. In view of the strategic objectives, we developed guidelines for sanitary, epidemiological, and balneological expert examination, assessment, safety and quality control of bottled natural mineral waters, their monitoring, methods for identifying counterfeit products, and legislative regulation of relevant requirements. Limitations. None. Conclusion. The developed guidelines allow optimization of the system of assessment, safety, and quality control of bottled natural mineral waters.

Hydrochemical assessment of the quality of thermal mineral water for irrigation: The case of Hammam Meskoutine (northeast Algeria)

This study was carried out to assess the state and quality of Hammam Meskoutine's thermal mineral water and its suitability for irrigation. To accomplish this, water samples from ten different thermal mineral springs were evaluated in February and June of 2016, respectively, in the region of Hammam Meskoutine in northeastern Algeria. The analyzed parameters are the water’s physical and chemical characteristics (temperature, pH and electrical conductivity) as measured in situ, and the dosing of the major components (Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) in the laboratory. Based on the chemical analyses, irrigation quality parameters were calculated, e.g. the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), the percent of sodium (% Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), and magnesium hazard (MH). The results showed the spring water there to be generally unsuitable for irrigation practices during the two sampling periods.

The effect of transportation vibration on the microbiological status of bottled mineral water.

Microbiological status and stability are important in mineral waters because of increased global demand. An increase in distribution and supply chains has led to prolonged periods of transportation, causing microbiological changes. Therefore, this study examines the effect of vibration on mineral water quality. Freshly bottled and previously sterilized mineral waters inoculated with microbes isolated from freshly bottled water were tested. The water samples were exposed to random vibration using ASTM (D4169) truck level I, II and III standard vibration protocol for truck transportation at 4 × 1 h at 22 ± 1 °C. After agitation their microbiological status was determined. Under the influence of low-intensity mechanical impact, the growth rate of autochthonous species in the freshly bottled natural mineral water tripled (μcontrol =0.036 h-1 , μvibrated =0.093 h-1 ) and that of allochthonous species doubled (μcontrol =0.035 h-1 , μvibrated =0.069 h-1 ). The latter was also observed in the case of high-intensity vibration (μcontrol =0.102 h-1 , μvibrated =0.200 h-1 ). The effect of the medium intensity of the standard was manifested in the delay in microbial growth. The impact of transportation vibrations on microbiological status changes in mineral water could be observed when subjected to vibration. The native and allochthonous species of mineral water respond differently to changes in intensity. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Evaluation of the water quality of some sulfur springs in Hammam Al-Alil sub-district in Nineveh governorate

The research assessed the quality of mineral water in some sulfur springs in the Nineveh governorate, which are located in the Hammam Al-Alil sub-district on the right bank of the Tigris River. For that, monthly samples were collected from each site (45) water samples at a rate of (9) samples every month from three springs (3 samples \ Appointed) for five months from November (2020) until March (2021). The research aims to conduct a monthly study of water quality by conducting physical and chemical tests for the water of these springs, which included Temperature, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, pH, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Sulfate Ions, Phosphate Ions, Oils and Greases, as well as the tests. Biological measurement of the Total Count of bacteria. Where the temperature values ​​ranged between (30.6-36.6) m, the Electrical Conductivity ranged between (2050.9-2688.4) μmoz/cm, while the values ​​of Total Dissolved Solids were between (1025.4-2761) mg/liter, and the pH was between (6.8-7.3), concerning Total Hardness, its concentrations ranged between (820-1120) mg/liter during the study period, and the results showed that the Total Alkalinity concentrations were between (552-912) mg/liter in terms of calcium carbonate CaCO3, while the Sulfate and Phosphate ions were Between (1485 - 1712.1) and (0.020-0.069) mg/liter, respectively during the study period, the results indicated that the concentrations of oils and grease were between (0.08-0.27) mg/liter and finally the Total Count of bacteria ranged during the study period between (1.5 - 28) 10x5 cells. Ml -1.

Therapeutic areas of the Republic of Tyva

Comprehensive integral assessment of the resort and recreational potential of the treatment areas of the Republic of Tyva. Taking into account the requirements of the guidelines "Bioclimatic passport of the medical and recreational areas" No. 96/226, approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia on February 7, 1997, an integral medical and climatic assessment of the territories of the medical and recreational areas of the Republic of Tyva was carried out. The assessment of the quality of water resources was carried out in accordance with the criteria of the methodological recommendations "Control of the quality and safety of mineral waters by chemical and microbiological indicators" No. 96/225, approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia on 07.04.1997. The typification of water resources is given in accordance with GOST R 54316-2011 "Natural mineral drinking waters". The territory of the Republic of Tyva has the richest reserves of unique therapeutic hydro-mineral resources, and the existing features of landscape and climatic conditions determine the prospects for their widespread use. The surveyed areas are located on mid-mountain and low-mountain landscapes with favorable bioclimatic conditions for the organization of climate treatment and recreation, especially in the warm season. The prospects for the development of climate-balneological and climate-mud resorts in Tuva are shown, especially in terms of medical and health tourism. A detailed database has been developed on the components of the resort and recreational potential (bioclimate, mineral waters, therapeutic mud) of the treatment areas of Tuva. The data obtained formed the basis of proposals for updating the register of resorts and health-improving areas of the Siberian Federal District, which is formed on the basis of the results of many years of research.

Mineral water mining: quality for human consumption and health promotion

This study demonstrates the aspects of research and mining in groundwater mining. It was intended to demonstrate the guidelines of the Mining Code and Water Code as legal beacons under the management of the National Mining Agency – ANM, federal regulator of mineral water exploration; to analyze the importance of water quality control for human consumption, from the compliance with Anvisa Resolutions – RDC-274/275/2005, which standardize the vase and microbiological characteristics. The process to make groundwater available as a mineral good to be industrialized, goes through research stages, till the final test with laboratory analyses for water classification. In this context, its main question is: what is the importance of mineral water quality for human consumption in health promotion? And it aims to analyze the quality control of mineral water, its importance for human consumption and health promotion, as well as the benefits of it. For this, a bibliographic research was carried out, consultation with the relevant legislations, books and websites of public agencies. The results showed that mineral water mining is an activity present in the daily life of society and its regular consumption contributes to the quality and promotion of healthy living, through control of the exploitation of mineral water mines, under the management of the National Mining Agency – ANM. It was evidenced that mineral water brings important health benefits: in body thermoregulation, heat absorption, nutrient transport, oxygen, hormones, composition of blood plasma, digestive juice, saliva formation, tears and urine. Being composed of different levels of micronutrients, which help alleviating health problems, such as: weakening of bones and muscles, reduction of collagen, dryness of the skin, low revitalization of cells and mucosa, aggravated by low consumption of water with drug properties and product of secular use that affect health. It was concluded that the prevalence of each type of mineral water and its composition, from ferruginous, sulfurous, radioactive, magnesian and iodized, can help in therapeutic treatments.

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ МАРКЕТИНГОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ РИНКУ МІНЕРАЛЬНОЇ ВОДИ

It has been demonstrated that in the conditions of overcoming the consequences of corona crisis an important issue is the organization of business processes, which, as of the time of the study, is carried out on a mixed form. It is substantiated that enterprises should assess their capabilities and be ready to make quick business decisions in the case of reintroduction of quarantine for enterprises. It is substantiated that the organization of marketing research of commodity markets and timely provision of managers of structural units with reliable information is important for the effective conduct of business by domestic enterprises on a mixed form. In the study the sequence of information support for marketing research of the mineral water market has been developed. The dynamics of incomes and the level of demand of mineral water consumers during the period of corona crisis has been determined. As a result of the research it was concluded that the mineral water market, unlike other sectors of the economy, has favorable prospects for further development. A portrait of a mineral water consumer and his level of satisfaction with the quality of mineral water, pricing and assortment policy on the domestic market have been determined. This study will determine consumer preferences for the choice of mineral water and take into account its results by domestic production and trade enterprises. Other enterprises will be able to develop a similar sequence of information support for marketing research of the commodity market in which they carry out their business activities.

Mineral Water Quality Influencing Factors in their Selection for Use

The paper presents a way of selecting flat or carbonated mineral waters depending on the purpose for which it wishes to be used. A good mineral water must meet certain physical and chemical qualities at certain temperatures and have the appropriate pH to have the desired therapeutic effect. The analysis of the purpose for which the selection of mineral waters is desired results in the characteristics of the water to be analyzed, compared, and for which a weight of their influence in the decision-making is established. For selected waters, the characteristics receive scores that will in turn influence the selection of the recommended type of mineral water. The conclusions of the paper allow the establishment of a certain type of mineral water for the characteristics imposed by the desired purpose.

Sensory Quality of Portuguese Natural Mineral Waters: Correlation with Chemical Composition

Sensory Quality of Portuguese Natural Mineral Waters: Correlation with Chemical Composition

Design and implementation of the quality of mineral water test equipment using fuzzy logic method based on Internet of Things

Water is a chemical compound that is very important for living things on this earth. The function of mineral water for human life cannot be replaced by other compounds. To ensure that it can be used for needs, quality monitoring must be carried out continuously. This study aims at designing mineral water quality test equipment using the fuzzy logic algorithm method that is equipped with a pH sensor, TDS sensor, temperature sensor, LDR sensor, LCD, Wi-Fi module. The simulation results show that an average value of pH sensor of 8.5 - 12, TDS sensor of 300 - 350 ppm, sensor temperature of 22-25oC, and the resistance of the LDR of 110-170 Ohm sensor for daytime while the evenings of 920 - 970 Ohm. The several types of water tested was 5 areas around Bandung and Telkom University Dormitories. The accuracy of this tool reaches of 80%, it can be seen from the calibration results.

CONDITIONS` JUSTIFICATION AND DEFINITION FOR MINERAL WATER OF CALAGARIVKA DEPOSIT (WELL № 78) OF TERNOPILSKA OBLAST

Problem Statement and Purpose. State Institution “Ukrainian Research Institute of Medical Rehabilitation and Resort Therapy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine” carried out full complex of medical and biological researches about the quality and worth assessment of mineral water of well № 78 of Calagarivka village of Ternopilska oblast from 2013 to 2016. There was also determined the opportunity for their practical usage in medical practice for internal use and for industrial packing. Those results were fundamental part for Medical (balneological) report. Nowadays, underground water of well № 78 is used for industrial packing as natural healing and table mineral water. Geological and economical estimation while counting the exploitable volume of the underground water of well № 78 of Calagarivka village of Ternopilska oblast shows a necessity to work out Conditions` certificate.The purpose of this article is to prove Conditions` certificate according to the results of researches while carring out the activities of geological and economical estimation of exploitable volume of mineral water of well № 78 of Calagarivka deposit.Data & Methods. The complex of researches of well № 78 Calagarivka village of Ternopilska oblast contained field and stationary laboratory findings of macro- and micro component water compound and monitoring of organic carbon content.Results. Well № 78 of Calagarivka deposit is situated 1,0km to the northeast from Calagarivka village of Husiatynskyi district of Ternopilska oblast, on the right-bank of valley downhill of river Zbruch. There was disclosed water-bearing horizon in Silurian fissured limestone and dolomite on the depth from 73,8 m to 78,4 m and from 82,2 m to 90,0 m by well that was drilled with the depth of 100,0 m. Underground water of well № 78 of Calagarivka village of Husiatynskyi district of Ternopilska oblast is characterized by high content of organic substances with low mineral concentration, content of hydrocarbonate, calcium-sodium-magnesium, sodium-calcium-magnesium, calcium-magnesium-sodium (or cationic complex compound). It may be determined as neutral, alkalescent and cold. Due to elevated concentrations, water contains organic carbon – from 8,2 mg/l to 14,4 mg/l with balneological standard that is 5,0 mg/l for water with elevated content of organic substances. Analysis of the expected results about determined water salinity fluctuations allowing for prognostic estimation about their quality allows to conclude the № 78 Calagarivka deposit underground mineral water content to be stable at a time.According to the results obtained, there was worked out Conditions` certificate for mineral water of well № 78 of Calagarivka village of Ternopilska oblast.