Qualitative Research Research Articles

Learning and Organisational Change in Regional Agencies of Telemedicine: Implications for the Mexican Case

The aim of this article is to analyse the technological and organisational learning processes and their relationship with organisational and institutional changes in Mexican public hospitals that have implemented telemedicine systems. A qualitative research strategy has been followed by implementing an exploratory multiple-case-study approach. The fieldwork was conducted from July 2012 to June 2015 in seven regional agencies of telemedicine (RATM) of Mexico. General information for each RATM has been updated to 2021. The implementation and use of systems of telemedicine in clinics and hospitals around the world have influenced the efficiency and effectiveness of health services, but the effects are not direct or automatic. Health organisations go through phases of internalisation of technology and this implies the development of a knowledge base, learning processes and organisational and institutional changes. The processes of learning-by-doing, learning-by-implementing and learning-by-using explain the patterns of organisational and technological change. However, there are cultural and technical constraints that make these changes slow. A natural tension between the changes achieved and the prevailing resistances is present, so the role of leaders, the creation of scenarios that foster collaboration, trust and good communication among the members of the team, a knowledge base and learning processes are crucial.

Eurocentric ethics and Pakhtunwali in Northwest Pakistan: decolonising qualitative research

Eurocentric ethics and <i>Pakhtunwali</i> in Northwest Pakistan: decolonising qualitative research

Perspective taking of children with special needs: A systematic review

Perspective taking ability is an important influencing factor on the development of children’s social skills, but the perspective taking ability of children with special needs may be characterized differently due to their physical and mental developmental deficiencies. By combing and analyzing the relevant literature on perspective taking in children with special needs, this paper finds that existing studies have focused on four aspects: the overall level of perspective taking in children with special needs, the influencing factors of differences in the level of perspective taking, the assessment and measurement of perspective taking, and the intervention for the development of perspective taking ability. This paper reviews the four aspects of these studies and makes recommendations for future research and educational interventions on perspective taking in children with special needs. Further research is needed to focus on qualitative research methods to complement existing research findings and to develop effective intervention strategies for children with different special needs.

Examining the Impact of Teachers’ Cognitive Load on Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes in Saudi Classrooms

Background Examining the influence of cognitive load on teacher strategies, engagement of students, and the learning experience as a whole is essential in an age of educational reform and rapid technological evolution in instruction to become more effective pedagogues and positively impact student learning outcomes. This study explicates the experience of cognitive load on teachers and their ability to teach and engage students in the Saudi Arabian 21st-century classroom. Methods The study employed a qualitative research design to investigate the experiences of the 35 Saudi teachers through an essential initiative stratum of how they were selected in a randomized stratified process to ensure as much diversity as possible in the teaching community throughout Saudi Arabia. Data was collected through open-ended questionnaires and analyzed using thematic analysis to ascertain primary patterns and themes emerging from the data. Results The analysis found that (1) cognitive load significantly impacted teachers’ choice of instructional strategies. (2) Classroom performance was also impeded due to cognitive load as teachers struggled to engage and manage the learning of the students inside the classroom; (3) systemic and environmental forces devolving curriculum and integration of technology into instruction increased cognitive demand for the teachers, and (4) teachers employed various adaptive practices to manage their cognitive demands. They demonstrated tremendous resilience and adaptability in their practice. Conclusion The study findings have practical implications for educational policy and practice, primarily that educational policy and practice should focus on providing specific assistance and professional learning for teachers managing cognitive load. Finally, based on the findings, the study’s limitations and recommendations for further research are discussed.

Investigating Online Quran Interpretation: Methods and Sources on Muslimah.or.id and its Contribution to Online Islamic Discourse

Technological advancements are increasingly shaping daily life. This includes the dissemination of information, with Muslims utilizing technology for Islamic da'wah, particularly Qur'anic interpretation (Tafsīr). While traditionally accessed through physical prints, Tafsīr is now readily available on websites. This study analyzes the sources, methods, and patterns of interpretation employed by http://muslimah.or.id. Employing a qualitative research method with a descriptive-qualitative approach, the study reveals several key features of the website's Tafsīr approach. Interpretations focus on individual letters, specific themes, and contemporary Muslim women's issues. Authors cite reference sources, and interpretations are diverse, reflecting at least four distinct methods. The website incorporates both traditional (bi al-Maʼthūr) and rational (bi al-Ra'y) methods, drawing from classical Tafsīr works like Jalalain, at-Ṭabarī, and Ibn Kathīr. Notably, the website utilizes thematic (Mawḍūʻī) and comparative (Muqāran) approaches. The website prioritizes socio-literary (Adabī ijtimāʻī) aspects, focusing on linguistic, literary, and socio-cultural contexts. However, the inconsistent nature of interpretations due to the website's multiple contributors presents a potential challenge.

Hands-on Consensus Building: Leveraging Deep Learning Models to Unveil Hand Gestures in Consensus-Building Discourses

From the lens of embodied cognition, hand gestures emerge as vital embodiments facilitating shared meaning-making among learners in collaborative learning. Despite this recognition, the specific role of hand employment in various consensus-building discourses remains elusive, and there is a lack of quantitative evidence of hand employment in authentic classrooms. This study delves into the nuanced application of embodied cognition through hands across distinct consensus-building scenarios—quick, integration-oriented, and conflict-oriented consensus-building discourses. Forty engineering students from a Singapore university collaborated in dyads to solve design problems in a face-to-face computer-supported collaborative learning environment. Their collaboration process was video recorded. A deep learning-based model was applied to quantify students’ hand movement. The different kinds of individual and collaborative hand gestures were analyzed. The results found a significantly larger quantity and more balanced quantity of hand gesture employment during conflict-oriented consensus-building discourse than other consensus-building discourses. Students most often applied depictive gestures and idea alternations to demonstrate their understanding and build on each other’s ideas. This study quantitatively explores how hand gestures contribute to consensus-building in collaborative learning, corroborating existing qualitative research. It suggests that incorporating hand gestures in classrooms may enhance students’ thought processes and foster shared understanding.

Mainstreaming Peacebuilding in the Development of Conflict-Affected Oil Producing Community of Imo State, Nigeria

The quest for social peace and development, referred to as the effort to enhance the wellbeing of people in society has remained a concern in the conflict-affected oil producing communities in Imo State. Looking at the 11th and 16th Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which focus on making human societies inclusive, safe, resilient and peaceful; the underlying understanding is that social conditions constitute the vital components of sustainable development. Sadly, these goals are significantly hampered by constant and widespread violent conflicts and extremism in the oil producing communities. The communities have remained a tale of poverty, squalor, and gross underdevelopment in the midst of plenty, due to environmental degradation which has continued to impact negatively on the people’s means of livelihood. To address the challenges posed by violent conflicts and destructive impacts, this study interrogates the need for mainstreaming peacebuilding in development of conflict-affected oil producing communities in Imo State. The study employed a qualitative research methodology, using secondary data from journals and published articles. The theoretical framework of the peacebuilding and economic growth, developed by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) was adopted. Findings of the study revealed that social losses attributable to violent conflicts especially, in developing oil producing communities call for development initiators to consider the mutual interface of peace and development. The study concludes that mainstreaming peacebulding in development of oil producing communities in Imo State will encourage sustainability and therefore recommends that conflict-sensitive development programmes should be promoted, and development intervention initiators should focus on the root causes and dynamics of conflict in the oil producing communities.

The role of working in creative tourism on the quality of life of older artisans: evidence from Algarve, Portugal

Abstract Creative tourism has emerged as a transformative force in the realm of tourism, promising to enhance not only economic outcomes but also the quality of life (QoL) of destination communities. However, the specific impact of creative tourism on the QoL of its workforce, specifically in older artisans, remains understudied. This research aims to fill this gap by investigating whether, and how, working in creative tourism affects older artisans’ QoL. Through qualitative research methods, including semistructured interviews and direct observations, the findings reveal that working in creative tourism positively contributes to the older artisans’ QoL, especially for some of its dimensions. This occurs through several mechanisms/processes, among which the sense of value stands out. These results underscore the transformative potential of creative tourism in promoting the QoL of its workforce, particularly older artisans, making contributions for theory and social intervention to 2 distinct scientific fields: creative tourism and social gerontology. By recognizing the multifaceted impacts of creative tourism, policymakers and practitioners can harness its potential to promote the QoL of its workforce and the sustainable development of local destinations.

Community health worker and caregiver experiences and perceptions of a multimodal handheld pulse oximeter used in sick child consultations in rural Burundi: A qualitative evaluation.

Community Health Workers (CHWs) in low- and middle-income countries are essential in providing primary health care to remote communities. However, due to limited diagnostic tools, CHWs often struggle to correctly identify childhood illnesses, especially pneumonia. We conducted a prospective pilot study and used qualitative research methods to evaluate acceptability and feasibility of a multimodal pulse oximeter used by CHWs during their integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illness consultations in rural Burundi. We used purposive sampling to recruit CHWs and trained them to use the oximeters during household iCCM consultations for children 6-59 months of age. After eight weeks of using the devices, we conducted eight focus group discussions to evaluate experiences and perceptions of the device among CHWs and caregivers. Our thematic analysis, based upon deductive and inductive reasoning, identified the following themes: durability, storability, trust, self-efficacy, child agitation, ease of using the device, and interpretation of parameters. CHWs deemed the devices highly acceptable and took pride in safely storing them but reported challenges in utilizing respiration rate, pulse, and oxygen saturation (though temperature was understood). Child agitation was a barrier to oximeter use, especially among children 6-12 months. Additional CHW capacity-building on interpreting parameters is needed when using oximeters during household iCCM consultations in Burundi, including an iCCM job aid (decision-making tree) with oxygen saturation and respiratory rate cut-offs for treatment and/or referral. Training and using child-calming techniques could be an important strategy for obtaining quality measurements. While CHWs and caregivers highly valued the oximeters during sick child visits, the devices may be better utilized and scalable at the health facility level.

Criminal Offenses Committed by Civilians Together With Members Of The Military

The Military Court can only deal with such cases if there is a decision by the Minister of Defense and Security, approved by the Minister of Justice, to transfer it to a military court. This decision is usually based on consideration of the degree of harm caused to military interests. Based on the types and sources of data used in this research, the author applies normative qualitative research methods. Normative qualitative research is an approach carried out through literature studies by utilizing various references, such as laws, books, journals, theses, and laws and regulations relevant to the formulation of research problems Conflicting sentences reflect the complexity of the criminal justice system involving various legal institutions, such as military police, civilian police, military prosecutors. The handling of this case requires good coordination between institutions to ensure a transparent legal process, in accordance with applicable regulations. This mechanism aims to accommodate equal legal treatment of perpetrators, both members of the military and civilians, while maintaining military discipline, the rule of law. Conflicting crimes reflect the complexity of the criminal justice system in Indonesia, because they involve two different legal jurisdictions. The mechanisms set out in the Military Justice Law aim to ensure justice for perpetrators and victims, while still considering the efficiency and effectiveness of the legal process. The handling of koneksitas cases requires cross-institutional cooperation to ensure a fair and transparent legal process.

Improving Population Administration Services at the Buleleng Regency Population and Civil Registry Office through the Development of 6 Service Innovations, Detailed Service Information Systems, and Service Monitoring Displays

The Population and Civil Registration Service of Buleleng Regency has been managing population data since 2022 through the AKUOnline application and in 2023 it will develop into AKUOnline-NG. In 2024, AKUOnline-NG will be available in a PWA (progressive web apps) version and can be accessed via mobile devices by all residents of Buleleng Regency. With the largest population in Bali Province, public administration services for population through AKUOnline-NG need to be improved. In order to prepare open access for AKUOnline-NG to 826,000 residents of Buleleng and anticipate complaints/questions related to AKUOnline-NG which currently only provides a login page. In addition, to accommodate 6 innovation services (BALITA, AKSAMA, NYAKSI, SAKKINAH, APISAN and KK DILAN) which currently do not have features, AKUOnline-NG needs to be further developed. The purpose of this study is the development of AKUOnline-NG in accommodating 6 innovation services, improving the detailed service information system (SIM) not just a login page, and developing a service monitoring display so that evaluations can be carried out on public services. In addition, this study also aims to determine the impact of the implementation of 6 digital-based service innovations, detailed SIM services and monitoring displays on improving public services. During the implementation of the study, qualitative research was conducted to determine the business processes that would be digitized and the agile development approach so that it could involve users, especially Disdukcapil. In addition, quantitative research was conducted with the USE questionnaire (usefulness, satisfaction and ease of use) as a model of technology acceptance.

Cultural Memory and Identity in Motion: Analyzing the Performance Characteristics of Yellow Mud Drum Dance

The Yellow Mud Drum Dance is deeply rooted in the ritual customs of the Yao people, functioning both as a repository of cultural memory and a dynamic expression of collective identity. This study explores the performance characteristics of the Yellow Mud Drum Dance, a traditional Yao ritual, within the broader context of cultural preservation and adaptation. Based on fieldwork conducted in Jinxiu, Guangxi, China, this study employed qualitative research methods, including participant observation, interviews with local practitioners, and performance analysis, to examine the choreography, music, and spatial arrangements of the dance. The results indicate that these elements play a critical role in enhancing community cohesion and fostering emotional resonance among participants. As the Yellow Mud Drum Dance transitions from ritual spaces to modern performance venues, its evolution preserves core symbolic elements while demonstrating the resilience and adaptability of traditional cultural expression in the face of modernization and globalization. This study underscores the importance of preserving such performative cultures, while also allowing room for innovation to ensure they continue to play a meaningful role in contemporary society.

The paradox of digital marketing: Sustainable framework for effective strategies and regulatory challenges

This research aims to explore the digital marketing paradox in the context of a sustainable framework. It investigates the relationship between usability, customer behavior, and the sustainable digital performance of effective strategies, as well as the regulated usability of e-commerce as a digital platform (including ethics, regulations, and practices). A qualitative research design was employed to develop a sustainable digital framework for these industries. This was followed by a quantitative descriptive analysis to provide triangulated results. This research collected and analyzed primary and secondary data from four case studies. The data were sourced from multiple industries, focusing on the perspectives of marketing professionals. Primary data were gathered through interviews with marketing professionals from various sectors, while secondary data were obtained through literature reviews and sustainability reports. The empirical findings identified two key types of sustainable digital-influencing themes: internally-focused and externally-focused digital marketing drivers integrated within digital platforms. These drivers demonstrate how they leverage improvements in sustainability digital performance, including digital platform approaches and governance structures. The findings highlight an innovative digital marketing paradox integrated into digital platform approaches, which contributes a novel empirical perspective to enhancing the industry's decision-making processes for creating successful sustainability-focused digital performance, encompassing ethics, regulations, and best practices. This research represents one of the few attempts to explore the integration of digital marketing into digital platforms for improved sustainability digital performance by addressing effective strategies and regulatory challenges. Thus, this study contributes to both the theoretical and practical knowledge of digital platforms, especially within emerging economies such as Jordan.

Gen Z Generation's Difficulties in Proving Trigonometric Identities with The Help of Gpt Chat

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning technologies, which play an important role among emerging technologies, have developed rapidly and have begun to be used in various fields in recent years, especially in education. Many factors cause low student learning ability in mathematics lessons. This study aimed to analyze Gen Z students' difficulties in completing trigonometric identity proofs by utilizing ChatGPT Trigonometry-assisted learning. The type of research used was qualitative research. Research data were collected through observation of student activities, direct interviews, and related literature studies. This research was conducted in SMA N 1 Indralaya Selatan. The instruments used were test question sheets and interview guidelines. The results of this study indicate that Generation Z struggles with basic trigonometry concepts, early solution strategies, and proper algebraic manipulation. In addition, reliance on ChatGPT often reduces students' conceptual understanding of the material. This article recommends learning strategies integrating technology and direct teacher assistance to improve learning effectiveness.

Transparent Reflexivity: How to Exude Neutrality and Navigate Gatekeeping Through Shifting Positionality?

Gaining access to interviewees when carrying out qualitative research is a time-consuming, challenging undertaking. When face to face with gatekeepers, the work of convincing them to share their contacts and knowledge is not over, particularly when the research involves antagonistic groups and the researcher’s positionality can be scrutinized in relation to that. In this article, based on my field work on hydraulic fracturing and its socioenvironmental impacts in Appalachia, I explore how my positionality shifted while being vouched for by funders and industry representatives. Additionally, I show how being probed due to my institutional affiliation, origin, and disciplinary background required me to strive to be perceived as neutral, in direct opposition to my feminist ethics, for the sake of ingratiating myself with gatekeepers. I problematize how this behavior was necessary as a first-year untenured faculty in the context of neoliberal academia, where I had to ensure meeting the funders’ expectations and paving the way for potential future additional funding and job security.

Supportive care needs of the family caregivers of urostomy patients: a qualitative study

Family caregivers play a vital role during the home care of urostomy patients by providing direct care and support. The role of family caregivers may extend to several years, even over ten years, in certain cases. In this process, the caregivers are impacted in various ways due to the patient’s conditions and may not be able to identify and address their own needs, which often get ignored and remain unfulfilled. The present study aimed to explore the supportive care needs of such family caregivers of urostomy patients. The method of qualitative research with the aid of purposive sampling was adopted in the present study. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 22 family caregivers of urostomy patients. Each interview lasted 60 min. Data analysis was conducted by employing the NVivo software for qualitative research and using a thematic approach. Four themes were identified: (i) Strong psychological and physical needs; (ii) Eagerness for information regarding the patient’s diseases; (iii) Need for social support; (iv) Necessity of spiritual support. Further, within these four themes, eight sub-themes were constructed using coders. The respondents reported that they felt equally under pressure as the urostomy patients they were caring for, although the medical staff appeared to be paying little attention to them. The medical staff paid greater attention to the patients, while the caregivers also required their help and support. The need for supportive care is quite common among the family caregivers of patients with urostomy. Medical staff should comprehensively understand the needs of the family caregivers of urostomy patients and then actively provide targeted psychological/physical/information/social/spiritual support to these caregivers. This would result in enhanced caregiving skills and reduced burden among these caregivers.

Facilitators and Barriers of Health Behaviors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study.

The purpose of the study was to explore the facilitators and barriers of health behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), providing a reference for the development of health behavior interventions programs. A qualitative descriptive research design was adopted, and interviews were conducted with 25 patients with T2D. The interview guide was developed based on the health action process approach theory. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis. Through the analysis of interview data, 2 main themes were identified: facilitators and barriers of health behaviors, comprising 18 subthemes. The facilitators included self-efficacy, outcome expectations, risk perception, intention, action planning, coping planning, emotional regulation, proactive and sustained sense of responsibility, and multidimensional social support. The barriers included insufficient disease awareness, insufficient self-control, impact of social activities, low self-efficacy, accessibility of personal conditions, lack of problem-solving skills, lack of disease management knowledge, lack of social support, and cognitive decline. When designing health behavior intervention programs for patients with T2D, it is crucial to consider both facilitators and barriers to enhance the effectiveness of the interventions to encourage patients to adopt healthy lifestyles, improve their quality of life, and reduce the occurrence of complications.

Exploring Health Sciences Students' Perspectives on Using Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Qualitative Study.

The widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in academic settings has the potential to revolutionize learning experiences, enhance educational outcomes, and streamline academic processes. The aim of this research was to explore the perceptions of Lebanese health sciences students regarding the use of generative AI in higher education. A qualitative descriptive research design informed by descriptive phenomenology was employed. Semi-structured interviews were carried out among 23 health sciences students at one major private university in Beirut. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted over the period of 3 months. The inductive thematic analysis generated two themes, and eight subthemes highlighting the benefits and concerns in using AI; customized, self-paced, and autonomous learning, improved language and writing skills, development of innovative concepts, enhanced efficiency, accuracy of information, overreliance on AI, equitable access, unclear policies. Results from this study emphasized the importance of combined efforts across sectors to close access gaps, encourage inclusiveness, and develop well framed policies that enable students to utilize these new technologies for their maximum benefits.

Poverty and education: the impacts of tea workers’ chronic poverty on their children’s education in rural Bangladesh

ABSTRACT This article investigates the impact of chronic poverty on tea plantation worker children’s education and occupational outcomes, drawing insights from the published work of experts on chronic poverty and employing a qualitative research approach. We collected data from two large tea plantations in northeast Bangladesh through in-depth interviews, case studies, focus group discussions, and direct observation. The data shows that tea workers’ poverty has a significant and negative impact on their children’s education and occupation. Their lack of affordable options and the high costs of transportation, uniforms, food, and other education-related expenses institutionalize and perpetuate poverty. The structural constraints and systematic regulations imposed by the tea estate owners on the workers lead to this outcome. Therefore, a cycle of poverty traps the families of tea workers, leading to low levels of education, limited occupational options, and perpetuating poverty across generations.

Formation of a system of economic education in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

In the year of the ninetieth anniversary of higher education in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), it is necessary to turn to the origins of the formation of economic education in the republic, to study its current trends and development prospects. To achieve the strategic goals and objectives of the Russian Federation, specialists with economic and financial competencies are needed, which causes a high degree of urgency of the problem. The opening of the Yakut State Pedagogical Institute in 1934 and the Yakutsk State University in 1956 laid the foundations for economic education in our republic. This article defines the stages of formation of economic education in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), training of financial and economic personnel for the effective functioning of the national economy. In a short historical period of time, Yakutia has passed the path of formation not only of educational institutions of various levels, but also of the creation of a higher education system as an important factor of social and economic development. Economic education is an integral, important part of higher education. The purpose of modern economic education is to form a high level of economic thinking and professional competencies. The level of competitiveness of the modern economy is largely determined by the quality of economic education, which creates the foundation for the growth of well-being and economic development. The article uses a set of quantitative and qualitative research methods: the study of scientific literature, regulatory legal documents; statistical data in the field of economic education, analytical materials, etc.