Export Quality Research Articles

Do export quality, urbanization and fertility rate affect the ecological footprint? Case study: A panel of developing countries

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of export quality and fertility rate on ecological footprint in a panel of developing countries. For this purpose, panel quantile regression in the period 1990-2014 has been used. Also in this study, the variables of trade openness, urbanization, and GDP per capita were considered as observer variables. Experi- mental results show that the quality of exports and Fertility rate at all levels of the quantile improve the quality of the environment. Open trade and urbanization help to improve the quality of the environment. GDP per capita further degrades the environment. Therefore, policymakers should take into account these factors affecting the ecological footprint and adopt appropriate policies.

Does the internationalisation of China's agri‐food standards affect export quality upgrading?—Evidence from firm‐product‐level data

AbstractChina attaches importance to the development of standards in agri‐food sectors, especially the harmonisation of national standards with international standards. Our study matches agri‐food product standards and firm‐product customs data for the period from 2000 to 2015. We perform an empirical analysis using the ‘distance to the frontier’ model to identify the effects of the internationalisation of China's agri‐food product standards on the quality upgrading of firms' exported products. The results suggest that when Chinese standards are harmonised with international measures, there is a significant positive impact on quality upgrading. In addition, this international standards–quality relationship is nonmonotonic; that is, firm‐level products that are far from the quality frontier are more likely to upgrade quality in response to an increase in standards. Conversely, national standards have not demonstrated good trade performance and have no significant quality‐promoting effect on firms' export products. These results are robust to various checks. Moreover, the heterogeneous effects further suggest that the positive correlation between international standards and quality upgrading is even stronger for modified versions of international standards, in smaller‐sized firms and foreign‐invested firms. Finally, the quality upgrading effects of international standards induce an increase in both the extensive and the intensive margins of firms' exports.

How do industrial robots applications affect the quality upgrade of Chinese export trade?

This study examines the effect of industrial robots applications on the quality upgrade of China's manufacturing export products at the enterprise level. It analyzes import and export data obtained from the China Customs and Chinese Industrial Enterprises databases from 2000 to 2013. The results show that the industrial robots applications significantly promotes the quality upgrade of Chinese manufacturing export products. Moreover, the impact of industrial robots applications on the export product quality is dynamic; it initially increases and then decreases. Heterogeneity test results indicate greater quality improvement effects if robots feature applications in high-tech industries. We also show that importing more robots and for extended periods promotes the effects of industrial robots applications on the export product quality upgrades of Chinese enterprises. Mechanism tests reveal that industrial robots applications can upgrade the quality of export products by improving the labor productivity and human capital level of enterprises. Finally, spillover analyses show that industrial robots applications intensity significantly affects export quality upgrades through spillover effects.

The Heterogeneous Effect of Economic Complexity and Export Quality on the Ecological Footprint: A Two-Step Club Convergence and Panel Quantile Regression Approach

This research aims to answer two fundamental questions of the present time: First, what is the impact of the increasing complexity of economic structures and the production of complex goods on the environment? Second, can increasing export quality lead to the improvement of the environment? Given that the relationship of the ecological footprint and its determinants has been revealed to be nonlinear, the use of the quantile approach is supported. This finding led us to the central hypothesis of this research: economic complexity and export quality first deteriorate the ecological footprint (i.e., in lower quantiles), and the middle and higher quantiles contribute to reducing or mitigating environmental damage. The effect of economic complexity and export quality on the ecological footprint was researched using a two-step approach. First, club convergence was applied to identify the countries that follow a similar convergence path. After this, panel quantile regression was used to determine the explanatory power of economic complexity and export quality on the ecological footprint of 98 countries from 1990 to 2014. The club convergence revealed four convergent groups. Panel quantile regression was used because the relationship between the ecological footprint and its explanatory variables was shown to be nonlinear for the group of countries identified by the club convergence approach. GDP, nonrenewable energy consumption, and the population damage the environment. Urbanisation contributes to reducing the ecological footprint. Export quality and trade openness reduce the ecological footprint, but not at all quantiles. The effect of trade openness mitigating the ecological footprint is lost at the 90th quantile. Export quality becomes a reducer of the ecological footprint in the 50th quantile or above, and in the higher quantiles, its contribution to reducing the footprint is vast. Economic complexity aggravates the ecological footprint in low quantiles (10th), becomes non-statistically significant in the 25th quantile, and reduces the ecological footprint in higher quantiles. Policymakers must identify the impact of the ecological footprint and consider the demand and supply side of economics.

Export Quality and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Public Institutions

Export Quality and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Public Institutions

Analisis Grade Specialty Arabika Pagur Madina Menggunakan Metode AHP

This study was conducted to identify internal and external factors that affect the quality of Pagur arabica for the export market. Furthermore, from the identification, a development strategy for export quality Arabica will be drawn up. Data were obtained from 3 specialties Arabica coffee producers. The data analysis used AHP to determine quality criteria that are in accordance with export coffee quality standards, including moisture content, value of bean defects, levels of impurities and uniform coffee bean size. A total of 10 experts were asked to choose alternatives based on predetermined criteria. The analysis of the weighting of the producer selection data in this study was carried out using the analytical hierarchy process method. The results showed that the criteria that most influenced the selection of Pagur Madina specialty arabica coffee producer grades were the criteria for bean defects with a weight of 0.409, the criteria for bean size with a weight of 0.213, the criteria for dirt content with a weight of 0.213 and the last criterion was the criterion of water content with a weight of 0.069. Meanwhile, the best producer chosen by the respondents is Producer Z with a weight of 0.678 then producer Y with a weight of 0.170 and the last producer priority is supplier X with a weight of 0.152.

Impact of Different Combinations of Processing Steps on Product Quality and Proximate Composition of Bêche-de-mer: A Case Study from Sri Lanka.

Bêche-de-mer (dried sea cucumbers) is considered as one of the most luxurious seafood in the world. The market demand for bêche-de-mer mainly depends on species and product quality. This study is aimed at assessing the effect of different processing methods on the product quality and nutritional composition of bêche-de-mer. Three sea cucumber species, Stichopus naso, Holothuria spinifera, and Bohadschia vitiensis, dominant in the commercial catches of Sri Lanka, were processed by following widely practiced local processing methods where 24, 48, and 24 different processing combinations were tested for each species, respectively. Bêche-de-mer satisfying the export quality were selected by considering their appearance and overall ranking made by exporters (9 individuals per each combination). The proximate composition of these products was assessed using standard methods. According to the exporters' prioritization, very few processing methods used in this study resulted in the export-quality bêche-de-mer. Both product quality and proximate composition showed considerable variations with respect to the processing methods. It is proved that even a very small change in one processing step could lead to produce poor-quality products. Processing methods are species specific, and it is important to select the most appropriate method for each species to produce high-quality bêche-de-mer.

Can the green credit policy enhance firm export quality? Evidence from China based on the DID model

The green credit policy is a crucial tool that the Chinese government adopted to tackle environmental problems by combining environmental regulation and credit policy. This study takes the Green Credit Guidelines (GCG) issued in 2012 as a quasi-natural experiment to examine its impact on the export quality of firms. Using data covering Chinese A-share listed firms and the difference-in-difference (DID) method, the empirical research shows that the GCG significantly enhanced the export quality of heavily polluting firms. The mediation analyses indicate that green innovation plays an intermediate role in enhancing the export quality of firms. The heterogeneity analysis of firm characteristics demonstrates that the improvement effect brought by the GCG is significantly reflected in state-owned firms and firms in financially underdeveloped areas. The research results provide implications for firms on how to deal with the green credit policy. In addition, it also serves as an essential reference for developing economies on the successful implementation of market-based environmental regulations.

Competitiveness of Indonesian Shrimp Exports to Japan in 2010-2019

The growth of fisheries' Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2019 increased from the previous year, with most of it met through export activities, one of which was the export of shrimp commodities. One of the export markets for Indonesian shrimp commodities is Japan. From 2010 to 2019, the value of Indonesia's shrimp commodity exports to Japan fluctuated, so an analysis was needed to investigate how the competitiveness of Indonesian shrimp exports to Japan in 2010-2019 using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method was and what was the position or performance of commodity exports. Indonesian shrimp exports to Japan in 2010-2019 used the Export Product Dynamic (EPD) method. The analysis results show that the average RCA value of Indonesian shrimp commodities is 4.54; the results indicated that the export of Indonesian shrimp commodities to Japan has a comparative advantage and strong competitiveness. While the results of the analysis using the EPD method obtained that Indonesia's shrimp commodity exports to Japan were in a falling star position. This position shows that Indonesia's shrimp commodity exports have a competitive advantage but weak competitiveness because the export growth of Indonesia's shrimp commodities tends to stagnate. It does hope that there will be an increase in the quality and quantity of Indonesia's shrimp commodity exports to reach the

Strategy for Development of Fish Auction Place at Cilacap Oceanic Fishing Port, Cilacap Regency, Central Java

One of fisheries development goals is to increase production and quality of catches. As one of the functional facilities, Fish Auction Place (FAP) has a very vital role in perspective of economy aspect. Therefore, FAP must be optimized by optimally utilizing facilities and providing good services. The purpose of this study is to analyze the existing conditions in the FAP and develop a strategy for developing the FAP at the Cilacap Ocean Fisheries Port. This research was conducted in October 2020 to January 2021. The research used descriptive method. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data that was obtained from OFP Cilacap. SWOT analysis utilized to analyze the factors in determining the development strategy. The result showed that the condition of the Cilacap Ocean Fishery Port FAP is good but there are some facilities that are not well maintained such as the WWTP. The development strategy obtained at FAP of OFP Cilacap is to improve the quality of FAP management in terms of service, to develop human resources through improving skills with targeted training and management programs, to maintain export quality fish such as tuna, and to carry out maintenance and care. complete FAP facilities towards excellent service

Propagation and cultivation practices of honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) for the sustainable production of an export quality indigenous South African tea

AbstractHoneybush (Cyclopia) species are endemic to the Fynbos Biome of the Cape Floral Kingdom in South Africa. Traditionally, honeybush foliage is cut, fermented, and sun‐dried to make an antioxidant‐rich herbal tea. Approximately 80% of honeybush is unsustainably harvested from the wild. All commercial species are indicated on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. Cultivation is thus required to ensure sufficient volumes of tea are produced. A major limitation to cultivation is the poor rooting responses of the species that regenerate from shoots, C. genistoides and C. intermedia, the latter being the most harvested from the wild. The establishment of clonally propagated material is a challenge for all six of the commercially important Cyclopia species. Research on honeybush has mainly focused on the unique properties contributing to flavor, medicinal value, as well as processing. Much less is known about propagation, nutrient requirements, harvesting procedures, plant improvement, and pest and disease management. This review considers management strategies for the sustainable harvesting of wild honeybush and the potential risks of introducing improved plant material. Cultivation practices and management strategies that promote longevity and enhance yield are defined. The inherent rooting ability of cuttings is discussed. Cultivated stands are mostly established by seedlings which results in diversity of vigor and tea quality. A sustainable market based on high‐quality indigenous tea requires the use of clonal material which allows the selection of desired traits and rapid multiplication. Its use would enable improved yield and profitability without compromising tea quality.

Foreign demand shocks, product switching, and export product quality: Evidence from China

AbstractUsing Chinese customs data spanning from 2000 to 2013, we explore how foreign demand shocks in exporting markets impact product switching, factor adjustments, and export quality of Chinese exporting firms. We document that positive demand shocks would render firms to expand product scope by increasing the number of added varieties and decreasing the number of dropped varieties. In line with the expansion of product scope, firms adjust their factor reallocations by hiring more employees and producing in a more capital‐intensive way when facing higher positive demand shocks. Higher capital intensity induces productivity improvement, and thus increases firms' export revenue, export price, and export‐product quality. We also document that positive foreign demand shocks render firms to concentrate less on their core varieties by skewing their export sales away from the best performing products.

Arabica coffee agroindustry supply chain strategy in Bandung regency

Coffee is one of the essential commodities that contribute to the economy in Indonesia. One of the best coffees with export quality is arabica java preanger coffee from Bandung district. Although a contributor to Indonesia’s economy, some previous literature describes the risks in the sustainable supply chain of coffee in Indonesia, especially Arabica Java coffee preanger. This study will describe a situational analysis in the Arabica Java Preanger coffee supply chain in Bandung Regency using a soft system methodology (SSM) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach. From the results of the SSM research, it was found that there were five activities or strategies to achieve a sustainable Java Preanger Arabica coffee supply chain. Namely human resource training, financing modeling, monitoring the selling price of coffee beans, increasing productivity, and improving infrastructure. Furthermore, the results of the calculation of the AHP obtained a priority strategy, namely financing modeling.

Ntb’s Potential as a Sorghum Producer for Alternative Food and Export Commodities

The area of sorghum planted in NTB Province is currently around 650 ha, with details of Bima Regency covering 250 ha, Bima City covering 250 ha, Sumbawa Regency covering 150 ha and West Sumbawa Regency 10 Ha (Kementan RI, 2021). Participation of farmers in sorghum farming, farmers tend to cultivate without tillage and intensive care. The level of technology adoption tends to be low, and Government support for sorghum cultivation is also standard. The Regional Government focuses on rice and corn cultivation through the Central Government program. In the end, low public perception of sorghum cultivation was formed. The cultivation of Sorghum in NTB aims to improve farmers' welfare by cultivating alternative food crops with high economic value, becoming one of the alternative food crops and also a leading export commodity. The method used in this study is through a literature study of several scientific articles, national and international journals and other sources, which were analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of this literature review, the development of Sorghum in NTB with a relatively wide dry land condition can potentially make NTB one of the producers of sorghum with export quality. This condition is supported by the Astra Prosperous Village Program, which has exported several processed sorghum products to various countries. Several countries, such as Timor Leste and Malaysia with a total export value of hundreds of millions of rupiah. The limited use of land for sorghum development is an obstacle and a challenge for sorghum productivity in NTB.

Screening for Export Potential Potato Varieties in Bangladesh

Aims: The main aim of this study was to find out the suitable variety having the export potentiality.
 Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with the two replications in each location.
 Place of the Study: The study was conducted in ten different agroecological environments across the country, namely Bogura, Jashore, Munshiganj, Gazipur, Patuakhali, Faridpur, Debiganj, Madaripur, Thakurgaon and Rangpur district of Bangladesh during November 2020 to March 2021.
 Methodology: Sixty-two released potato varieties and exotic materials were used as planting materials for the experiment. Whole seed tubers of 28–40 mm were planted in the last week of November with a spacing of 60 cm between the rows and 20 cm between the plants. The crops were harvested at full maturity during March. Tuber yield was determined by adding the weights of marketable and unmarketable tubers from the net plot area and converting them to tons per hectare. After that, the tubers were graded in different grades and the dry matter of the potato was analyzed.
 Results: Considering the results, the location Rangpur, Thakurgaon, Debiganj and Bogura are the most suitable place for export variety cultivation in Bangladesh. The potato variety and genotypes 13.7, BARI Alu-12, BARI Alu-61, BARI Alu-68, BARI Alu-73 and Innovator were found promising for export for their yield, tuber size and dry matter content.
 Conclusion: The variety having good yield, bigger size and high dry matter could be selected for export from Bangladesh and the better-performed regions can be utilized for export quality potato production in Bangladesh.

Export quality: the historical bloc, state of exception, and the hegemonic process in the avocado enclave of Michoacán

Export quality: the historical bloc, state of exception, and the hegemonic process in the avocado enclave of Michoacán

Abnormal Shapes Identification of Gedong Mango Using Dimensionless Shape Factors in Image Processing

In addition to size, export quality requirements for gedong mango among others are clean surface, free of damaged mechanically or biologically, free from pests and diseases, and normal fruit shape. The abnormal fruit shape in mangoes is known as sitting mango, which is not easy to roll over when pushed because the fruit surface is flat on certain sides. Several dimensionless shape factors can be used to identify the shape of an object through image processing. Some shape factors that are often used to identify shapes of object in image processing include roundness, roundness ratio, sphericity, axial ratio, inequality degree of projected area and spherical disproportion. This study aims to identify the shape of the fruit using several dimensionless shape factors and determine the shape factors that can be used to distinguish normal and abnormal fruit shapes for gedong mangoes. The results showed that abnormal and normal mango gedong fruit shapes could be distinguished by image processing using the roundness, sphericity, and spherical disproportion form factors in certain deviant shapes but not for all samples.

ISO 8685 compliant contractual ship-loading export facility: bauxite sampling plant process design and equipment selection for chemical sampling

The paper discusses the process design and mass balance for the minimum and maximum design case to illustrate the ISO 8685 compliance of a 2-year-running barge loading payment station sampling plant. The plant samples -100 mm, export quality, bauxite material from a barge-loading conveyor delivering 10 kton/h at 5.4 m/s. The green field operation does not know the Coefficient of Variation or the Size Range Factor as required inputs to calculate the Number of Primary Increments and Minimum Gross Sample Mass required. Therefore, informed assumptions were made given performance data of a neighboring sampling system that is in operation for over a decade. Without the available variation and size factor data the ISO-compliant scheme design could not commence. Where this data is not available for green field projects, it poses a risk that plant designs may not be compliant where variabilities could exceed assumptions on the input parameters. The system is designed for various barge carrying capacities with lot size in mass. Operational quality assurance however requires samples more frequently and therefore sublot periods are 4 hourly time based. ISO 8685 compliance is achieved with sample increments taken at maximum throughputs and barge sizes to determine the time-based interval. At reduced throughputs, the fixed time interval regime results in the minimum ISO requirements to be exceeded and tied in well with client overall quality incentives. Primary sample increments from a tailored cross belt sampler are crushed automatically in the sampling plant to 25 mm and then to 6mm using two stages of double roll crushers. The sample is then subdivided through secondary and tertiary sampling to produce a composite 4-hourly chemical sample. The 4-hourly sublot samples are collected in an ergonomic 4-way carousel with each composite sample representing 1-hour barge loading production— allowing the client quality assurance insights into their blending facility performance.

Export Dynamics and Income Inequality: New Evidence on Export Quality.

Previous literature has highlighted the relationship between export diversification and income inequality. The present study attempts to explore the influence of export quality on income inequality. A global sample of 92 economies consisting of 30 low- and lower-middle-income economies (LMEs), 21 upper-middle-income economies (UMEs), and 41 high-income economies (HIEs) over the period 2002–2014, is collected to create a balanced set of panel data. Using econometric techniques for balanced panel data to deal with cross-sectional dependence, heteroscedasticity, and endogeneity, we first find that the effect of export quality is negative and significant on the Gini index pre-tax and pre-transfer in LMEs and UMEs, implying that export quality reduces income inequality. Second, export quality has a positive and significant impact on income inequality in HIEs. Our findings imply that different economic policies should be considered for dealing with income inequality among different income groups of economies.

Effects of heterogeneous SPS measures on agricultural growth: Evidence from China.

In order to explore the sustainable growth of Chinese agriculture, this paper assesses how the heterogeneous SPS measures affect China’s growth margins and quality upgrading in the agricultural sector. We estimate improved gravity-model that exploit the cross-country differences in SPS measures over the period from 2000 to 2014. Our findings show that the heterogeneous SPS measures restrict the intensive margin and extensive margin, but significantly promote the product quality-even with no significant effect on price index. Conditional on quality upgrading, the heterogeneous SPS measures decrease the extent of quality upgrading. On one hand, because of cross-country differences in SPS standards, standards from developed countries have less effective trade effect on China’s agri-products export quality upgrading; On the other hand, because of cross-firm differences in the ability to deal with SPS standards, the laggards in China have the higher probability to switch to lower entrance barrier countries. Therefore, it is possible for China to trap in the low-quality agricultural growth in the long term.