Quality Of Supply Research Articles

Deep learning-based forecasting of electricity consumption

Building energy management systems (BEMS) are integrated computerized systems that track and manage the energy use of many pieces of building-related machinery and equipment, including lighting, power systems, and HVAC systems. Modern buildings must have BEMSs in order to reduce energy usage while maintaining comfort. Not only for energy-saving purposes, BEMS is essential in enhancing the quality of the energy supply, which helps to gain a better understanding of how energy is used and the building's energy usage. When the dynamics of a building's energy usage are known, it is possible to determine which changes are most likely to reduce consumption. Numerous connected devices, operating modes, energy usage, and environmental factors can all be monitored and controlled in real-time using BEMS. Changing operating times and setting points to maximize comfort and efficiency is made simple by this. In this paper, we have primarily addressed the two significant issues of model optimization and electricity consumption forecasts. Future forecasting has been done using the LSTM based time series approach. We generated data on the amount of electricity consumed by a hospital facility and tested our suggested methodologies on actual data. The findings gained demonstrated that the strategies were successful with both types of data. On actual data, the trend in electricity consumption can be accurately predicted. Several model optimizers enhanced the suggested methods' performance as well. Our objective function gain accuracy result of 95%.

Dependability of local power systems based on autonomous generation units

Aim. The paper aims to create and verify methods for predicting the dependability of autonomous power supply to local low-power consumers. Methods. The work uses simulation tools, i.e., computational experiment for predicting the dependability and safe service life of autonomous cluster distributed energy networks that include various power generation installations, power transmission lines and an automated self-regulation system for the purpose of diversifying the risks of failure. Results. Using methods of probabilistic analysis of technical system safety, the dependability of power supply is predicted in terms of possible energy network failures and threats to the life of consumers. The problem can be solved by simulating and predicting the moment of failure of a power network, i.e., critical violation of design conditions, accident, etc. This scenario allows – for long periods of operation – simulating failure situations due to degradation and destruction of elements, units, power lines, as well as failures under multidimensional uncertainty of prediction of dependability and quality of power supply. The key output of simulation is a set of recommendations to ensure energy security. The paper presents simulated dependability indicators, analysis of the effect of structural design solutions underlying a distributed energy network on the dependability and energy security. Conclusion. The use of computational experiments and results of power supply dependability simulation as part of predicting probabilistic indicators of failures of equipment and elements of cluster energy networks, identifying their consequences for the energy security of sparsely populated and remote locations lays the foundation for quality management of energy networks. Additionally, in the future, additional causes and initial events may be included in the model for the purpose of studying the facts of failures. For instance, such causes as uneven generation using renewable sources, finite fuel supply for conventional generation sources, reliability of the power grid personnel. The proposed approach allows verifying promising new energy network design solutions, for example, including energy storage systems into a distributed energy network that – at various points in time – may be either “generators” or “consumers”. Simulation of local energy networks is of practical interest and is important for improving their consumer quality, resistance to hazardous environmental effects.

Assessment of household's willingness to pay for improved water supply services in emerging nations: a case study of Adama City, Ethiopia

Abstract Adama City grew rapidly due to its proximity to Addis Ababa, resulting in increased industrial, urban activities, and population growth. However, this expansion has resulted in drinking water shortages, which is a critical community's concern. The aim of this study was to determine households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for improved water supply services in Adama, with factors influencing WTP. To quantify households’ WTP, a contingent valuation (CV) technique was used and data from 435 respondents was gathered through field surveys, KII, and HHs interviews. A binary logistic model was utilized to examine variables that have a significant impact on households’ WTP. The analysis revealed several independent variables, such as gender, age, marital status, education level, and monthly income, additionally, water quantity, quality, availability, and affordability. The study found that 39.77 and 26.21% of residents of the city were dissatisfied with the quality and quantity of available water supply, respectively. The study discovered that 92% of households were willing to pay an additional $7.26 USD above their average monthly water cost of $3.58 USD to improve water delivery services. Factors that influence households’ WTP for improved water supply services should be considered. The study's findings can help legislators and water supply companies to design sustainable projects that meet community needs.

Development of an intelligent solution for the optimization of a hybrid system using renewable energy sources

Renewable energy technologies offer the promise of clean and abundant energy harvested from natural resources, self-renewable sources such as sun, wind, water, earth, and plants. In this work, we optimize the hybrid system using Homer power program, where the hybrid system is composed by solar panels, wind turbines with batteries to supply 20 homes that are not equipped with electricity in Ouzera area (Medea, Algeria), and by taking the results presented by the Homer program for Ouzera region, we obtained the cost of each day, of each season and the cost of energy ($/kWh), as well as the optimal number and characteristics for each solar panels and wind turbines with storage batteries. The homer software allows us to obtain real results in taking into account the constraints cost and variations in off-grid weather data. The most important criterion of this technique for optimizing renewable energy systems was the cost, seeking to minimize the expenses, while ensuring optimum quality and continuity of electricity supply.

Impacts of on-farm water sanitation practices on microbial hygiene in poultry waterlines and efficacy of sodium hypochlorite-based product on foodborne pathogens

The microbial water quality of poultry water supplies can be correlated to bird health, livability, overall performance, and human food safety. On-farm microbial evaluations were conducted to understand microbial hygiene of poultry waterlines based on water sanitation practices. With on-farm study I, two farms were selected: Farm A and Farm B; that did not practice water sanitation consistently during the flock grow-out period. Prevalence tests for specific pathogens- Salmonella, E coli, Campylobacter, Listeria, and Staphylococcus were performed for both farms by collecting swab samples post bird harvest from waterlines and plating in specific growth media. With the on-farm study II, one broiler farm with four barn units that treated water (Chlorine (Cl)= ∼ 1 ppm) during the flock grow-out period and flushed waterlines between flocks using concentrated chlorine solution (>1000 ppm) was selected. Swab samples (one from each barn, n=4; each sampling occasion) were collected on three occasions-before flushing, after flushing, and at the end of the grow-out period (d 42) to understand biofilm growth nature in poultry waterlines. Additionally, a separate in-vitro study was conducted to understand the efficacy of a commonly used poultry drinking water sanitizer product (sodium hypochlorite, 8.25 %) against specific foodborne pathogens: Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), E. coli and Listeria. Results from the on-farm study I showed that Farm A and Farm B were positive for Listeria and Staphylococcus, whereas these farms were found negative for other species tested. The findings from on-farm study II showed that biofilm reestablished (> 4 log10 cfu/ml) in waterlines by the end of grow-out cycle despite waterline cleaning and consistent water sanitation during flock grow-out period. The in-vitro test showed that the efficacy of chlorine-based water sanitizer at the field application dose rates was affected by pathogen load in water and pathogen types. The overall results from on-farm or in-vitro studies indicated that poultry growers need to emphasize consistent and robust poultry drinking water sanitation practice in their farms to keep the acceptable bacterial levels in poultry water supplies or water systems.

Improving quality standards of purchase policy and sustainable staple food safety

IntroductionFood quality is closely related to food safety. Improving food quality, especially staple foods quality, is crucial to ensuring sustainable food safety. China's government is making efforts to improve the quality of staple foods and has improved quality standards of purchase policy for staple food. However, the actual effects of the new quality standards of purchase policy in implementation have not been verified.MethodsBased on this background, applying difference-in-differences models, this paper examines whether the new quality standards of purchase policy can improve the quality of staple food supply based on the wheat market transaction data.Results and discussionThe results show that the new quality standard of purchase policy has a significant positive impact on the quality of staple food supply. The conclusion remains robust through several alternative tests. Further research shows that the new quality standards of purchase policy significantly expand the degree of quality premiums in the market, thereby improving the staple food supply quality. Our research provides an insight for policy or standard makers to change relevant purchase quality limits following consumer demand to ensure sustainable food security.

Supply Chain as a Service (SCaaS) in Apparel Industry

Supply Chain as a Service (SCaaS) represents an innovative approach for businesses to outsource various aspects of their supply chain, including manufacturing, procurement, warehousing, quality assurance, and logistics. Within the apparel industry, the supply chain encompasses five key categories: design, textile manufacturing, apparel manufacturing, distribution, and end-user purchase. Due to its consumer-centric nature, the apparel supply chain experiences fluctuating demand, posing challenges for effective management. Small apparel businesses often struggle with planning and implementing efficient supply chain strategies, resulting in significant losses, wasted labor, and missed deadlines. This paper proposes the implementation of SCaaS as a tailored solution for apparel units. The primary aim is to offer comprehensive end-to-end management services, ranging from strategic planning to product delivery. By leveraging SCaaS, companies can optimize their time allocation, focusing on customer interactions and the innovation of new products. This approach streamlines operations, enhances efficiency, and mitigates the risks associated with supply chain management, ultimately enabling apparel businesses to better adapt to market dynamics and meet consumer demands effectively.

Measuring the impacts of the two-child policy on industrial structure and economic growth in china using a CGE model

Facing the challenge of population aging and labor force shrinking, the Chinese government has been trying to reform its family planning policy since 2015. This paper analyzes the impacts of China’s Two-child policy on economic growth and industrial structure from 2020 to 2060 using a dynamic Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. This paper constructs an effective labor input index accounting for changes in educational attainment and labor force participation rates by age and sex to simulate the effects of the demographic changes on labor supply and economic growth, rather than using simple working-age measures. This paper sets two policy scenarios, the One-child policy and the Two-child policy, to simulate the changes in the employment structure, industrial structure, and main macroeconomic indicators under different population policies. The main finding is that under the Two-child policy, the average GDP growth rate is expected to be 0.3% and 1.0% points higher than the One-child policy in the period of 2015–2030, and 2045–2060; the employment growth rates of the manufacturing and service industries are higher than that under the One-child policy; the shift of industrial structure from manufacturing to service industry will be slightly slower than the One-child policy. The positive impacts of the Two-child policy on China’s economic growth are not significant in the short run. From the perspective of the quantity, structure and quality of labor supply, this paper reveals how a more relaxed family planning policy will affect labor supply, and ultimately affect economic structure and growth in a long run.

A Quality Perspective of Sustainable Management of Water Services: Insights of Citizens' Perceptions in Five Albanian Municipalities

This paper aims to explore citizens' perceptions of water services to inform policy-making and pressure service providers to improve efficiency and service quality using innovative solutions. Despite abundant water resource endowments, ongoing infrastructure upgrades, and technological advancements implemented for sustainable service management, the industry failed to deliver the expected results. However, more than 60% of produced water goes unbilled, service coverage disparities persist, service quality falls short of goals, and low water meter readings worsen resource utilisation and financial sustainability. As a result of poor and unsustainable social, environmental, and economic management of services, the industry witnessed a significant restructuring process, shifting from municipal to regional-level governance, overlooking citizen perceptions of water services as an element that may directly impact the sustainability and future developments of the water sector. The latter, coupled with research findings highlighting deficiencies of municipalities in Albania in local public services provision, triggered the in-depth investigation of water sector governance in Albania (from the citizens' point of view). The research sets a baseline in exploring citizens' perceptions of water services, using a representative sample-based survey in five Albanian municipalities and along five dimensions of service management: access and quality of the services, transparency and communication, satisfaction with services, value for money, and willingness to pay (WTP) for improved services. Our findings suggest a low satisfaction with water services offered by municipally-owned water utilities, primarily related to water supply duration and quality. Despite lacking trust in service improvement, WTP for improved services is positive. Received: 15 December 2023 / Accepted: 16 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

Design of an Enhanced Dynamic Regulation Controller Considering the State of Charge of Battery Energy Storage Systems

In recent years, the escalating electricity demand in Taiwan has heightened the prominence and discourse surrounding the issue of power supply. With the enactment of the European climate law, global commitment to achieving net-zero emissions has gained momentum. Concurrently, the Taiwanese government has articulated the Taiwan 2050 net-zero emissions policy. To realize this objective, Taiwan has vigorously promoted renewable energy in recent years, increasing the proportion of renewable energy in its energy mix. However, confronted with the intermittent and unpredictable nature of renewable energy generation, challenges arise concerning the stability and quality of power supply. In response to the impact of integrating renewable energy into the grid, the Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) has introduced the day-ahead ancillary service market. Through this platform, power generation and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) engage in competitive bidding, fostering the integration of diverse distributed energy resources into the system. These resources serve as dispatchable assets for Taipower, contributing to grid stability by providing ancillary services. This study has developed an advanced dynamic regulation reserve controller by employing an industrial PC (IPC) in conjunction with a multifunctional power meter. Through real-time measurement of the power grid frequency by the multifunctional power meter, a sophisticated dynamic frequency reserve control strategy has been devised, taking into account the charging state of energy storage systems. This strategy exhibits high operational quality, effectively regulating the charging and discharging of energy storage systems. In addition to swiftly adjusting the current grid frequency, it encompasses the capability to facilitate the transfer of peak electrical energy. This effectively stabilizes the power grid, alleviating supply pressures during nighttime peaks and enhancing the overall supply stability of the power system.

Strengthening capacity for forest protection in Myanmar

Pests and diseases have been reported by Myanmar foresters and plantation owners as significant challenges to the quality and quantity of wood supply from natural and planted forests. As part of a FAO project on strengthening local capacity in forest health, questionnaire surveys on pests and diseases and a needs assessment were conducted among companies/organizations involved in growing forests. Thirteen and 12 participants responded to the two surveys, respectively. Respondents grew 10 different tree species, namely Tectona grandis, Acacia mangium, Acacia hybrid, Eucalyptus spp., Gmelina arborea, Swietenia macrophylla, Paulownia kawakamii, Xylia xylocarpa, Bruguiera sexangula and Rhizophora apiculata. Growers recognized pests of teak but were less familiar with pests of the other tree species. Diseases were only reported from teak and A. mangium. Weeds were reported only from mature plantations. Workers were mostly educated only up to primary school level. None were trained in pest and disease management and most did not know about invasive alien species (IAS) and integrated pest and disease management (IPM). Based on the needs identified from the surveys, three workshops were conducted for over 100 local participants.

Flexible closed-loop control device and control method for distribution network based on hybrid phase shifting transformer

With the increasingly complex structure of the distribution network and the increasing demand for power supply quality from the user side, relying solely on the original grid layout for power supply can no longer meet existing needs. Closed loop power supply can achieve uninterrupted load to improve power supply reliability. This article proposes a flexible loop closing device based on HPST for the case of large voltage phasor differences on both sides of the busbar loop closing point in the distribution network and proposes corresponding flexible loop closing and load transfer strategies based on the characteristics of HPST. Finally, a simulation of loop closure and power control was conducted based on the 10 kV distribution network loop closure scenario, verifying the feasibility of the HPST flexible loop closure device and the effectiveness of the control strategy.

Navigating the energy transition: Identifying critical success factors for ancillary services provision and sustainable energy solutions in Germany

The provision of ancillary services (AS) is subject to changes associated with the energy transition. Due to new requirements, the power supply quality, reliability, and safety must be achieved by simultaneously complying with technological, economic, and environmental constraints. To mitigate these challenges, we derive factors responsible for a successful venture of all stakeholders, referred to as critical success factors (CSFs). In a Design Science Research (DSR)-based approach, twelve specific CSFs are deduced from expert interviews with transmission-, plant-, and distribution system operators. These CSFs are evaluated in a focus group discussion with academic experts afterward. We summarize practical results and findings from failed and successful projects concerning energy trading strategies, asset portfolios, grid expansion, and communication technologies. We contribute to AS knowledge and derive recommendations for further research and practice.

Water quality assessment and evaluation of human health risk of drinking water in Ranchi District of Jharkhand

The primary cause of water-borne disease epidemics, particularly in underdeveloped nations, is the consumption of drinking water tainted with dangerous bacteria that originated in excrement. Water bodies have been essential to the development of civilizations throughout history, and they are still important for the modern economic expansion of all modern cultures. Microbes can get into water sources through agricultural inputs and rainfall runoff, which can combine with sewage effluents. The coliform group of bacteria, which signals the possible presence of harmful organisms, is the organism that is typically searched for during the standard water analysis technique. Microbes that cause disease in humans multiply and spread through the medium of water. For this reason, one of the most crucial criteria for public health is the drinking of safe water. Water samples were collected from various sources (surface water and groundwater sources) throughout March to May 2023. Ten water samples were taken from the surface and groundwater in and around Ranchi Municipality Nagra Toli and Karamtoli areas The MPN index, fungal tests, colony count, and other biochemical test parameters were all analyzed. Comparing surface water to groundwater, it was discovered that the MPN index of the former was higher. Up to 140 MPN/100 mL of total coliform count were found. Samples of surface and groundwater revealed the presence of two distinct bacterial species. It becomes clear that Escherichia coli and Bacillus Enterococcus faecalis bacterial isolates were common. The current study's objectives were to identify the various microbial groups and perform several microbiological studies. To maintain the hygienic quality of the water supply, it is strongly advised to do bacteriological examinations on both the water entering the distribution system and the water already in the system on a frequent and regular basis. Regular inspections are necessary for both sanitary management and testing portable water.

RNN-BiLSTM-CRF based amalgamated deep learning model for electricity theft detection to secure smart grids.

Electricity theft presents a substantial threat to distributed power networks, leading to non-technical losses (NTLs) that can significantly disrupt grid functionality. As power grids supply centralized electricity to connected consumers, any unauthorized consumption can harm the grids and jeopardize overall power supply quality. Detecting such fraudulent behavior becomes challenging when dealing with extensive data volumes. Smart grids provide a solution by enabling two-way electricity flow, thereby facilitating the detection, analysis, and implementation of new measures to address data flow issues. The key objective is to provide a deep learning-based amalgamated model to detect electricity theft and secure the smart grid. This research introduces an innovative approach to overcome the limitations of current electricity theft detection systems, which predominantly rely on analyzing one-dimensional (1-D) electric data. These approaches often exhibit insufficient accuracy when identifying instances of theft. To address this challenge, the article proposes an ensemble model known as the RNN-BiLSTM-CRF model. This model amalgamates the strengths of recurrent neural network (RNN) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) architectures. Notably, the proposed model harnesses both one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) electricity consumption data, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the theft detection process. The experimental results showcase an impressive accuracy rate of 93.05% in detecting electricity theft, surpassing the performance of existing models in this domain.

Research on two-stage optimization control method for energy storage systems based on multi service attribute utility evaluation

ABSTRACT With the high proportion of new energy access and the increasing demand for load electricity, efficient and reasonable control of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in the power grid is the key to promoting new energy consumption, improving the quality and economy of power supply in the power grid. To solve the optimization control problem of BESS under multiple power service objectives, a two-stage optimization control method for BESS based on multi-service attribute utility evaluation has been proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on various power service demands and grid operation constraints, a multi-objective optimized scheduling model for BESS has been established; Then, to solve the complex coupling problem between multiple optimization objectives of BESS, a two-stage optimization structure has been designed that the changes of various service indicators under different optimization objectives have been recognized in the first stage, and the entropy weight method was used to weight each optimization objective in the second stage objectively; Finally, in the IEEE 33-bus simulation example, compared with the suboptimal result under each single-objective method, the relative error of the power line losses, the maximum voltage deviation, the curtailment of new energy and the economics of power grid of this algorithm has been reduced at least 2.31, 1.11, 2.90, and 1.05 times, respectively. Meanwhile, the performances of active power reserve and reactive power reserve are better than most single-objective optimizations.

A Systematic Review of Strategic Supply Chain Challenges and Teaching Strategies

Background: This study provides a comprehensive overview of current supply chain challenges and how they are taught within university circles or among supply chain professionals to simulate reality. Methods: The study applied a systematic literature review, using bibliometric co-citation and concept-centered content analysis for a comprehensive review of 118 relevant articles, leading to the identification of critical challenges in modern supply chain management. Results: These challenges include supplier selection and quality, supply chain networks, and sustainable supply chains. Supply chain educators are encouraged to use games that mirror real-world scenarios to teach these challenges. Results from this review underscore that existing games covered supply chain concepts such as the bullwhip effect, collaboration, networks, supplier selection, quality management, humanitarian logistics, sustainability, lean supply chain, Supply Chain 4.0, and perishable goods supply. Conclusions: The study’s contribution is to assist in selecting games tailored to the supply chain specific aspects and to guide developers in creating realistic games that address recent challenges in supply chain management. It recommends a holistic approach to enhance new supply chain game development, drawing from methodologies such as problem-based learning and Lego Serious Play. This multifaceted approach imparts practical knowledge and comprehensive skills for addressing supply chain intricacies in modern business settings.

Design and analysis of optimal AGC regulator for multi‐area power systems with TCPS and energy storage unit in deregulated environment

AbstractIn today's electric power network, fast changes are the norm, and auxiliary services such as automatic generation control (AGC) play a crucial role in maintaining the quality of the power supply. AGC ensures a balance between power generation, demand, and losses to sustain frequency stability and variation in tie‐line power within a set limit, even when the load changes. To accomplish this, it is always beneficial to consider new approaches to controlling the situation. This paper introduces the design of new AGC regulators that consider deviation in DC tie‐line power as an extra control variable for the turbine controller. In this study, three different deregulated power systems (containing two control areas), namely three thermal generations, the combination of one thermal and two hydro generations, and three hydro generations, including two power distribution companies (DISCOs) in each control area. These optimal AGC regulators are implemented in the proposed thermal–thermal–thermal system to carry out the various power contracts. The results have shown that the dynamic outcomes meet the AGC standards. To improve further dynamic results and the proposed systems' stability margins by incorporating redox flow batteries (RFB). In actual operating conditions, the system parameters do not remain constant due to the aging effect, assumptions made in simplifying the mathematical model, etc. Thus, ±50% deviations in the nominal value of system parameters to assess how well the optimal AGC regulators perform in the system under investigation. The suggested realistic AGC system incorporates many parameter fluctuations and works well with the optimal AGC regulators developed for the proposed plans. This study expanded to include a two‐area, thermal‐hydro‐hydro (THH) system under a deregulated framework connected via an asynchronous transmission link with or without a thyristor‐controlled phase shifter (TCPS) and RFB. The genetic algorithm (GA) can solve many issues and has global search, flexibility to varied problem types, intrinsic parallelism, and the ability to handle massive, complex search spaces. Thus, a two‐area deregulated hydro‐hydro‐hydro system with parallel tie‐lines utilizes GA‐PID, GA‐FOPID, and GA‐(1 + PI)‐FOPID controllers. Moreover, a random load disturbance (RLD) is employed in each section of the offered approach to show the resilience and elite performance of the proposed control strategy. To produce various dynamic reactions in the plans, MATLAB software version R2013a is employed.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕТОДА «ЗАТРАТЫ – ВЫПУСК» ДЛЯ ОБОСНОВАНИЯ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЕКТОВ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИИ

The article contains a theoretical justification for the methods of intersectoral economics of the agri-food complex, based on the use of the author’s modification of input-output tables for the development and implementation of strategic projects to ensure food security in Russia. The key factors for sustainable growth of gross value added and final products in the country’s agri-food complex have been identified. A methodology has been developed for forecasting the vector of Russian food exports as a process with a high level of uncertainty. The influence of the spatial factor on the level and quality of food supply for the regional population has been revealed. The features of the matrices of direct and total cost coefficients have been studied, their relative stability in the medium term has been proven, opening up new opportunities for using the inputoutput method to justify strategic projects. A multi-level system of models is proposed, the basis of which is the inter-product balances of enterprises in the agri-food complex. The priorities for the structural modernization of the agri-food complex have been identified. The strategic directions for the development of institutions that ensure the growth of food consumption by the regional population are substantiated. Methodological recommendations have been developed for managing strategic projects to ensure the country’s food security in the context of new global challenges.

Vendor Selection Criteria and Construction Project Performance in Rivers Nigeria.

The study focused on Vendor Selection Criteria and Construction Project Performance in Rivers Nigeria. It adopted a survey approach; utilized structured questionnaire to collect data from 71 on-site construction project managers and engineers; data obtained were ranked according to their priority using Relative Importance Index (RII), and Chi-Square Analysis. Linear regression coefficients were drawn as estimates of construction project performance. The results showed that 22 criteria, grouped into four supplier selection dimensions: capability, quality, costs and sustainability. These indicators showed significant interaction with construction project performance. However, supplier flexibility did not yield significant outcome on construction project performance. The results suggest that supplier capability, supplier quality, supplier costs, and supplier sustainability selection variables are important sources of enhanced performance for construction project management. Keywords: Construction management; Vendor selection; Project performance; Relative importance index; Sustainable supplier selection.