Quality Of Carrots Research Articles

Interaction effect of potassium and micronutrients on yield and economics of carrot (Daucus carota L.)

Carrot cultivated with limited nutrition will produce low yields and would require different nutrient combination for increased nutrition availability for higher productivity. The combination of potassium and micronutrients was expected to increase and improve the growth, yield and quality of carrot. A research experiment was conducted at Horticulture farm, SKNCOA, Jobner, Rajasthan, India to study the effect of potassium and micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of carrot. The study revealed that the application of potassium @ 150 kg/ha along with ZnSo4 @ 0.5% significantly increased the average weight of root (209.56 g), root yield (313.90 q/ha), net returns (235918/ha) and B:C ratio (3.03) over control.

Effect of natural preservative (Ginger extract) on the over quality of carrot and kinnow blended jam

Effect of natural preservative (Ginger extract) on the over quality of carrot and kinnow blended jam

Effect of different date of sowing on growth, yield and quality of carrot (<em>Daucus carota</em> L.)

The present investigation, effect of different date of sowing on growth, yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) was carried out at Horticulture farm, College of Horticulture, S. D. Agricultural University, Jagudan Gujarat during rabi season 2017-18, comprising three dates of sowing 1st October (d1), 15th October (d2) and 1st November (d3) was statistically analyzed with randomized block design for growth, yield and quality parameters of carrot and are summarized below. The date of sowing 15th October (d2) significantly increased plant height (16.49, 40.28 and 68.64 cm) and number of leaves (3.74, 8.82 and 10.60) at 30, 60 DAS and at harvesting time respectively, weight of root (72.10 g), root yield per plot (6.44 kg), root yield per ha (20.44 t), productivity per day (247.70 kg), root length (22.31 cm), collar diameter (37.62 mm), volume of root (75.32 cc), total soluble solid (8.00°B), reducing, non-reducing and total sugar (4.40, 3.50 and 7.90%, respectively). All parameters showed a decreasing trend as sowing date was delayed.

Effects of integrated application of plant-based compost and urea on soil food web, soil properties, and yield and quality of a processing carrot cultivar.

Soil nutrient management system characterized by reduced input of inorganic fertilizers integrated with organic amendments is one of the alternatives for reducing deleterious environmental impact of synthetic fertilizers, suppressing soil-borne pests and diseases, and improving soil health and crop yield. A hypothesis of the present study was that lower rates of urea mixed with higher rates of plant compost (PC) would improve nematode community structure, soil food web condition, soil biological, and physiochemical properties, and yield and quality of a processing carrot (Daucus carota) cultivar. Urea and PC were each applied at 135 kg nitrogen (N)/ha alone or at 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 ratios annually during the 2012 to 2014 growing seasons. A non-amended check served as a control. Nematode community was analyzed from soil samples collected approximately 4-week intervals from planting to 133 days after planting each year. Soil respiration, as a measure of soil biological activity, and soil physiochemical properties were determined from soils collected at planting and at harvest in 2012 and 2013. Results showed that PC alone, and U1:PC1 resulted in soil food web structure significantly above 50 at harvest in 2014. Urea significantly decreased end-of-season soil pH, but increased NO3-N compared with the other treatments. While the herbivore population density was low, abundances of Tylenchus and Malenchus were negatively correlated with carrot fresh weight of marketable carrot. Overall, results suggest that integrating lower rates of urea and higher rates of PC are likely to increase soil biological activity, soil pH, and phosphorus content.

Aroma and quality of carrot dried using a microwave-convective drying system as affect by temperature gradient

ABSTRACT A real-time aroma monitoring system to control a microwave combined with hot air drying (MHAD) process of carrot was designed. The samples were first dried at four fixed temperature gradients of 2°C/mm, 4°C/mm, 6°C/mm and 8°C/mm to investigate the effect of temperature gradient on the aroma diffusion. Carrot samples could be dried in a shorter time from 140 min to 100 min from low-temperature gradients 2°C/mm to high-temperature gradient 8°C/mm. Main volatiles lost more and charring volatiles was induced at highest temperature gradients 8°C/mm. A fuzzy logic controller was then designed and employed to control the drying process. Based on the temperature curve achieved under fuzzy logic control, a simple linear control method was developed where e-nose online assistance could be omitted. Color, vitamin C, rehydration ratio and sensory evaluation were performed after rehydration. With the new control strategies, carrot color and overall appearance were intact and less time and energy were consumed.

Meloidogyne javanica parasitism on the vegetative growth and nutritional quality of carrots

ABSTRACT: Meloidogyne javanica is a plant-parasitic nematode that infects a wide range of vegetables. Its negative effects on crop yield and value are well documented. However, few studies have investigated the impact of the parasite on the nutritional value of vegetables. This study aimed to assess the effect of M. javanica parasitism on the vegetative characteristics, nematological parameters, chemistry composition and antioxidant activity of carrots. Seedlings were inoculated with 0 (control), 1000, 2500, or 5000 eggs and eventual second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. At 60 days after inoculation, plants were harvested and evaluated. Plants inoculated with 2500 eggs and J2 of M. javanica had higher root and tuber fresh weight than the control. Gall number increased with increasing inoculum density. The number of nematodes in the roots increased until 3000 specimens, decreasing thereafter. Proximate analysis revealed that plants inoculated with 1000 eggs and J2 of M. javanica or more had higher protein content in roots. In contrast, inoculation with 1775 nematodes or more resulted in a decrease in carotenoid content. There was no effect of inoculation on total phenolic content or antioxidant activity. Although, M. javanica infection did not have a marked impact on the nutritional quality of carrots, gall formation resulted in deformed roots of low commercial value.

Performance of UC (University of California) Davis chimney dryer: time savings and retention nutritional quality of carrot and brinjal

Performance of UC (University of California) Davis chimney dryer: time savings and retention nutritional quality of carrot and brinjal

Effect of temperature difference on the aroma and quality of carrots processed through microwave drying combined with hot air drying

A real-time aroma-detecting system for carrot processing through microwave combined with hot-air drying was constructed to study the aroma diffusion and quality of carrots by controlling the material temperature and temperature differences between material core and hot air. Various pairs of material temperatures (60°C, 70°C, 80°C) and temperature differences between material core and hot air (10°C, 20°C, 30°C) were applied. The best quality evaluated by total vitamin C content, colour change, drying time, sensory evaluation and rehydration ratio was obtained with material temperature at 70°C and temperature difference at 20°C. Seven typical volatile peaks were detected and recorded during drying for all the three replicates. The spread of aroma is divided into two phases: the first phase is the change phase of the first hour; the second phase is the constant phase after the first phase. The emission of carrot and charring peaks increases with the increasing material temperature. When the material temperature is at 60°C which is the best material temperature for aroma, with the least aroma emission, the best quality was obtained with temperature difference at 20°C. Based on the fixed aroma release, a mixed drying condition was employed to control the drying process. During first hour it was set using a material temperature of 60°C and temperature difference of 20°C. After one hour, the material temperature was set at 70°C and temperature difference was set at 20°C. It was found that the quality were better than those of the fixed material temperature and temperature difference. Therefore, on the basis of ensuring the quality of the product, the temperature and temperature difference of the material can be adjusted by the odor law to obtain a product having a better odor and quality.

Synthetic auxins concentration and application time modulates seed yield and quality of carrot by altering the umbel order

Quality seed is an essential prerequisite to achieve good yield of a crop. Carrot (Daucus carota) seed quality is affected due to uneven maturation of seeds produced in different umbel orders. Seed quality can be improved by altering the umbel order. Auxins play role in apical dominance and thus can be tested to suppress tertiary umbels in carrot seed crop. A study was conducted to explore the potential of synthetic auxins on alteration of umbel order in carrot seed crop. Significant differences were recorded among different concentrations (0, 100, 200 or 300 mg L−1) of plant growth regulators for growth, yield and seed quality. All growth related traits were improved when Indole acetic acid (IAA) was applied three times at 300 mg L−1. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 200 mg L−1 or IAA at 100 mg L−1 applied at three times, viz. planting of stecklings (PoS) + 15 days after PoS + 30 days after PoS significantly enhanced number of secondary umbels by suppressing the tertiary umbels. Seed yield and 1000-seed weight of primary, secondary and tertiary umbels was maximum for NAA or IAA at 100 mg L-1 applied three times. Seed quality attributes, viz., final germination, vigour index, enzymatic activity i.e. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT), total antioxidants and total phenolic contents from seeds of primary, secondary and tertiary umbels were increased when three applications of IAA or NAA were done at 200 mg L−1. Moreover, three times application of IAA or NAA at 200 mg L−1 not only minimized the conductivity of seed leachates and malondialdehyde contents from seeds of primary and secondary umbels but also in tertiary umbels seeds. It was concluded that three times foliar application of IAA or NAA at 100 or 200 mg L−1, till 30 days after planting of stecklings, can be effectively used to modify umbel order and hence to increase yield and seed quality. Therefore, seed companies and growers may apply IAA or NAA at 200 mg L−1 for obtaining higher yield of good quality carrot seed.

Effects of Electromagnetic Fields and their Shielding on the Quality of Carrot (Daucus Carota L.) Seeds

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of electromagnetic fields and their shielding on carrot seed quality. Three sectors were separated on the device emitting electromagnetic fields: “E” - sector emitting electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of the electrical component, “EM” - sector emitting electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components and “M” - sector with a predominance of magnetic component. Fields generated by the device were also shielded with ADR TEX screen, based on a nanocomposite in which the electric component of the electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by water dispersed in a dielectric matrix in various ways. The composites exhibit high dielectric absorption and shield electric fields within the frequency range from ~100 mHz to ~100 kHz. Seed germination and vigour were evaluated at 20 °C in darkness. Mycological analysis was performed using a deep-freeze blotter test. Exposure of seeds to radiation with the predominance of the electrical component and electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components combined with shielding of electromagnetic fields with ADR TEX (E+ADR TEX and EM+ADR TEX) increased seed germination energy and germination capacity compared to these treatments without shielding and control. The percentage of abnormal diseased seedlings in treatments with shielding of electromagnetic fields with ADR TEX (E+ADR TEX, EM+ADR TEX and M+ADR TEX) was significantly lower than in the treatments without shielding and in control. None of the treatments affected seed vigour. Generally, exposure of seeds to electromagnetic radiation did not influence the incidence of fungi.

Evaluation of quality, phenolic and carotenoid composition of fresh-cut purple Polignano carrots stored in modified atmosphere

Purple Polignano carrot is a traditional Italian landrace cultivated in Apulia region rich in antioxidants and with a high nutritional value. On the other hand, these carrots showed a high perishability. The postharvest behaviour of fresh-cut purple Polignano carrots stored in open bags (AIR) or passive modified atmosphere (pMA) was studied, analysing the main qualitative parameters and the polyphenols and carotenoids profile. The storage in pMA allowed to preserve visual quality and respiration rate better than the storage in AIR. Polyphenols (hydroxycinnamic acids, their derivatives and anthocyanins) increased during storage of about 249 % in samples stored in pMA and of about 306 % in those stored in AIR at 4 °C during the first 4 days of storage, respect to fresh carrots. Instead, carotenoids mean content in carrots just after harvest (6.28 ± 0.48 mg kg-1 fw) did not change significantly during storage at 4 °C (both in AIR or pMA). According to our results, pMA resulted a valid solution to cold store fresh-cut purple Polignano carrots until two weeks, preserving quality and nutritional value.

Effect On Post-Harvest Qualities of Differently Stored Carrots in Modified Atmosphere Packaging

Freshly harvested carrots were minimally processed by washing in different ways, such as 1. Chlorine (Cl 2 ) treatment at 4°C and kept in the lower compartment of the refrigerator; 2. Chlorine (Cl 2 ) treatment at 6°C and kept in the upper compartment of the refrigerator, and 3. Chlorine (Cl 2 ) treatment at room temperature (28°C±2) and kept outside the refrigerator, packaged in plastic bags made of low density polyethylene (LDPE) films. The results indicated that the polyethylene barrier significantly affected the composition in the package headspace, and consequently the quality of carrots. The modified atmosphere packaged carrots, checked at 15 day intervals from the first day of storage, maintained the temperature throughout the storage period. The LDPE bags were kept in 6oC, suggesting that no alteration occurred to the atmosphere. Changes in quality, including moisture loss, carotenoid total phenol content, reducing sugar, and sensory quality were least in the chlorine treated carrots at room temperature and those kept in the upper compartment of the refrigerator. The best quality was those that were chlorine treated at 4°C and kept in the lower compartment of the refrigerator. The quality of carrots packaged in LDPE bags during 15 days were in good condition, compared with 30 days in the LDPE bags.

Carrot quality: progress and challenges for breeding and production

Carrot is an essential vegetable produced and consumed worldwide. If yield and resistance to pests and diseases are major production concerns and breeding traits, product quality becomes more and more an issue, driven by society evolution and consumer demand. Product quality includes visual, nutritional, sensory attributes. Only a few of quality criteria are studied but most are influenced by agro-environmental conditions and controlled by a complex genetic determinism, making difficult to valorize quality in production or select for in breeding programs. The present article covers the various quality attributes, addresses the issue of plasticity/adaptability of carrot cultivars and the influence environmental and stresses on product quality, presents the genetic basis of quality and the tools to facilitate quality measurements, in order to help master product quality both at breeding and production levels.

Nutritional Quality Response of Carrot (Daucus carota) to Different Rates of Inorganic Fertilizer and Biochar

Nutritional quality of most high valued crops including carrot can be influenced by soil management practices. A field study to evaluate soil management improvement effect on nutritional quality of carrot was carried out in two contrasting cropping seasons of two rainfall regimes ranging from 600 mm to 800 mm in 2016 and 2017 at Mampong in the Forest-Savannah transition zone of Ghana. Three rates of soil amendments using biochar rates of 0, 5 and 10 tons/ha and five rates of inorganic fertilizers (NPK 15:15:15 at 200 kg/ha; P&K 50:50 at 50 kg/ha; P&K 50:100 at 50 kg/ha; Liquid Fertilizer at 1 L: 200 L Water/ha; and the control were applied using 3x5 factorial in RCBD. The combined analysis for the different treatments showed that NPK at 200 kg/ha+10 ton/ha biochar gave the highest protein content while Liquid fertilizer+5 ton/ha biochar gave the highest beta-carotene and total carotenoid contents in carrot root during the minor cropping season of 2016. However, during the major copping season of 2017, a combination of liquid fertilizer +10 ton/ha biochar gave the highest protein content whilst NPK at 200 kg/ha +5 ton/ha biochar gave the highest carotenoid content for the carrot. Nutritional contents such as carbohydrate, beta-carotene and total carotenoids were boosted by soil amendments. This indicates that both biochar and inorganic fertilizers have varying effects on the nutritional qualities of carrot.

Phytochemicals in Daucus carota and Their Health Benefits—Review Article

Carrots are a multi-nutritional food source. They are an important root vegetable, rich in natural bioactive compounds, which are recognised for their nutraceutical effects and health benefits. This review summarises the occurrence, biosynthesis, factors affecting concentration, and health benefits of phytochemicals found in Daucus carota. Two hundred and fifty-five articles including original research papers, books, and book chapters were analysed, of which one hundred and thirty articles (most relevant to the topic) were selected for writing the review article. The four types of phytochemicals found in carrots, namely phenolics, carotenoids, polyacetylenes, and ascorbic acid, were summarised. These chemicals aid in the risk reduction of cancer and cardiovascular diseases due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, plasma lipid modification, and anti-tumour properties. Numerous factors influence the amount and type of phytochemicals present in carrots. Genotype (colour differences) plays an important role; high contents of α and β-carotene are present in orange carrots, lutein in yellow carrots, lycopene in red carrots, anthocyanins in the root of purple carrots, and phenolic compounds abound in black carrots. Carotenoids range between 3.2 mg/kg and 170 mg/kg, while vitamin C varies from 21 mg/kg to 775 mg/kg between cultivars. Growth temperatures of carrots influence the level of the sugars, carotenoids, and volatile compounds, so that growing in cool conditions results in a higher yield and quality of carrots, while higher temperatures would increase terpene synthesis, resulting in carrots with a bitter taste. It is worthwhile to investigate the cultivation of different genotypes under various environmental conditions to increase levels of phytochemicals and enhance the nutritional value of carrot, along with the valorisation of carrot by-products.

Establishment of carrot populations (Daucus carota L.) in areas naturally infested by root-knot nematodes

The reduced quality and low production of carrot is usually caused by nematodes. In Brazil, the most significant damage results from the root-knot nematodes attack. These nematodes are normally Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica, which are species with a wider distribution in the country. Thus, the objective of this study was to preliminarily evaluate the Embrapa Vegetables’ carrot breeding program for resistance to the root-knot nematode (M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica) in naturally infested fields. The carrot population ‘1112603’ was evaluated using 59 progenies and the cultivars ‘Brasilia’, ‘BRS Planalto’ and ‘Kuronan’ were used as control. Initially, to identify and quantify the number of juveniles 150 cm‑3 of soil, sampling was performed in the experimentation area. After the harvest, screening for resistance to root-knot nematodes was made based on the commercial roots weight (WCR), final population (FP) and reproduction factor (final population in the soil collected during the harvest/ initial population in the soil before sowing). There were significant differences only for the commercial roots weight. Twenty-five progenies were statistically similar to cultivar ‘Brasilia’ (40.09 t ha(‑1), while 34 progenies were similar to cultivars ‘Kuronan’ and ‘BRS Planalto’, which were 33.11 and 30.06 t ha(‑1) respectively. There were no significant differences for the nematological variable final population (FP) and reproduction factor.

Seed quality and establishment of carrots (Daucus carota) in Brazil from imported cultivars

Seed quality and establishment of carrots (<i>Daucus carota</i>) in Brazil from imported cultivars

Effects of Pretreatments on the Shelf Life and Quality of Carrots (Daucus carota Subspecies Sativus) Stored at Different Temperatures

Carrot is one of the top ten most important vegetables in the world due to its nutritional contents however, it is highly perishable. One major way to extend its shelf life is to store in the refrigerator but these can only prolong the shelf life for only a few weeks. Therefore, there is the need to research how the shelf life can be extended further. Fresh matured carrots bought from Shasha market in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria were washed with potable water and grouped into 7; each group was subjected to different pretreatment except the 7th group that was left untreated. All the carrot groups were dried in sun for five hours and then packed aseptically into different sterile air tight polyethylene food bags. Each group was replicated and one batch was stored in the refrigerator (4 ± 2°C) while the other batch was stored at room temperature (30 ± 2°C). At intervals of one week, the samples were monitored for presence of soft rot, wrinkle, weight loss etc. All carrots stored at 30 ± 2°C got spoiled after first week of storage irrespective of the type of pretreatment they were subjected to. However, pretreated carrots stored at 4 ± 2°C had their shelf life extended with those treated with moringa seed aqueous extract having the best result at 24th week. This work shows that moringa seed aqueous extract can be used to extend the shelf life of carrots stored in the refrigerator.

Drying kinetics and quality of carrots subjected to microwave-assisted drying preceded by combined pulsed electric field and ultrasound treatment

In the study the impact of combined pulsed electric field and ultrasound pretreatment on microwave-assisted air drying kinetics and quality of dried carrot was evaluated. Pretreatment of samples has been realized through sequential application of PEF followed by US or vice versa. Sonication was performed using either the contact or immersive method whereas PEF treatment was carried out at 5 kV·cm−1 and 10 pulses. After pretreatment the samples were subjected to microwave-assisted convective drying. Combined pretreatment reduced drying time by 27–49%. The highest retention of carotenoids (93.7%) was noted for samples subjected to PEF treatment followed by contact sonication. Optical properties of pretreated carrots were similar to reference samples (without pretreatment) and total color change ranged from 2.8 to 5.8. Application of immersive sonication, regardless of the sequence, resulted in the highest rehydration capacity and the highest loss of soluble solids. Despite samples subjected to combined pretreatment exhibited the most porous structure, the hygroscopic properties remained almost unchanged in comparison to the reference sample.

Masticatory function in complete denture wearers varying degree of mandibular bone resorption and occlusion concept: canine-guided occlusion versus bilateral balanced occlusion in a cross-over trial

PurposeThe present cross-over study evaluated the masticatory function and maximum occlusal force of edentulous patients with complete dentures with bilateral balanced occlusion (BBO) and canine guidance (CG), with normal (NR) and resorbed mandibular ridges (RR). MethodsParticipants received new complete dentures and both occlusal concepts (BBO and CG) were applied for a period of 30 days each. The masticatory performance was evaluated with the sieving method; masticatory ability with a visual analog scale (VAS) and maximum occlusal force was assessed by means of a gnatodynamometer. Data were analyzed using repeated-measure ANOVA or Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs), α = 0.05. ResultsThirty women completed the trial. The height of mandibular ridge was significant for the masticatory performance (ANOVA, p < 0.001, NR = 46.35 ± 12.18%, RR = 30.39 ± 9.94%), regardless of the occlusion guidance. A significant effect of the occlusion guidance was observed for the maximum occlusal force (ANOVA, p = 0.021, CG = 31.99 ± 12.74 N, BBO = 28.37 ± 9.83 N). The occlusion guidance was not significant for the masticatory performance (ANOVA, p = 0.156) and the height of the mandibular ridge did not influence on the occlusal force (ANOVA, p = 0.060). The interaction of the factors (guidance × ridge) was not significant for masticatory performance (ANOVA, p = 0.184) and occlusal force (ANOVA, p = 0.236). The VAS scores showed a significant effect of the ridge on chewing of lettuce, resulting in greater ease (GEEs, p = 0.016) and chewing quality (GEE, p = 0.028) of this food for participants with resorbed ridges. Participants with CG reported greater ease of chewing fresh bread and beef, and expressed higher quality of chew raw carrot. Participants with CG and normal ridges exhibited the highest overall chewing ability, in comparison to BBO (Bonferroni, p < 0.05, CG = 91.9, BBO = 72.7). ConclusionsCG represents a viable alternative to the BBO in complete dentures with satisfactory clinical results related to the self-perception of chewing and occlusal force.