Quality Of Clothing Research Articles

Mathematical Modeling of Weld Bead Geometry, Quality, and Productivity for Stainless Steel Claddings Deposited by FCAW

In recent years, industrial settings are seeing a rise in the use of stainless steel claddings. The anti-corrosive surfaces are made from low cost materials such as carbon steel or low alloy steels. To ensure the final quality of claddings, however, it is important to know how the welding parameters affect the process’s outcome. Beads should be defect free and deposited with the desired geometry, with efficiency, and with a minimal waste of material. The objective of this study then is to analyze how the flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) parameters influence geometry, productivity, and the surface quality of the stainless steel claddings. It examines AISI 1020 carbon steel cladded with 316L stainless steel. Geometry was analyzed in terms of bead width, penetration, reinforcement, and dilution. Productivity was analyzed according to deposition rate and process yield, and surface quality according to surface appearance and slag formation. The FCAW parameters chosen included the wire feed rate, voltage, welding speed, and contact-tip-workpiece distance. To analyze the parameters’ influences, mathematical models were developed based on response surface methodology. The results show that all parameters were significant. The degrees of importance among them varied according to the responses of interest. What also proved to be significant was the interaction between parameters. It was found that the combined effect of two parameters significantly affected a response; even when taken individually, the two might produce little effect. Finally, the development of Pareto frontiers confirmed the existence of conflicts of interest in this process, suggesting the application of multi-objective optimization techniques to the sequence of this study.

Research on adhesive joints of textile materials modified by flux of high-frequency low-pressure plasma

This work presents the results of treatment of textile materials used in fabrication of clothes by means of flux of high-frequency low pressure capacity discharge. It was shown that such treatment allows increasing the adhesive strength of thermal-fused spacing materials to the main material upon humid-thermal treatment of parts of garments and improving the quality of clothes.

Establishment and Application of Evaluation Model for College Students’ Perceived Quality of Clothing

Perceived quality occupy an increasingly important position in the factors that affect consuming. Perceived quality is the subjective judgment by consumers which is different from the actual objective quality, and it is an overall evaluation to the product performance. College students, as a special consumer groups ，have higher cultural level and are in pursuit of individuality. Through this research, it can be known which perceived quality have an impact on buying behavior when students buy clothing, thus provide a reference to the clothing enterprises. In the process of production or distribution, they can pay attention to these perceived qualities to meet the needs of college students, so as to reach a win-win situation.

Engineering design of thermal quality clothing on a simulation-based and lifestyle-oriented CAD system

Engineering design of thermal quality clothing is a promising solution by applying multi-disciplinary knowledge to achieve the design and production of clothing with desirable thermal functions. In this paper, a special simulation-based and lifestyle-oriented CAD system is introduced to help the user in engineering design of thermal quality clothing. The engineering-oriented simulation models endowed with explicit data availability arose from the material parameters that are the key issue for engineering application. To offer an easy-to-use tool, this system is implemented with a lifestyle-oriented design procedure. It can facilitate the designers to quickly implement design and simulate on the wearing scenario, and evaluate and optimize their design. Due to the design of thermal quality clothing can be achieved without making physical prototypes, it is able to speed up the design cycle and reduce the design and development cost.

Laser Cladding of Micro-Fluidic Channel Mold

Laser cladding of micro-fluidic channels mold was performed using Nd:YAG laser and synchronous powder feeder. Influences of laser power and powder feed rate on clad layer geometrical dimensions and qualities were investigated. Results show that powder feed rate 1.5-2.5 g/min used obtains micro clad layers which meet geometrical dimensions’ requirement of micro-fluidic channels mold and combination of parameters laser power 400 W and powder feed rate 2.0 g/min achieves micro clad layer with better clad quality. Scanning paths of micro-fluidic channels mold was planned through CAD-CAM software. Using optimum parameters combination, multilayer laser cladding experiment was carried out and a sample of micro-fluidic channels mold was fabricated with expectative structure and hardness. A little milling and polishing makes the sample meet technical requirements, 0.2mm in height and 0.3mm in width. Fabricating a mold takes 15-20 min totally.

Is quality assurance in higher education contextually relative?

This article examines notions of quality and quality assurance in higher education. It does this by raising questions such as whether quality in higher education is the same as, for example, quality of clothing or the quality of meat in local butcheries. The article questions the assumption that if certain things, such as criteria or standards – which are measurable and quantifiable – are in place, then quality in higher education will be assured. The article uses the findings of the Changing Academic Project (CAP) to argue that quality and quality assurance in higher education have been permeated by the values and ethos of business and the discourses around efficiency and effectiveness that are driven by global competition. The Hong Kong and Singaporean cases are used as examples of policy borrowing on quality assurance. The article concludes that, given increasing private sector contribution to higher education, it has become necessary for some kind of government intervention to ensure that the higher education provided to citizens is of an acceptable quality. It also argues that quality and quality assurance have shifted from collaborative teaching and research, which promotes critical inquiry and community service, towards input/output considerations and performance measurement.

A Study on the Dynamic Bending Properties of Textile Fabrics

With the advancements in the computer graphics sectors, the visual quality of the virtual clothing implemented by using the 3-dimensional digital clothing software system has been much improved during the past decade. Most of the cloth simulation procedures are complicated due to the multitude of parameters involved in the simulation in order to achieve the appearance of the actual textile fabrics or the movement of the actual clothing as close as possible. Bending properties affect the tactile and visual qualities of the textile fabrics along with the shear and tensile properties. In this study, dynamic bending properties, focused on the movement of the textile fabrics including damping ratio and amplitude, were measured by using a dynamic bending test system.

A Study on the Aesthetic Characteristics of Wedding Dress in the 19th Century - Focusing on Neo-Classicism and Romanticism -

The purpose of this study is to take into consideration the formative and aesthetic characteristics of wedding dresses that existed during the periods of Neo-Classicism and Romanticism which appeared as a reaction toward Neo-Classicism. The method of the research was mainly focused on precedent research data and general references. Furthermore the data on wedding dresses was mainly collected from British, French, and American library and museum web sites. The result of the research is the following. The Neo-Classicism art, which appeared along with the enlightenment in the beginning of the 19th century, pursues beauty based on associations and imitations of ancient Greek and Roman arts. In addition to aforementioned pursuits, the Neo-Classicism art also pursued universal beauty and social usefulness through law and order. This aesthetic value was also applied to the wedding dresses, so classical beauty, natural beauty and universal beauty were expressed as follows: corsets of the previous era were removed from general clothing and Empire style that imitated natural Greek style became predominant. Also, muslin replaced high quality clothes which were used as the main materials of the dressing during the previous era. Empire style's wedding dress became popular and simple colors and styles of the wedding dress expressed the beauty of the human body and emphasized civility at the same time. Romanticism art and costumes opposed rationalism and pursued sentimentalism. Moreover, it pursued diversity, exotic tastes and accepted diverse reactionism unlike Neo-Classicism's simplification and standardization. These aesthetic characteristic were applied to the wedding dress of this period; wedding dress of romanticism pursued feminine and elegant beauty with X silhouettes and various decorations, like general costumes. And they were decorated with a variety of excessive accessories, details and trimmings to express romantic sentimentalism. Exotic tastes which included Chinese, Egyptian, Indian influence and other diverse tastes were expressed through hair style, accessories and patterns of shawl. However, the white color in the wedding dress revealed purity and sanctity which cannot be found from general costumes regardless of whether the dress expressed Neo-classicism or Romanticism. As a formal dress worn during wedding ceremonies, the wedding dresses of the royalty revealed dignity and authority and significantly influenced later wedding dress designs.

Effect of laser cladding process parameters on clad quality and in-situ formed microstructure of Fe–TiC composite coatings

Over the past decade, researchers have demonstrated interest in tribology and prototyping by the laser cladding process. In-situ laser cladding enables the formation of a uniform clad by melting the powder to form desired composition from pure powder component.In this research pure Ti, graphite, and Fe with max particle sizes of 40μm (0.04mm) are used for in-situ laser cladding on a steel substrate. The effects of laser parameters on the quality of an in-situ formed TiC–Fe based composite clad are investigated. Laser parameters have an important role in clad quality and crack formation. They affect the bonding between clad/substrate and cooling rate. Diverse microstructures have been detected in the clad. Finally a model is developed in order to explain the formation and morphology of TiC. The melting and solidification stages of TiC formation and matrix confirm the suggested model.TiC particles increase the clad hardness to an average of four times greater than substrate's hardness. Experimental methods such as, XRD and SEM are used for phases characterization.

Example-based wrinkle synthesis for clothing animation

This paper describes a method for animating the appearance of clothing, such as pants or a shirt, that fits closely to a figure's body. Compared to flowing cloth, such as loose dresses or capes, these types of garments involve nearly continuous collision contact and small wrinkles, that can be troublesome for traditional cloth simulation methods. Based on the observation that the wrinkles in close-fitting clothing behave in a predominantly kinematic fashion, we have developed an example-based wrinkle synthesis technique. Our method drives wrinkle generation from the pose of the figure's kinematic skeleton. This approach allows high quality clothing wrinkles to be combined with a coarse cloth simulation that computes the global and dynamic aspects of the clothing motion. While the combined results do not exactly match a high-resolution reference simulation, they do capture many of the characteristic fine-scale features and wrinkles. Further, the combined system runs at interactive rates, making it suitable for applications where high-resolution offline simulations would not be a viable option. The wrinkle synthesis method uses a precomputed database built by simulating the high-resolution clothing as the articulated figure is moved over a range of poses. In principle, the space of poses is exponential in the total number of degrees of freedom; however clothing wrinkles are primarily affected by the nearest joints, allowing each joint to be processed independently. During synthesis, mesh interpolation is used to consider the influence of multiple joints, and combined with a coarse simulation to produce the final results at interactive rates.

The Simulation of Heat and Vapour Transfer Trough Fibrous Materials

The heat and water vapour transmitting properties of fibrous materials are important factors that affect the clothing's comfort as well as the quality of special functional clothing that is worn in extreme environmental conditions. The paper introduces advanced system for the simulation of physiological processes that appear next to the human skin. Its use enables the measurement of heat and vapour transfer trough fibrous structures, as well as determination of vapour permeability and permeability index. The experiments reported here refer to the measurement of a number of fibrous materials used for the next-to-skin wear. For the measurement have been produced materials that differ either in their structure or raw material in order to observe the influences of different parameters to the transfer properties. The transfer trough fibrous materials is mainly affected by its structure that comprises of a repeat units with cellular geometry containing air pores, yarns that form basic structure and intersection points of two or more yarns. Therefore, the structure of materials is also investigated and described by means of fabric moduli. Dynamics of heat and vapour transfer is observed through the experimentally obtained data and the influence of a number of structural parameters is discussed. The statistical methods are used to qualify the effects of investigated variables on the heat and vapour resistance.

Fiber Laser Cladding with High Content of WC-Co Based Powder

The paper deals with the laser cladding application to improve wear properties of cutting edges, making use a fiber laser source. This type of laser is chosen due to the small dimension of the clad cross section that has to be rebuilt. The paper is aimed at obtaining good cladding layers using high content of WC as reinforcement phase, which mainly means a clad free of cracks and pores. In order to obtain very high hardness values of the clad surface, the deposited material is constituted by an high percentage of tungsten carbides (over 85% in weight), while the matrix is a standard cobalt powder. A preliminary experimental campaign allowed to investigate the process parameters which mainly affect the clad quality in terms of pores and cracks absence. Then the role of the three most affecting parameters, i.e. laser speed, laser power and shielding gas, was highlighted in order to better investigate the overall clad attributes, such as micro-hardness, geometry, integrity (pores and cracks) and dilution with the substrate steel. As a result, improved work condition is found, which produces clad with no pores, no crack and high hardness.

Laser induction hybrid rapid cladding of WC particles reinforced NiCrBSi composite coatings

In order to investigate the microstructure characteristics and properties of Ni-based WC composite coatings containing a relatively large amount of WC particles by laser induction hybrid rapid cladding (LIHRC) and compare to the individual laser cladding without preheating, Ni60A + 35 wt.% WC composite coatings are deposited on A3 steel plates by LIHRC and the individual laser cladding without preheating. The composite coating produced by the individual laser cladding without preheating exhibits many cracks and pores, while the smooth composite coating without cracks and pores is obtained by LIHRC. Moreover, the cast WC particles take on the similar dissolution characteristics in Ni60A + 35 wt.% WC composite coatings by LIHRC and the individual laser cladding without preheating. Namely, the completely dissolved WC particles interact with Ni-based alloy solvent to precipitate the blocky and herringbone carbides, while the partially dissolved WC particles still preserve the primary lamellar eutectic structure. A few WC particles are split at the interface of WC and W 2C, and then interact with Ni-based alloy solvent to precipitate the lamellar carbides. Compared with the individual laser cladding without preheating, LIHRC has the relatively lower temperature gradient and the relatively higher laser scanning speed. Therefore, LIHRC can produce the crack-free composite coating with relatively higher microhardness and relatively more homogeneous distribution of WC particles and is successfully applied to strengthen the corrugated roller, showing that LIHRC process has a higher efficiency and good cladding quality.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МЕТОДУ ЦИФРОВОї ФОТОГРАФії ДЛЯ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТі ОДЯГУ

General description is given to the process of determination the quality of clothes. Possibility to the use of photographic image of clothes is considered. Expedience of application the method of digital picture is well-proven.

Fundamental and applied aspects of laser surface engineering

Abstract The contribution to this jubilee issue of IJMR concentrates on the analysis of laser surface treatments. In particular laser cladding processes using coaxial and side set-ups are evaluated to determine the optimal processing window that prioritizes the clad quality and the efficiency of the coating method. The microstructural features in these so-called processing maps are illustrated with Inverse Pole Figure (IPF) mapping, texture pole figures and Electron Backscatter Pattern (EBSP) techniques. The distribution of stresses inside Co-based laser coating is measured with the so-called three-dimensional X-ray Diffraction microscopy (3DXRD) and it is found very dispersive, i. e. stresses may change from one grain to another considerably. The mean value of observed hydrostatic stress in all grains at specific laser track depth is gradually changed from tensile state in the upper part of the coating to the compressive state in its lower part close to the substrate. On the other hand the average value of shear stress component does not show any substantial change with depth.

Розробка номенклатури ергономічних показників якості одягу

Запропоноана структурна схема ергономічних показників дозволить підвищити якість розробки одягу, проводити оцінку якості з урахуванням комплексного показника ергономічних вимог. Структура і модель системи для оцінки комплексного ергономічного показника якості одягу може бути основою для розробки проекту стандарту по визначенню номенклатури показників якості одягу

Laser cladding of <inline-formula><math display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mo>∕</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mi></mrow></math></inline-formula> coatings on Ti-6Al-4V and the calculation of the temperature field

TiCN/Ti reinforced layers were fabricated on titanium alloy by the laser cladding method, aiming at improving its surface properties. Ti and TiCN powders of size 60 and 3 µm, respectively, were mixed in a certain ratio, prepasted on a Ti-6Al-4V substrate, and irradiated with a pulsed YAG laser in nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature field was calculated with a semi-infinite model. The calculated results show that the laser scanning velocity should be in the range of 1.0 to 3.0 mm/s; the best value for metting the substrate and realizing the cladding process is about 1.4 mm/s. The cladded samples were analyzed with x-ray diffraction, optical microscope observation, and a microhardness test. The results indicate that the composition of the cladding layer changes with the ratio of Ti to TiCN. The optimum Ti:TiCN mass ratio is about 15:85. The optical micrograph revealed a TiCN film thickness about 100 µm. The hardness was increased from 330 HV in the substrate to nearly 1500 HV in the modified layers, due to the presence of the hard TiCN phase. It is found that the proper laser scanning velocity to obtain high cladding quality is about 1.5 mm/s, which agrees with the calculated result of 1.4 mm/s.

Optimization of FCAW Process Parameters using A Non-Traditional Technique

Weld cladding is a process of depositing a thick layer of metal surface to a carbon steel base metal for the purpose of providing a corrosion resistant surface when that surface is to be exposed to a corrosive environment. In cladding process, most of the engineers often face the problem of selecting optimum combination of input process parameters for achieving the required clad quality. This problem can be solved by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique to optimize the process parameters to achieve minimum dilution and penetration, maximum bead width and reinforcement. This paper focuses on an optimization of input process parameters in duplex stainless steel cladding of low carbon structural steel plates deposited by Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW).

Use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for On-Line Monitoring the Quality of Prepreg Cloth

On-line monitoring the prepreg quality in the polymer composite industry continues to be a major emphasis, it will reduce the amount of prepreg manufactured under “outside specifications”. A near-infrared spectroscopy has been implemented for measurement of resin content, pre-curing degree of resin and volatile content during the manufacture of glass/phenolic resin prepreg cloth. The regression method employed was partial least squares (PLS). The optimum models were obtained by selecting different spectral pretreatments and spectral ranges. The determination coefficients (R2) for the resin content, pre-curing degree and volatile content were 98.36, 98.76 and 98.33, respectively. The root mean squares of cross-validation (RMSECV) were 0.364, 0.145 and 0.182 respectively for the resin content, pre-curing degree and volatile content, respectively. The NIR method was applied to monitor the quality of prepreg cloth on line. The results showed that the monitored values were closed to the actual values. The study indicates that the on-line quality analysis of prepreg cloth was realised by using NIR technique.

Higher education is more than just about the economy

This essay addresses the question, 'What is quality in higher education?' In so doing it raises many interesting and vexing questions in relation to education. For example, is 'quality' in higher education the same as, for example, 'quality' with reference to the quality of clothing or the quality of meat in local butcheries? Furthermore, is it correct to assume that if certain things, such as criteria or standards, which are measurable and quantifiable are in place, then quality in higher education will be assured? Or in a more Derridian vein, does the measurement and achievement of quality in higher education in fact deconstruct quality in the negation of quality; or stated differently, does quality defined negate quality? Also, does the achievement of quality in higher education provide the ideological justification of a wider democracy, and even more pertinently, should it? These are some of the questions that need to be considered in reflecting critically on the many issues in quality assurance in higher education. This essay does not set out to address these questions directly but rather endeavours to sensitise us to the importance of considering these questions when deliberating on quality assurance in higher education.