Quality Of Life In Individuals Research Articles

Hearing Status and Etiology of Hearing Impairment Among the Patients Visiting Audiology OPD

Introduction: Hearing disability can impair individual quality of life. It can impede communication, disrupt an individual's psychological and social well-being, and cause them to become socially isolated. We aimed to study the hearing status and etiology of hearing impairment in the patients visiting ENT-Audiology OPD. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the ENT-Audiology Department at the National Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Patients suspected of hearing impairment were audiologically evaluated with a MAICO 52 audiometer. A pure tone audiogram was done in each ear of every individual separately and a copy of it was kept along with demographic data and clinical history. Results: Among 410 individuals, 51.9% were males and 48.1% were females; a maximum of individuals were 16-30 (36.6%) years and the mean age was 33.56. Among 410 (820 ears) individuals 16.34%had unilateral hearing impairment and 67.31 %had bilateral hearing impairment. In 686 pathological ears, 51.45% suffered from otitis media followed by presbycusis in 14.47%. The conductive type of hearing impairment in 36.21% of patients and a mild degree of hearing impairment in 36.34% of patients were the most common. Conclusions: The prevalence of hearing impairment in this region is high. Otitis media was found to be the main cause of hearing disability and a mild degree of hearing loss was more evident. Preventive measures, early identification, and treatment can reduce hearing-disabling conditions.

Psychiatric Disorders and Cognitive Fluctuations in Parkinson's Disease: Changing Approaches in the First Decades of the 21st Century.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder characterized, in addition to the well-recognized motor disturbances, by a complex interplay between cognitive and psychiatric manifestations. We dissect the complex landscape of PD-related psychiatric symptoms, taking into account the impact of functional neurological disorders, somatic delusions, impulse control disorders, and conditions within the bipolar spectrum. The newer entities of somatoform and functional neurological disorders, as well as preexisting bipolar spectrum disorders, are analyzed in detail. Moreover, we emphasize the need for a holistic understanding of PD, wherein the cognitive and psychiatric dimensions are valued alongside motor symptoms. Such an approach aims to facilitate early detection and personalized interventions, and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals suffering from this neurodegenerative disorder.

Neural functional rehabilitation: exploring neuromuscular reconstruction technology advancements and challenges.

Neural machine interface technology is a pioneering approach that aims to address the complex challenges of neurological dysfunctions and disabilities resulting from conditions such as congenital disorders, traumatic injuries, and neurological diseases. Neural machine interface technology establishes direct connections with the brain or peripheral nervous system to restore impaired motor, sensory, and cognitive functions, significantly improving patients' quality of life. This review analyzes the chronological development and integration of various neural machine interface technologies, including regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces, targeted muscle and sensory reinnervation, agonist-antagonist myoneural interfaces, and brain-machine interfaces. Recent advancements in flexible electronics and bioengineering have led to the development of more biocompatible and high-resolution electrodes, which enhance the performance and longevity of neural machine interface technology. However, significant challenges remain, such as signal interference, fibrous tissue encapsulation, and the need for precise anatomical localization and reconstruction. The integration of advanced signal processing algorithms, particularly those utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning, has the potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of neural signal interpretation, which will make neural machine interface technologies more intuitive and effective. These technologies have broad, impactful clinical applications, ranging from motor restoration and sensory feedback in prosthetics to neurological disorder treatment and neurorehabilitation. This review suggests that multidisciplinary collaboration will play a critical role in advancing neural machine interface technologies by combining insights from biomedical engineering, clinical surgery, and neuroengineering to develop more sophisticated and reliable interfaces. By addressing existing limitations and exploring new technological frontiers, neural machine interface technologies have the potential to revolutionize neuroprosthetics and neurorehabilitation, promising enhanced mobility, independence, and quality of life for individuals with neurological impairments. By leveraging detailed anatomical knowledge and integrating cutting-edge neuroengineering principles, researchers and clinicians can push the boundaries of what is possible and create increasingly sophisticated and long-lasting prosthetic devices that provide sustained benefits for users.

Heart Failure in Diabetes Mellitus: the Pathogenesis and Treatment

People with diabetes mellitus are more likely to develop heart failure, and those with both conditions often experience a worse prognosis compared to heart failure patients without diabetes. This paper will summarize the pathogenesis of diabetic heart failure and propose treatment and prevention options for diabetic patients with heart failure based on the existing literature and data results. Both types of diabetes lead to high blood sugar levels, which, along with diabetes itself, exert different effects on the heart. As time goes on, it causes heart failure. The outcome demonstrates how chronically elevated blood sugar levels can lead to inflammation and accelerate the development of heart failure. Significant roles are also played by oxidative damage, insulin resistance, and other variables. It has been demonstrated that altering one's lifestyle can avoid diabetic heart failure and improve the quality of life for individuals with asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Survey of Latin American ketogenic diet centers: Challenges and success for "La Terapia Cetogénica".

Despite growing recognition of the efficacy of ketogenic diet therapies (KDT) in reducing seizure frequency and improving the quality of life for individuals with epilepsy, several factors hinder their widespread adoption across Latin America. Specific challenges in the region have been discussed but not formally studied. Currently, no data exist on the availability and operation of KDT teams in the region. To address this gap, we conducted a survey of KDT centers across Latin American countries in the framework of the biannual International Ketogenic Diet Conference in September 2023. A seven-question survey was distributed via email to neurologists, dietitians, or through indexed publications. Of the 16 centers approached, 14 (87.5%) responded, identifying 98 KDT centers. Nearly half (49%) are public institutions, primarily in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico; 44 are private; and 5 are mixed. Core teams in all centers included a neurologist and dietitian, with some teams in Argentina, Chile, and Paraguay also involving a medical nutritionist. None of the centers reported a protocol for transitioning to adult care, and consistent data on Glut1 patients and protocols were lacking. Over the past two decades, the KDT landscape in Latin America has improved, with established centers expanding and new ones emerging. However, continued efforts are needed to promote KDT adoption in countries where it is not yet practiced and in regions with limited resources and expertise.

IMPACT OF BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING (BFRT) VERSUS TRADITIONAL STRENGTH TRAINING IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS ON PAIN AND QOL

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the third leading cause of disability worldwide, significantly impacting pain, physical function, and quality of life (QoL). Among its types, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most prevalent, affecting over 80% of individuals with OA. Effective conservative management is crucial for mitigating its physical and social burden. Exercise therapy, including strength training, has been widely utilized; however, the comparative efficacy of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) and traditional strength training remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to compare the impact of BFRT and traditional strength training on pain and QoL in patients with KOA. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted between March 2024 and August 2024, enrolling 38 patients with KOA using a purposive sampling technique. Participants aged 40–70 years with clinically and radiologically confirmed KOA experiencing moderate-to-severe symptoms were included. Patients with contraindications to BFRT, such as vascular disorders or recent surgeries, were excluded. The interventions included BFRT with low-load resistance and traditional high-load strength training. Pain and QoL were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), respectively. Ethical considerations were followed throughout the study, and SPSS version 24 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Baseline VAS scores were 7.4 ± 1.1 for the BFRT group and 7.3 ± 1.2 for the traditional group (p = 0.87). Post-intervention, VAS improved significantly in both groups, with BFRT showing a greater reduction (3.2 ± 1.0) compared to the traditional group (4.5 ± 1.1, p = 0.01). KOOS scores improved from 48.6 ± 6.9 to 72.3 ± 7.5 in the BFRT group and from 47.9 ± 7.2 to 64.7 ± 8.1 in the traditional group (p = 0.03). Both groups demonstrated significant improvements, with BFRT showing superior results. Conclusion: Both BFRT and traditional strength training significantly improved pain and QoL in KOA patients, with BFRT yielding more pronounced benefits. BFRT offers a promising low-load alternative for managing pain and enhancing QoL in individuals with KOA.

Effectiveness of neuro-feedback on Alzheimer's rehabilitation: a bibliometric analysis.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with limited treatment options. Neurofeedback, a technique that trains brainwaves, has shown promise in addressing cognitive impairments. To conduct a bibliometric analysis to explore the current research on neurofeedback as a treatment for AD. A systematic literature review was performed based on PRISMA guidelines on 142 papers. Different bibliometric parameters like the author's country, author names, keywords, journal names, and country of citations were analyzed, and a network visualization chart was generated to understand the correlation of Alzheimer-related search terms to neurofeedback. Research is concentrated in Europe and North America, with a significant gap in Asian countries. A growing body of evidence supports the potential benefits of neurofeedback for AD. A strong correlation has been found between neurofeedback and AD-related terms. Clinical trials suggest positive outcomes for neurofeedback in improving cognitive impairments and working memory. Neurofeedback shows promise as a potential treatment for AD. Further research and clinical studies are needed to explore the full potential of neurofeedback for enhancing the quality of life for individuals with AD.

Augmenting Adherence: Improving Medication Compliance and Patient Education in Anti-Retroviral Therapy through Graphical Representation.

Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) is a fundamental principle in the management of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, significantly improving the quality of life for individuals living with the virus. However, the success of ART crucially depends on patient adherence to complex medication regimens that come with the therapy. Patients must meticulously adhere to their prescribed treatment plans to maintain viral suppression and prevent the progression of HIV. Medication adherence, a multifaceted challenge in healthcare, becomes particularly entangled within the realm of ART. Patients are often prescribed a combination of antiretroviral medications, each with unique dosing schedules and dietary requirements as instructed by the physician. For individuals with varying levels of health literacy, language proficiency, and cultural backgrounds, comprehending and adhering to these regimens can be overwhelming and challenging. Non-adherence to these medications can result in treatment failure, drug resistance, and compromised health outcomes that burden the healthcare systems. In that perspective, the role of pictograms as visual aids emerges as part and parcel of patient education and counseling within healthcare systems. Pictograms are graphical representations of concepts or actions designed to transcend linguistic and literacy barriers. When used in conjunction with ART, they simplify complex medication instructions, empower patients with knowledge, and improve adherence. Generally, the role of pictograms in supporting medication adherence and patient counseling in antiretroviral therapy is a powerful testament that serves a purpose in bridging communication and literacy gaps within the healthcare systems. By simplifying complex medication regimens, empowering patients with knowledge, and fostering adherence, pictograms contribute to better health outcomes and the overall success of ART. As healthcare providers and systems continue to harness the potential of pictograms, patient education and adherence in the management of HIV and other chronic conditions stand to be greatly enhanced.

Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Health Parameters in Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review.

Intellectual disability (ID) encompasses diverse challenges that affect daily life and health. Sedentary behaviors, prevalent in this population, contribute to alarming health concerns, notably obesity and musculoskeletal issues. This review examines the role of physical activity (PA) interventions in addressing these health challenges among children and adolescents with ID. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases, using specific keywords aligned with the PICO framework (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome). From January 2013 to October 2024, a total of 5236 studies were identified, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria for this review according to PRISMA procedures. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on the impact of PA on body composition, physical fitness, bone health, metabolic indicators, and overall quality of life were included. The study cohort consisted of individuals aged 13-24 diagnosed with ID. The findings consistently highlight the positive relationship between PA interventions and improved health markers in individuals with ID. Diverse PA interventions, ranging from strength training to high-intensity exercises, demonstrated significant improvements in body composition, physical fitness, and bone mineral density. Notably, higher-frequency PA programs (minimum three sessions per week) yielded more substantial benefits. This review underscores the potential of adapted PA interventions to address health concerns and enhance the quality of life for individuals with ID. Further comprehensive research is needed to establish standardized guidelines for effective PA interventions in this population.

Effects of whole body vibration versus wobble board balance exercises on muscle activity, dynamic balance, pain, function, and quality of life in individuals with knee osteoarthritis

Effects of whole body vibration versus wobble board balance exercises on muscle activity, dynamic balance, pain, function, and quality of life in individuals with knee osteoarthritis

Assistive Eyewear: Arduino Powered Eyeglasses for Blind Individuals

The quality of life for individuals with visual impairments has been significantly enhanced by assistive technologies. This paper introduces a new solution called Arduino Powered Eyeglasses (APE) for Blind Individuals tailored specifically for blind individuals. APE integrates sophisticated sensors, microcontrollers, and audio feedback systems into a wearable device, enhancing spatial awareness and navigation capabilities. Utilizing ultrasonic sensors, the system detects obstacles in the user's path and delivers real-time audio feedback through a buzzer embedded in the eyeglasses frame. Furthermore, it has an embedded vibration motor that acts as a feedback system as well when navigating an outdoor and indoor environment that is noisy. The design, implementation, and preliminary evaluation of APE are presented herein, emphasizing its effectiveness in aiding blind individuals with various daily tasks and promoting independence and mobility. APE's affordability and user-friendly interface position it as a promising solution for empowering individuals with visual impairments to navigate the world with increased confidence and autonomy.

Integrative and Multi-Disciplinary Treatment for Severe Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic and complex psychiatric condition characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions), affecting approximately 2.3% of the global population. This paper presents an integrative and multi-disciplinary treatment approach employed at the Westwood Institute for Anxiety Disorders, directed by Dr. Eda Gorbis. Traditional treatments like Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) and pharmacotherapy, while effective for many, often leave residual symptoms or fail in treatment-resistant cases. To address these limitations, the Westwood Institute integrates newer modalities such as Mindfulness-Based Behavioral Therapy (MBBT) and cognitive restructuring into a comprehensive treatment framework. We review the current understanding of OCD, emphasizing its varied symptomatology, complex etiology, and significant impact on daily functioning. The importance of thorough assessment and psychoeducation in tailoring individualized treatment plans is underscored, ensuring that all relevant aspects of the disorder are addressed. The integrative model at the Westwood Institute involves a diverse team of healthcare professionals, including psychiatrists, psychologists, exposure coaches, and family therapists, working collaboratively to provide holistic care. This paper aims to provide clinicians with a detailed overview of the integrative treatment strategies utilized at the Westwood Institute, highlighting the potential for improved outcomes in even the most refractory cases of OCD. By combining traditional and innovative therapeutic modalities within a cohesive framework, this approach offers a promising pathway for enhancing the quality of life for individuals living with OCD.

Diagnosis and Management of Neuropathic Breast Pain

Summary: Chronic postoperative pain after breast surgery is a significant concern, with studies indicating varying rates depending on the type of surgical procedure. The risk of developing neuropathic pain is notably increased with axillary lymph node dissection due to potential nerve injuries. Additionally, the method of breast reconstruction may influence postsurgical pain rates, with conflicting findings on the impact of reconstruction type. Recent advancements in techniques such as targeted muscle reinnervation, among others, show promise in addressing postoperative pain in these patients. As the prevalence of these procedures rises, future research is likely to focus on assessing and managing pain in this patient population. The development of patient-reported outcome measures specific to breast surgery pain can aid in clinical assessment and treatment planning. This review emphasizes the importance of gaining a deeper understanding of risk factors, nerve anatomy, and treatment options to enhance outcomes and quality of life for individuals undergoing breast surgery.

Health-related quality of life in individuals with endometriosis and mental health symptoms: a scoping review

Health-related quality of life in individuals with endometriosis and mental health symptoms: a scoping review

MSR34 Exploring Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals With Diabetes: Insights From Machine Learning Algorithms

MSR34 Exploring Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals With Diabetes: Insights From Machine Learning Algorithms

Occupational therapy‐based rehabilitation of sciatic nerve pain

AbstractSciatica is a severe form of pain caused by compression of the sciatic nerve that radiates from the back toward the hip and outer side of the leg. Conventional treatments for sciatica include pain medication, physical therapy, and surgery in severe cases. However, these approaches can be invasive and costly and may not provide long‐term relief. Occupational therapy refers to the intentional and strategic application of various activities associated with daily life, work, education, and leisure to address functional impairments. Focusing on targeted exercises, manual techniques, and ergonomic modifications to alleviate symptoms and improve function, it offers a promising alternative to medical treatments. Occupational therapy interventions for sciatica can reduce pain, increase mobility, and enhance the overall quality of life. As an empowering approach, such techniques aid symptom management and functional independence. This article explores occupational therapy‐based assessments, interventions, outcomes, progress tracking, pharmacotherapy, challenges owing to surgical approaches, and devices for sciatic pain rehabilitation, with assessments aimed at improving the overall quality of life for individuals affected by this condition. Future research should focus on developing and validating new assessment tools and outcome measures specific to sciatica, enabling more accurate evaluation and progress monitoring.

Comparative effectiveness of physical exercise interventions on sociability and communication in children and adolescents with autism: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of physical activity as a crucial intervention for Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in clinical settings, we conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of various exercise interventions on sociability and communication in individuals with ASD. Our aim was to identify the exercise modalities most conducive to enhancing these essential skills.MethodsWe searched Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, and searched Chinese databases from inception to April 2024. We included randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of different exercise types on sociability and communication in individuals with ASD. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using a frequentist approach, and the node-splitting method was applied to assess inconsistency.ResultsWe included 38 original studies published between 2009 and 2024, with a total of 1,382 participants analyzed for sociability outcomes. Results indicated that sports games [SMD = 1.12, 95%CI (0.51, 1.73)], combination therapy [SMD = 1.11, 95%CI (0.13, 2.09)], group ball sports [SMD = 1.06, 95%CI (0.37, 1.75)], and outdoor exercise [SMD = 1.02, 95%CI (0.50, 1.55)] were more effective than passive controls. A total of 25 original literatures were included in the analysis of communication ability, involving 904 subjects, and the results showed that combination therapy [SMD = 1.57, 95% CI (0.74, 2.40)], sports games [SMD = 1.01, 95% CI (0.45, 1.56)], group ball games [SMD = 0.85, 95% CI (0.45, 1.26)], outdoor exercise [SMD = 0.79, 95% CI (0.48, 1.11)], and mind-body exercise [SMD = 0.79, 95% CI (0.29, 1.30)], all of which were more effective than passive controls.ConclusionPhysical exercise plays a significant role in alleviating symptoms and enhancing sociability and communication in individuals with ASD. Our findings highlight that sports games, combination therapy, team ball sports, and outdoor exercise are particularly effective in improving sociability. In terms of communication skills, combination therapy, sports games, team ball sports, outdoor exercise, and mind-body exercise demonstrated the most substantial benefits. These results provide a robust foundation for future interventions aimed at improving the quality of life for individuals with ASD.

High Cognitive Functioning ADHD: A Veterinary Student's Perspective and Literature Review

: This study provides a comprehensive review of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), discussing its historical background, prevalence, symptoms, subtypes, comorbidities, and treatment options. ADHD, characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, affects an estimated 5 - 10% of children and 4% of adults worldwide, with a higher diagnosis rate in boys. However, underdiagnosis in girls due to less overt symptoms is a growing concern. The study begins with the case of a girl diagnosed with ADHD, using her experiences to highlight the specific challenges faced by individuals with high cognitive functioning ADHD. This case serves as an entry point to examine how ADHD impacts those who, despite intellectual or academic strengths, struggle with focus, organization, and impulse control. These insights are further explored through the perspective of a veterinary student managing ADHD, offering a unique view on how the disorder interacts with high academic and professional demands. The review examines the various subtypes of ADHD—predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined—and discusses common comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, learning disabilities, and sleep disorders. Current treatment approaches, including behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy, are evaluated for their effectiveness in managing ADHD symptoms. A key theme of this study is the importance of societal awareness in reducing stigma, which can facilitate early diagnosis and access to appropriate treatment. The findings emphasize the need for individualized, holistic approaches to care that address the unique needs and strengths of each person with ADHD. Early intervention and a personalized treatment plan can significantly improve outcomes, leading to better academic performance, emotional regulation, and overall quality of life for individuals with ADHD.

Targeting Chromosome 21 Gene Over-Expression: A Novel Approach to Prevent Health Complications in Individuals with Down Syndrome.

Background: Down Syndrome (DS), caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leads to over-expression of 200–300 genes. This genetic imbalance contributes to various health complications, including an elevated risk of blood cancers. Modulating gene expression is vital to mitigating these risks. Methodology: This study focused on reducing the over-expression of genes on chromosome 21 by inhibiting the proteins they encode. Potential inhibitors were identified and evaluated using electrostatic interaction scoring and protein docking simulations. The goal was to reduce gene expression by 50%, thereby mitigating the harmful effects of over-expressed proteins. Results: Analysis confirmed significantly higher expression levels of chromosome 21 genes in DS individuals. Targeting the encoded proteins successfully reduced gene expression by 50%. Protein docking studies identified a promising inhibitor that effectively blocked over-expressed proteins, demonstrating potential to prevent blood cancer by mitigating the effects of the extra genetic material. Conclusion: This study proposes a novel therapeutic strategy for DS by focusing on inhibiting the over-expressed proteins linked to blood cancer. The identified drug candidates hold promise for improving health outcomes and quality of life in individuals with DS by reducing the risk of blood cancers and other complications.

Integrating product design principles to design a smart assistive cane

This paper presents the design of a smart assistive cane using the principles of product design and quality assurance. The smart cane is aimed at improving the safety and independence of individuals with walking difficulties. The proposed cane incorporates advanced features such as GPS navigation, fall detection, adjustable height, and integrated storage. A comprehensive design process was employed, including a thorough analysis of user needs through a Kano analysis, followed by the selection of appropriate materials and manufacturing methods. The cane's structural integrity and functionality were assessed through rigorous testing and finite element analysis. This research contributes to the development of assistive technologies that can incorporate user’s necessities and builds quality into the product with the design process, significantly enhancing the quality of life for individuals with mobility challenges. It serves as a potential demonstration to designers and researchers to incorporate product design, optimization, and quality assurance principles in design of similar assistive technologies and products.