Quality Of Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

그룹 음악활동이 만성 조현병 환자의 대인관계 능력과 삶의 질 향상에 미치는 영향

본 연구의 목적은 지역사회 재활시설에서 사회복귀를 준비하는 만성 조현병 환자들에게 노 래부르기, 악기연주 등 다양한 음악경험으로 구성된 그룹 음악활동을 시행 후 이들의 대인관계 능력과 삶의 질 향상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것이었다. 연구 대상은 S지역 정신 재활시설 이용자 중 연구 참여에 동의한 54명으로 이 중 31명은 실험집단, 23명은 통제집단으 로 하였다. 사전검사를 실시한 후 실험집단은 회기별 45분씩 12회기로 구성된 그룹 음악활동 프로그램에 참여하였고 통제집단에는 관련 중재를 하지 않았으며 이후 다시 동일한 척도를 사 용하여 사후검사를 실시하였다. 음악활동 프로그램은 검사도구의 하위영역을 반영하여 목적과 단계를 구성하였다. 검사도구는 대인관계 능력을 측정하기 위해서 Schlein & Guerney(1977)가 개발한 도구를 전석균(1994)이 한국의 실정에 맞게 수정 및 보완한 대인관계 능력 척도(RCS) 를, 삶의 질을 측정하기 위해서 국승희(2001)가 개발한 정신질환자를 위한 삶의 질 척도 (Happy-QOL)를 사용하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 실험집단의 대인관계 능력 점수는 전체 하위항 목에서 통제집단에 비해 유의미하게 증가하였다. 둘째, 실험집단의 삶의 질 점수는 전체 하위 항목에서 통제집단에 비해 유의미하게 증가하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 그룹 음악활동이 만성 정신질환자의 대인관계 능력과 삶의 질 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 주었음을 보여준다.

Stress Reactivity: What Pushes Us Higher, Faster, and Longer—and Why It Matters

Brief everyday stressors can provoke cardiovascular, hormonal, and immune changes, and the magnitude and duration of these responses can vary considerably. Acute responses to daily stressors can differ widely among individuals experiencing the same stressor, and these physiological responses may not align with stress appraisals. This review highlights individual and dyadic factors that may heighten and prolong stress reactivity, along with their implications for health. We discuss depression, rumination, early life adversity, and social evaluation as individual-level factors and interpersonal stress processes and relationship quality as dyadic-level factors that may influence physiological stress responses. Heightened and prolonged stress reactivity can provide a gateway to the physiological dysregulation that underlies depression and chronic disease, which themselves alter stress reactivity—a vicious cycle. Interventions that may dampen physiological stress reactivity include yoga, meditation, health behaviors (diet, exercise, and sleep), and cognitive behavior therapy.

Social Capital and Autism in Young Adulthood: Applying Social Network Methods to Measure the Social Capital of Autistic Young Adults.

Social isolation is a core challenge associated with autism. Interpersonal relationships and the resources and support embedded in the social networks of autistic young adults could impact key adult outcomes, including quality of life, mental health, employment, and independence. However, little research systematically measures the networks of autistic young adults and network impact on key adult outcomes. This article demonstrates how social network analysis can be adapted for the field of autism to measure young adult networks. We provide examples as to how this approach could be implemented to yield key insights into the amount and quality of interpersonal relationships and the types of resources embedded in the networks of autistic young adults. The network protocol was feasibility tested with autistic adults during the posthigh school transition period (n = 17, 19–27 years). The parents of three of the recruited young adults also successfully completed a complementary network survey, allowing for the inclusion of the parent-reported network using duocentric network analysis, never before applied to parent–child networks. The implementation data collected from the study suggest feasibility of egocentric and duocentric approaches, with several important modifications to adapt the measure for the field of autism. The future potential of social network research for understanding autism in adulthood is discussed.

Trust and Communication With a Caregiver Reduces Behavior Problems and Protects Against Stress Among Urban Adolescents

Youth, particularly urban minority youth, are exposed to high levels of stressful and potentially traumatic life events that have been linked to a wide array of negative outcomes including internalizing and externalizing problems. Youth perceptions of their interpersonal relationship quality with caregivers and friends were examined as potential promotive and protective factors counteracting the link between exposure to stressful and traumatic events and behavior problems. Participants were 85 urban, predominantly African American of age 13–17 years (60% girls). Results supported the hypothesis that youth report of parent trust and communication would serve as a promotive and protective factor, moderating the association between stressful life events and behavior problems. In contrast, peer trust and communication did not appear to counteract the association between stress and behavior problems. Instead, reports of trust and communication with friends appeared to increase the association between stress exposure and internalizing problems.

Digital Distraction or Stimulated Self-Disclosure: Preadolescents’ Mobile Device Use in the Family Context

Abstract This study explored the social repercussions of preadolescents’ mobile device use within the family context by testing two opposing predictions regarding the impact of technology on the quality of interpersonal relationships. Specifically, we examined whether smartphone and tablet use was positively related to preadolescents’ self-disclosure to their parents and/or displaced family time, which we hypothesized to be related to children’s satisfaction with family life. Results of a cross-sectional survey (n = 698, 49.6% girls, Mage= 10.9, SD = 0.69) provided support for both hypotheses, thus corroborating the presence of at least two diverging pathways that underlie this relationship. Although mobile device use seemed to foster a context that supported children’s self-disclosure to their parents, results also indicated a negative and indirect association through children’s perceived family time. This negative pathway, however, did not hold when social use among children and parents (e.g., playing games together online) was considered separately.

Management of Impulse Control Disorders with Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease

Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs) and related disorders are common side effects of dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and are associated with negative effects on mental and physical health, quality of life and interpersonal relationships. Current management options are limited, as a reduction of dopaminergic medication often leads to worsening of motor symptoms or dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome. The aim of this review was to investigate if ICDs improve, worsen, or remain stable after Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation (STN-DBS). We reviewed retrospective, prospective and randomized-controlled studies published between 2000 and 2019 examining the effect of STN-DBS on one or more ICDs. The number of participants, time of follow-up, methods used to measure ICDs, type of ICDs, the incidence of ICDs before STN-DBS, the incidence of improvement (remission or reduction) of ICDs after STN-DBS, the incidence of de novo ICDs after STN-DBS, stimulation parameters, lead position, change in motor score and change in medication are reported for each study. Available studies suggest that ICDs improve after STN-DBS in most patients and that persisting new-onset ICDs induced by STN-DBS are rare. However, more randomized-controlled studies are needed to confirm the findings and to further investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Pozytywne relacje interpersonalne a dzielenie się wiedzą w zespołach menedżerów najwyższego szczebla

The aim of the article is to determine the relatedness between the quality of interpersonal relationships, measured by the level of their positivity, with knowledge sharing among members of the top management teams (TMT). The analyses primarily concerned the relatedness between interpersonal relationships and a) the declared individual tendency to share knowledge, b) the motives of knowledge sharing among members of the surveyed teams, c) the forms of knowledge sharing. The empirical basis of the article is a CATI research on a sample of 123 managers who are members of decision-making teams in the furniture industry in Poland. The results obtained suggest that knowledge sharing within management teams is related to the level of positive interpersonal relationships of their members. These relationships strengthen the intrinsic motivation to share knowledge, reducing the importance of extrinsic motivators, as well as foster informal and direct forms of knowledge sharing, reducing the importance of institutionalized forms.

The power of positivity: The roles of prosocial behavior and social support toward gratitude

Existing literature demonstrates that gratefulness is a critical determinant for individuals’ well-being and their quality of interpersonal relationships. A sense of gratefulness provides a perspective in which individuals could have a positive evaluation in life, including the way they view challenges. Positive appreciation of life’s challenges would allow individuals to increase their coping ability and would motivate them to do prosocial behavior. This study aims to determine the role of prosocial behavior and social support to individuals’ sense of gratefulness. Participants in this study consisted of 250 participants aged between 13–55 years old. The instruments used in this research were Gratitude Questionnaire, Philosophies of Human Nature Altruism Scale, and Social Support Scale. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The result revealed a strong contribution between prosocial behavior and social support toward gratitude. Gratitude and prosocial behavior contribute in enabling individuals to have a positive evaluation oflife.

DAily time use, Physical Activity, quality of care and interpersonal relationships in patients with Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (DiAPASon): an Italian multicentre study

BackgroundSchizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are ranked among the leading causes of disabilities worldwide. Many people with SSD spend most of their daily time being inactive, and this is related to the severity of negative symptoms. Here, we present the 3-year DiAPAson project aimed at (1) evaluating the daily time use among patients with SSD living in Residential Facilities (RFs) compared to outpatients with SSD and to the general population (Study 1); (2) evaluating the quality of staff-patient relationships, its association with specific patient outcomes and the quality of care provided in RFs (Study 2); and (3) assessing daily activity patterns in residential patients, outpatients with SSD and healthy controls using real-time methodologies (Study 3).MethodsStudy 1 will include 300 patients with SSD living in RFs and 300 outpatients; data obtained in these clinical populations will be compared with normative data obtained by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) in the national survey on daily time use. Time use assessments will consist of daily diaries asking participants to retrospectively report time spent in different activities.In Study 2, a series of questionnaires will be administered to 300 residential patients (recruited for Study 1) to evaluate the quality of care and staff-patient relationships, level of well-being and burnout of RFs’ staff, and quality of RFs using a European standardized questionnaire (QuIRC-SA).In Study 3, the daily time use will be evaluated in a subgroup of 50 residential patients, 50 outpatients and 50 healthy controls using the Experience Sampling Method approach (participants will complete a brief questionnaire -about time use, mood and perceived energy- on a smartphone 8 times a day for 1 week) to compare retrospective and real-time reports. Moreover, their level of physical activity, sleep patterns, and energy expenditure will be monitored through a multi-sensor device.DiscussionThis project is highly innovative because it combines different types of assessments (i.e., retrospective and real-time reports; multi-sensor monitoring) to trace an accurate picture of daily time use and levels of physical activity that will help identify the best therapeutic options promoting daily activities and physical exercise in patients with SSD.Trial registrationISRCTN registry ID ISRCTN21141466.

"I Just Can't Take It Anymore": How Specific Work Characteristics Impact Younger Versus Older Nurses' Health, Satisfaction, and Commitment.

Given the increasing shortage of active nurses in industrialized countries throughout the world, it is of utmost importance to protect their health, satisfaction, and commitment so that they can continue working in their healthcare institution. Building upon the proposed pattern of specific relationships developed by Houkes et al. (2003), we investigated a model of relationships among working conditions (quantitative, emotional, and physical demands), labor relations (quality of interpersonal relations and psychological support), work content (meaning of work, influence at work), and employment conditions (opportunities for development) on the one hand, and health, job satisfaction, and institutional affective commitment on the other hand, for younger versus older nurses. We used data of 3,399 nurses from the Netherlands and 3,636 nurses from Poland from the larger European Nurses’ Early Exit Study (NEXT) and performed longitudinal structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group analyses. The results showed that the proposed pattern of relationships generally holds, but that the nurses’ level of commitment is more determined by meaning of work than by opportunities for development and that psychological support is associated with job satisfaction (and not only with burnout as hypothesized, in both the Netherlands and Poland). Comparing younger (<40 years) versus older (≥40 years) nurses, we found ample support for differences in the proposed model relationships across age category, some being in line with and some being contradictory to our expectations. We argue that a non-normative, tailor-made approach to aging at work might help us to protect the nurses’ career sustainability across the life span. This study provides evidence-based practical recommendations on how to enhance the health, job satisfaction, and commitment of nurses throughout their working life.

Sexual dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder characterized by clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism and ovulary dysfunction. Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) adversely affects quality of life and interpersonal relationships. We aimed to compare the prevalence of FSD in women with and without PCOS. We pooled data from 28 observational studies involving 6256 women. Apart from the total prevalence of FSD, subgroup analyses based on different PCOS diagnostic criteria and obesity status (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25kg/m2) were performed. The differences in total and subscale scores of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) among women with and without PCOS were also compared. Women with PCOS were younger (mean ± SD 28.56 ± 3.0 vs 31.5 ± 3.2years, p < 0.001) with higher BMI (28.5 ± 4.2 vs 27.0 ± 6.1kg/m2, p < 0.001), Ferriman-Gallwey score (10.0 ± 3.2 vs 4.0 ± 2.1, p < 0.001), and serum total testosterone level (2.34 ± 0.58nmol/L vs 1.57 ± 0.60nmol/L, p < 0.001) compared with women without PCOS. The prevalence of FSD among women with and without PCOS was 35% and 29.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference in total FSFI score (24.59 ± 3.97 vs 26.04 ± 3.05, p = 0.237) between the two groups. Women with PCOS, however, had significantly lower scores in the pain (p < 0.001) and satisfaction subscales(p = 0.010) compared with women without PCOS. Women with PCOS had 1.32 higher odds (95% CI 1.07, 1.61) of having FSD than women without PCOS. Women with PCOS have a higher risk of FSD than those without PCOS. Although total FSFI scoreswere not significantly different, women with PCOS tended to report dyspareunia and lack of sexual satisfaction.

Social networks and cognitive function in older adults receiving home- and community-based aged care

ObjectivesSocial engagement has been linked to preserved cognitive functioning in later life. Yet, little is known about the specific network factors that best predict cognitive function in older adults. This study aimed to (i) characterize the quality and quantity of interpersonal relationships and (ii) explore the relationship between social network types and cognitive function in older adults receiving home- and community-based aged care services. MethodsParticipants (n = 175) receiving aged care services participated in a structured interview regarding their cognitive function (Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified), social networks (Lubben Social Network Scale-12) and quality of life (European Quality of Life Scale). Socio-demographic and aged care service use factors were obtained from provider electronic management systems. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the size and composition of clients’ social networks, aged care service use and cognition. ResultsThe sample had a median age of 81 years (range 61-96) and most were women (65.8%). Over a third (37.6%) had cognitive impairment and reported moderately high social networks. Males had higher social networks, were receiving fewer hours but more types of services, and had significantly better cognitive performance. Age, network size and composition were not associated with cognitive performance. DiscussionMore extensive social networks were associated with maintenance of cognitive health for older adults in community aged care. Whether this is causal or a marker of better cognitive health requires a longitudinal approach, and ideally should be tested with interventions at community levels.

Subjective social class, perceived quality of social relationships, and happiness: A case of mediation and moderation across gender

This study investigates the link between social relationship and subjective well-being in the context of social stratification. The authors examine how perceived quality of social relationships and subjective social class are linked to self-reported happiness among men and women in South Korea. The study finds that one’s perception of relative social standing is positively associated with happiness independently of objective indicators of socioeconomic status, while social relationship quality strongly predicts the happiness among both men and women. However, the mediation pathway and moderating effects vary by gender. For men, the nexus between subjective social class and happiness is partially mediated by the quality of interpersonal relationships. No similar mediating effect is found among women. The study also finds gender difference in whether the link between social relationship quality and happiness varies by subjective social class. The happiness return to positive social relationships increases as men’s subjective social status becomes higher, which is consistent with the resource multiplication hypothesis. No similar moderation effect is found among women. Combined, these results reveal potentially different pathways to happiness across gender in Korea, where social status competition, collectivistic culture, and patriarchal gender relations are salient in daily life.

Profiles of Burnout, Coping Strategies and Depressive Symptomatology.

Burnout syndrome is has been associated with mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Given this fact, some teachers implement various coping strategies for emotional control that are not always functional to mitigate such difficulties. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify different burnout profiles that vary in the levels of the three underlying dimensions: depersonalization (DE), emotional exhaustion (EE), and personal accomplishment (PA). Further, this study aimed to examine whether there are significant differences in depressive symptomatology, coping strategies, and the quality of interpersonal relationships at school between teachers with varying burnout profiles. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Coping with Stress Questionnaire, and a questionnaire that measured sociodemographic characteristics were administered to 215 teachers (men: 42.8%) who were recruited from various secondary schools. Cluster analysis identified three different burnout profiles: groups of teachers with a predominance of (a) low levels of EE and high levels of PA, (b) high levels of EE and DE, and (c) low levels of DE and PA. The results revealed that there were significant differences in coping strategies, depressive symptomatology, and the quality of interpersonal relationships at school between teachers with different burnout profiles. These results have important implications for educational professionals. Specifically, the findings underscore the need for prevention and intervention programs that enhance teachers’ emotional skills, especially their ability to cope with exhaustion. These skills will alleviate their depression and consequently offer both teachers and students a conducive learning environment.

Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Social Skills Groups at School: A Randomized Trial Comparing Intervention Environment and Peer Composition

ABSTRACTThis study used a randomized controlled trial to compare two distinct models of group social skills interventions with adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants had a confirmed diagnosis of ASD, had an IQ greater than or equal to 70, and were educated in the general education setting. Data from 62 adolescent participants who were randomized to one of two treatment conditions (skills versus engage) were analyzed. Skills participants had a diagnosis of ASD or social difficulties. Engage groups included adolescents with ASD and typically developing (TD) peer mentors. Skills and engage participants both improved joint engagement and reduced solitary engagement; however, skills participants reported higher social stress and lower quality interpersonal relationships at exit and increased emotional symptoms and problem behaviors at follow-up compared to the engage group. The findings suggest that within inclusive secondary school settings, it may be beneficial to include TD peers in social intervention groups.

Violent Victimization: The Role of Social Support and Risky Lifestyle.

Although engagement in risky lifestyle and routine activities play a major role in increasing the risk of violent victimization, less is known about the factors that precede engagement in risky lifestyles. The quality of interpersonal relationships is shown to be an important factor that influences one's life. Therefore, the lack of social support may be a potential factor that shapes why individuals get involved in risky lifestyles and routine activities. There is evidence that a lack of social support is linked to victimization and a lack of social support is also linked to engagement in risky lifestyle. What is not understood, however, is how these variables are linked with one another. To address this gap, risky lifestyle factors are explored for their potential mediating role in the link between social support and violent victimization. A path analysis is conducted with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The final sample size is 14,322 and the average age of respondents is 16 years old. Results suggest that social support from different sources do not have the same effects on violent victimization, and only certain lifestyle factors mediate the link to violent victimization. The findings imply that a lack of social support not only has direct effects on violent victimization, but also leads individuals to engage in risky lifestyles that also increase the risk of victimization. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Parental ethnic-racial socialization practices and children of color's psychosocial and behavioral adjustment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Despite increasing empirical research documenting the association between parental ethnic-racial socialization and youth of color's psychosocial well-being, evidence on the extent to which ethnic-racial socialization practices are linked to youth outcomes and potential variation in these relations remains equivocal. In the current study, a meta-analysis of 102 studies with 803 effect sizes and 27,221 participants reveals that overall ethnic-racial socialization was positively, albeit modestly, associated with self-perceptions, interpersonal relationship quality, and internalizing behavior. Ethnic-racial socialization's overall association with externalizing behavior was nonsignificant. Moreover, ethnic-racial socialization's connection to psychosocial outcomes varied by the subtype that parents used, the developmental stage and race/ethnicity of the target child, and the reporter of ethnic-racial socialization. In particular, cultural socialization was positively associated with self-perceptions and interpersonal relationship quality and negatively associated with externalizing behaviors. In addition, ethnic-racial socialization's positive association with self-perceptions was strongest in early adolescence and among African American youth. These findings underscore the complexity of parental ethnic-racial socialization practices and the need for a nuanced perspective on it. Implications for parenting practices and future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Socijalna distanca odeljenskih starešina od učenika i roditelja

The quality of interpersonal relationships between participants in the educational process (class teachers, students, parents) affects the creation of a favourable socio-emotional climate in and out of the classroom, and is also a significant factor of integration or disintegration of the collective, good or bad interpersonal relationships, satisfaction or dissatisfaction, success or failure achieved by students. In general, it always has a positive effect on the development of students' behaviour, and it depends on the conditions under which a class was formed, the way the class is managed, the position that students have in the class, their mutual relations and students' readiness for appropriate cooperation. With this paper, we explored the social distance that the class teacher sets in relation to students and their parents as an important prerequisite for a qualitative, open and productive cooperation among the actors of the educational process. The sample consisted of teachers in the role of class teachers, students and their parents from 36 primary and secondary schools in the Zlatibor district. The results of this research indicate that class teachers in primary and secondary schools generally have a close relationship with students and parents, although a more direct cooperation is achieved by class teachers in primary schools than in secondary ones. This confirms a more intensive educational function of primary school, as opposed to a more dominant educational function of secondary school and thus a more dynamic, complex, open and direct work of class teachers in primary school with students and parents.

Predictive Processing of Interoception, Decision-Making, and Allostasis

Emotional intelligence is composed of a set of emotional abilities, including recognition of emotional states in the self and others, the use of emotions to guide thoughts and behaviours, and emotion regulation. Previous studies have demonstrated that emotional intelligence is associated with mental health, social problem solving, interpersonal relationship quality, and academic and job performance. Although emotional intelligence has received much interest both in basic research fields and applied and clinical fields, the mechanisms underlying the functions of emotional intelligence remain unclear. The aim of the present article was to consider the mechanisms of emotional intelligence using a computational approach. Recent theories of emotion in psychology and neuroscience have emphasized the importance of predictive processing. It has been proposed that the brain createsinternal models that can provide predictions for sensation and motor movement, and perception and behaviors emerge from Bayesian computations rooted in these predictions. This theoretical framework has been expanded to include interoceptive perception of the internal body to explain affect and decision-making as phenomena based on interoception. This perspective has implications for understanding issues of emotional intelligence.

Podrška u vaspitanju porodicama u riziku u okviru organizacije civilnog društva - iskustva korisnika udruženja MoSt

Introduction. Some families need additional support in performing a demanding parenting role, especially families at risk who do not have suffcient capacity to adequately respond to the child's needs. The functioning of such families is infuenced by risk factors arising from the family, but also from the wider social environment. Sometimes, the support and the role of a protective factor are taken over by civil society organizations that base their interventions mainly on quality interpersonal relationships and fully and timely meet the needs of children and families at risk. Objective. This research aimed to identify and understand the factors that families at risk perceive as support and assistance. Methods. The theoretical framework of the research is Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of human development. The interview method was used to collect data from 14 participants (mothers, fathers and children), users of the MoSt association from Split. Results. The results obtained by thematic analysis provide insight into: manifest forms of behavioral problems in children in the sample, service providers to families at risk, risk factors leading to the problem, assessment of support by civil society organizations and outcomes of the intervention. Research participants particularly emphasize the feeling of support that arises from the experienced, perceived feeling of comfort, security, friendliness, recognition and acceptance, and even the feeling of "as if you are in a family." Both children and parents value the values behind support, which are respect, friendship, acceptance, and polite, decent communication. Conclusion. It has been shown that the organization of civil society is a kind of "bridge", i.e. that it moderates and facilitates between the family and state institutions. What is visible in the testimony of the participants is the perceived availability of the organization itself, its resources, services and people, as well as the specifcity of the services provided to the family.