Qualitative Research Study Research Articles

A pilot qualitative study of a person-centered approach to eating distress in women

ABSTRACT Person-centered experiential (PCE) psychotherapists work with the phenomenology of client experience from within their client’s frame of reference. Consequently, PCE theory does not provide proscriptions or prescriptions of therapeutic practice for helping clients with discrete forms of psychological distress. This research study provides a phenomenological account using person-centered theory for how the complex experiences of eating distress can be understood without relying on the medicalized diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. A pilot qualitative research study was conducted to explore participants’ experiences of eating distress. An inductive and deductive thematic analysis was employed to construct themes within the data; four main themes were identified. Inductive analysis was used to code participant’s experiences, and PCE theory was used to provide a deductive coding of those participant experiences. The data suggested eating distress can be understood as an expression of incongruence, linked to the theory of conditions of worth within the self-concept, characterized by the presence of a dominant inner critic and is often accompanied by intense feelings of shame.

Teachers’ practices and perceptions in a Mexican higher education context about out-of-class teamwork evaluation

Not much has been said about Mexican teachers’ teaching practices regarding teamwork in higher education. Ruiz-Esparza Barajas et al. (2016) discussed university teachers’ perceptions of out-of-class teamwork. As part of the second stage of a larger project which attempts to shed light on university teaching practices regarding out-of-class teamwork, this study examines teachers’ practices of out-of-class teamwork from the assessment perspective. Teachers’ approaches to the evaluation of the outcomes of teamwork are a relatively unexplored area, especially in the Latin-American context. This qualitative research study accounts for the teamwork assigned by education or subject-related teachers and their evaluation approaches. Data collected from recorded interviews of twelve teachers working with teachers-to-be in 8 Mexican universities were transcribed to identify their beliefs and practices regarding evaluating out-of-class teamwork. The outcome of the analysis reveals teachers use teamwork for varied reasons and purposes; their expected outcomes are also dissimilar. While some teachers feel satisfied with their approach to evaluating out-of-class teamwork, others feel there is still work to do in this area. It may be suggested that this could be related to their initial purpose in using out-of-class teamwork.

STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE PLANNING FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

Strategic leadership is recognized as a vital tool in the transformation of rural organisation. Thus, this qualitative research study aimed at assessing the role of strategic leadership in the transformation of rural organisation. The study used a semi-structured interview schedule to collect data. Purposive sampling was used to select a cohort of sixty members of Villages Development and Security Committee (JPKK) of Malaysia. Those selected as participants include chairmen, secretaries and ordinary members. The study used an inductive approach for data analysis. The data analysis led to the development of five main themes of ‘strategic direction’, ‘ethical practices’, ‘exploitation and maintenance’, ‘development of human capital’ and ‘sustaining a corporate culture’.

“I represented Tybalt in straight red lines.” Developing a multimodal approach for teaching Shakespeare to lower secondary age pupils

ABSTRACT This qualitative Action Research study explores a group of lower secondary pupils’ use of social semiotic resources and traditional and digital tools to develop an understanding of Romeo and Juliet at a private trilingual school in Barcelona. Forming part of a wider study undertaken by an English language and literature teacher, it documents how learners engage in visual, linguistic, manual, and digital responses to the play. The results show the increased enjoyment and the agency of learners when a range of modes are introduced to facilitate a Shakespeare study. It demonstrates how integrating multimodality can encourage pupils to draw on their backgrounds and cultural experiences to access classic texts. Furthermore, it reveals how a multimodal approach can be part of a student-centred pedagogy and facilitate assessment methods that are alternative to traditional written assignments. Integrating multimodal composition processes gives learners opportunities to create texts for a specific audience, to think critically about the reading, make personal connections with the classical play, and increase their knowledge of English literature.

Trauma-Informed Approach to Qualitative Interviewing in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Research.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is recognized as a public health concern owing to its chronic nature, association with suicide risk, and its growing prevalence rates across the globe. Including individuals living with NSSI in research is crucial as it offers opportunities to give primacy to participant voices and insights, further guiding therapeutic interventions. Research has established an association between history of traumatic events and adverse childhood experiences with subsequent risk of NSSI. When planning a qualitative research study with individuals with potential trauma history, researchers need to be aware of and sensitive to potential re-traumatization and distressing emotions that participants may experience during interviews, as well as complex trauma reactions that may affect individuals after study participation. The article emphasizes that researchers be cognizant of the multifaceted nature of trauma and how it can impact individuals and communities and be sensitive in their approach to interviewing vulnerable groups such as individuals with experiences of NSSI. The authors propose adopting a trauma-informed approach to ethically plan and conduct qualitative interviews exploring NSSI experiences. Trauma-informed recommendations for preparing and carrying out specific steps during different stages of NSSI interviews are detailed.

How the nursing associate role is viewed by different stakeholders: a qualitative research study

How the nursing associate role is viewed by different stakeholders: a qualitative research study

Patients' attitudes to bedside teaching after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bedside teaching (BST) is a method of structured clinical teaching where the patient is central in education. We had previously explored the patients' perceptions of BST using both a qualitative research study and validation of a questionnaire, both showing strong support by patients for BST once basic rules of respect and confidentiality are followed. With the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical education transitioned to online/virtual learning. The aim of this study was to explore patients' attitudes towards reintroduction of BST as the pandemic restrictions have lifted. Patients were invited to complete a validated questionnaire exploring their attitudes towards BST. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results were compared to a previous study performed before the COVID-19 pandemic. Four hundred patients consented to complete the questionnaires. Participants included women attending for antenatal (40%), postnatal (33%) and gynaecology issues (28%). Most patients (> 94%) reported that they were happy to be involved in BST. Patients believed that they should not be asked to participate in BST should they feel stressed or unwell (69%). These findings were the same as our previous study, performed prior to the pandemic. This study shows extensive and persisting patient support for BST. BST is unique in that it allows students to gain a deeper understanding of the disease which are hard to elicit through online/virtual methods.

Tackling antimicrobial resistance in primary care facilities across Pakistan: Current challenges and implications for the future

Antibiotics are gradually becoming less effective against bacteria worldwide, and this issue is of particular concern in economically-developing nations like Pakistan. We undertook a scoping review in order to review the literature on antimicrobial use, prescribing, dispensing and the challenges associated with antimicrobial resistance in primary care (PC) settings in Pakistan. Furthermore, this review aims to identify potential solutions to promote appropriate use of antimicrobials in Pakistan. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist, a comprehensive scoping review was conducted to review the literature of antimicrobials used, prescribed and dispensed in PC settings in Pakistan. Google Scholar and Pub-Med were searched for the period 2000–2023. Papers were analyzed on the basis of eligibility i.e., included antimicrobial use, prescribing and dispensing practices by general population at homes, by prescribers in outpatient departments of hospitals and by pharmacists/dispensers in community pharmacies, respectively. Two researchers analyzed the articles thoroughly and disagreements were resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. Both quantitative and qualitative research studies were eligible for inclusion. Additionally, the selected papers were grouped into different themes. We identified 4070 papers out of which 46 studies satisfied our eligibility criteria. The findings revealed limited understanding of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by physicians and community pharmacists along with inappropriate practices in prescribing and dispensing antibiotics. Moreover, a notable prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics was observed among the general population, underscoring a lack of awareness and knowledge concerning proper antibiotic usage. Given the clinical and public health implications of AMR, Pakistan must prioritize its policies in PC settings. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) need to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and dispensing, improve their understanding of the AWaRe (access, watch and reserve antibiotics) classification and guidance, monitor current usage and resistance trends, as well as implement antimicrobial stewardship (ASP) activities starting in targeted locations.

Perceptions of Self-Care and Work–Life Balance Among Secondary School Athletic Trainers

The athletic training research agenda identifies a need for exploration on strategies for improved work–life balance. One unexplored area is self-care practices used to maintain work–life balance. Fourteen (six males, eight females) athletic trainers employed in the secondary school setting participated in a qualitative research study. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using an inductive approach as prescribed by phenomenological approach. Data saturation guided recruitment and peer review and intercoder reliability was used for credibility. Secondary school athletic trainers are engaging in self-care practices regularly and connect those activities to their work–life balance. Self-care practices are designed to create “me time” and are geared toward physical and social self-care activities. In addition, our results address the interchangeable thoughts of self-care practices, stress relief, and work–life balance.

Role of Hotel Management Crisis in Covid-19 and Post-Covid-19 Period: A Case Study of Opatija Riviera Micro-Region in Croatia

Abstract Background/Purpose Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, interest in studying crisis influences grew in the last three years since it significantly impacted tourism and hospitality. Observing adaptations and transformations in hotel business models is necessary for tourism and hospitality firms to remain successful and competitive. The purpose of this qualitative case study is to critically analyse crisis management processes and management decisions regarding changes and adaptations in strategies and business model innovations to facilitate recovery, resilience, and sustained growth of hotels in the Croatian micro-region Opatija Riviera in Covid-19 and post-Covid-19 period. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hotel managers and tourism and hospitality consultants. The transcriptions were checked, and collected data was interpreted based on the narrative analysis. Thematic content analysis (TCA) was applied in the study. Results Hotels in Opatija Riviera adapt their crisis business models to ensure long-term and sustainable growth and development of hotels and the destination itself. The primary focus is increasing the quality of services and guest satisfaction, achieving competitiveness in the tourist market. Conclusion The paper includes an exploratory qualitative research study on the impact and consequences of Covid-19 on business and organisational changes in the hotel industry in the Opatija Riviera area, which will have a medium- and long-term impact on the design of resilience and sustainable growth policies. The disruption caused by the pandemic is also important for hotel managers and management from the point of view of introducing crisis management processes, the results of which can be seen in the protection of the well-being of guests, employees and the general reputation of hotels. Therefore, hotel management needs to emphasise the importance of identifying business strategies and practices in business strategies and thus form the basis for effective crisis management.

The Medication Use Issues and Challenges of Mental Illness Exacerbation in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Study in Thailand.

Patients with schizophrenia often experience mental illness exacerbations, which lead to frequent re-hospitalization. Non-adherence to medication is the main cause of relapses, despite many patients requiring lifelong treatment. Non-adherence consequences include higher re-admission and suicide rates, worse progression of mental illness, higher rates of violence by patients with mental illness, and increased use of emergency psychiatric services. This directly impacts the cost and workload of the mental healthcare system. This study aims to understand medication non-adherence among schizophrenia patients in Thailand based on the country's specific context. This qualitative research study explored the causes of non-adherence to medication and health perceptions among patients with schizophrenia in Thailand. Five patients with schizophrenia were included in this study. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, recordings of treatments, and field notes based on the interpretive perspective of key informants with the concept of phenomenology. Thematic analysis revealed two main themes associated with mental illness exacerbation: triggers of exacerbation and medication non-adherence. The triggers that emerged from the data were substance abuse and psychological stress. Medication non-adherence issues were misunderstandings about mental illness and its treatment, lack of participation in treatment, and difficulty accessing mental health services. This study explored the importance of medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia. Non-adherence to medication can worsen mental illness and create a vicious cycle that makes treatment more challenging. Substance abuse and psychological stress can also exacerbate this cycle. Mental health services should strive to improve medication adherence strategies and offer social support to prevent harmful behaviors and break the vicious cycle.

Public Library and Librarian Stereotypes in The Indonesian Film Kambodja

PurposeThis study aimed to describe the portrayals of a library and librarian in the Indonesian film Kam-bodja based on the suitability of historical facts and cultural aspects and to find out public per-ceptions and stereotypes about the image of librarians.MethodThis qualitative research study used a critical discourse analysis and the dispositive method to-wards the unit of analysis in the form of dialogues and film scene cuts. Data were obtained by watching, selecting dialogues and scenes, and making notes.Results/FindingsIt finds a portrayal of the public library, its operational activities, and worker according to the period 1955-1965 in the film. There are three representations of public libraries found in the film: a library as an information centre, a social place, and a quiet place. There are also three portray-als of librarian in the film: librarian is a female profession, has dominating power over library users, and is quiet and unapproachable.ConclusionThe representations of libraries and librarians in the film show consistency and sustainability in how the media represents libraries and the librarianship profession, which influences public per-ception. Such knowledge continuously reinforced through the media shows that the public still needs to familiarize themselves with libraries and librarianship. The negative image in various media is a challenge that must be faced for the sustainability of this field and is expected to reflect how the public views libraries and their profession.

A64Preparing prequalifying health-care students to deliver collaborative, patient-centred care for those with mental health difficulties

Collaborative, patient-centred care delivered by interprofessional clinical teams is known to improve healthcare efficiency, as well as patient and staff satisfaction [1]. Therefore, inclusion of interprofessional education as an accredited element within prequalifying healthcare programmes is growing [2]. The use of simulation-based learning may provide an effective method of delivering high quality, safe and effective interprofessional education in challenging but transferable settings like caring for patients presenting with mental health difficulties. A half-day simulation course consisting of three scenarios was designed. Actors trained in the portrayal of mental health difficulties by service users were workshopped into the scenarios, with representation from each professional group to enhance authenticity. Each scenario was followed by a facilitated debrief that allowed for whole group learning, using a debrief model [3]. Effective interprofessional collaboration and professional representation was modelled by an interprofessional faculty. Facilitators were encouraged to reflect on their own biases around other professions, recognizing the impact these may have on their debriefing choices. During debriefing, participants were encouraged to consider the impact that collaborative practice has on patient-centred care. Facilitators were encouraged to draw out unconscious biases and highlight issues that can inhibit the successful delivery of collaborative, patient-centred care. Staff development was supported through mentorship and faculty debriefing. The pilot programme ran four times for 72 nursing and medical students. 50 of the 72 (69%) participants provided anonymous feedback via a mixed methods questionnaire. Of these, 54% were medical students and 46% were nursing students. On a Likert scale (1 = poor, 10 = excellent), all participants rated the experience 7/10 or above, with 74% rating it 9 or 10/10. Likert scale questions regarding applicability, course design elements and perceived learning were also highly rated. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the free text questions by two discrete researchers. The results were broadly categorized into learner experience and learning outcomes. Participant perspectives of the benefits of the simulation training on aspects of interprofessional collaboration can be seen in Participant perspectives of the benefits of the simulation training on aspects of interprofessional collaboration This pilot demonstrates that interprofessional education can be successfully delivered in this way, and has been adopted into the medical and nursing student curricula. The next run includes 300 students from medical, nursing and allied health programmes across two institutions, and will be re-evaluated. A qualitative research study to explore the learning that higher educational institutions can gain by delivering interprofessional learning using simulation is also underway. Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable.

Analyzing properties of success for assessment development in maker-based learning

Public libraries have embraced the popularity of maker education and makerspaces by integrating maker education in their program offerings, and by developing makerspaces that enable patrons to tinker and create products. But less attention has been paid to supporting librarians and maker educators in assessing the impact of these spaces. To expand assessment scholarship and practices related to public library makerspaces, we offer two contributions. First, we share findings from a qualitative research study in which we analyzed how 17 library staff and maker educators define success and identify evidence of success in their maker programs. The findings from that study, in conjunction with our collective experience as research partners working with public library makerspaces, laid the foundation for a series of analysis tools we developed to help stakeholders identify the assessment needs of such learning environments. The Properties of Success Analysis Tools (PSA Tools) represent our second contribution; these tools invite library staff and maker educators to reflect on and unpack their definitions of success in order to identify what features a relevant assessment tool should have.

What YouTubers Tell Children

Today's children are growing up in a digital world, surrounded by electronic devices and interacting with various media types and characters from a young age. When used conscientiously, technology and media can have many positive contributions to human life. However, if not used properly, they have the potential to cause serious negative consequences. Learning through observation and imitation is crucial in children's learning processes. The quality of interaction with models and the models they learn from play an important role. Today, media characters are the ones that children are closest to and interact with the most. Some children spend more time in front of screens and in media environments than they do with their parents. As a result, the content that media characters present to children and how they behave can significantly impact what children say and do. To examine the content of YouTuber videos produced for children, we conducted a qualitative research study using a case study design. We used the criterion sampling method to select study materials, which included content videos produced by 10 different YouTubers. We obtained research data using the YouTuber Video Review Form developed by the researcher. To analyze the data, we used the thematic analysis technique, a type of content analysis method. Our findings revealed that the videos contained negative verbal expressions and visual content related to violence, aggression, slang, slander, harmful habits, product advertisements, and sexuality. Additionally, we observed that YouTubers used verbal expressions that did not follow language rules, exhibited a unique form of expression, and used dialectal language.

Integrating COM-B and the person-based approach to develop an ACT based therapy programme to raise self-determination in adolescents with obesity

BackgroundThis paper details the development of the Adolescent Intrinsic Motivation ‘AIM2Change’ intervention to support weight-management in young people previously unable to make changes whilst attending a tier 3 weight management service for children and young people. AIM2Change is an acceptance and commitment therapy based intervention that will be delivered one-to-one online over a seven-week period.MethodsTo develop this intervention, we have triangulated results from a qualitative research study, patient and public involvement groups (PPI) and a COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation, behaviour) analysis, in a method informed by the person-based approach.ResultsThe integrated development approach yielded a broad range of perspectives and facilitated the creation of a tailored intervention to meet the needs of the patient group whist remaining pragmatic and deliverable.ConclusionsThe next steps for this intervention will be in-depth co-development of the therapy sessions with service users, before implementing a proof of concept trial.

Meeting the Needs of Young People During the COVID-19 Pandemic Through Program Adaptations in Creative Youth Development Programs

Creative Youth Development (CYD) is a holistic approach to engaging young people through the arts and creativity to support them in thriving in all aspects of their lives. Young people consistently rank culminating events – performances, exhibitions, youth summits, screenings of their films – as a powerful motivator and key aspect of their involvement in creative youth development programs. This article features insights from a qualitative research study in the United States that explored how CYD programs adapted culminating events to the largely virtual program environments of 2020. Findings include challenges organizations faced in 2020; strategies for adapting culminating events during the COVID-19 pandemic, ranging from centering core principles of youth leadership and prioritizing connection with young people to creative strategies for engaging youth, including positioning new event formats as opportunities for youth to co-create entirely new experiences and events; and implications for the youth development field.

Exploring attitudes of people with chronic conditions towards telerehabilitation: A qualitative study

Abstract Background Patient attitudes towards telerehabilitation have been explored in condition-specific cohorts. However, less is known about how patients perceive generic group telerehabilitation programmes for a range of chronic conditions. The aim of this research is to explore the attitudes of people with a range of chronic health conditions towards group-based telerehabilitation, and the acceptability of generic telerehabilitation programmes. Methods We conducted a qualitative research study using semi-structured focus groups via videoconferencing software. A purposive sample of 18 people with chronic health complaints including cardiorespiratory, neurological and musculoskeletal conditions were recruited. The sample included both those who had (n = 11), and had not (n = 7), previously engaged in telerehabilitation programmes. An online questionnaire collected demographic information and data regarding previous telerehabilitation participation and preferences. Focus groups were conducted via videoconferencing, in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research Checklist, and analysed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's methodology. Findings were triangulated with quantitative questionnaire data. Results Four focus groups were conducted including participants with chronic cardiorespiratory (n = 8), neurological (n = 6) and musculoskeletal (n = 4) conditions. Three themes were identified regarding telerehabilitation: 1. Benefits and Facilitators 2. Challenges and Barriers, and 3. Preferences Conclusion(s) Telerehabilitation is convenient for people with chronic conditions, however, concerns exist regarding technology and the limitations of this healthcare delivery method. The role of telerehabilitation is valued, and future programmes should acknowledge patient preferences including a hybrid model of care, exercise and educational content, social interaction, and synchronous components. Key messages • Patients value the role of telerehabilitation in the future as an adjunct to traditional in-person rehabilitation, not as a replacement. • The acceptability of a generic telerehabilitation programme for a group of people with a range of chronic conditions remains unclear, and may differ between groups.

The patients' lived experiences with equitable nursing care.

Equitable care is a fundamental value in the nursing profession. Healthcare workers have both a moral and professional duty to ensure that they do not discriminate. This study aimed to explore how patients perceive equitable nursing care. This descriptive phenomenological qualitative research study used purposeful sampling to select 17 patients from various departments of a general hospital in southern Iran. The participants were then interviewed using a semi-structured in-depth interview format, which aimed to delve into their experiences with equitable nursing care. The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method and MAXQDA20 software. Oral and written information about the study was provided before the participants gave their written consent. The transcribed interviews were de-identified. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. The data analysis of the study identified three main themes and six subthemes that were related to the experiences of patients with equitable nursing care. The first theme, equitable care, encompassed subthemes such as nurses' dedicated efforts to facilitate patient recovery and adherence to ethical behavior. The second theme, unconscious causes of inequitable nursing care, included subthemes such as unintentional discrimination stemming from organizational constraints and unconscious biases resulting from a lack of knowledge and skills. The third theme, discriminatory care, comprised subthemes such as deliberate discrimination based on personal traits and selective discrimination. The study findings indicate that achieving equitable nursing care requires a multifaceted approach. This includes effective hospital management, organizational reforms, and regulatory enhancements. Additionally, it is crucial to pay close attention to the needs of patients, enhance nurses' theoretical and practical skills in providing equitable care, fostering a culture of equality within healthcare settings, and consider the personality dimensions and moral characteristics of nurses.

Prioritisation in municipal service delivery management: An exploratory qualitative research study in Turkish municipalities

AbstractThis study attempts to understand to what extent the actual priority setting in the municipalities of Türkiye as a developing country aligns with idealised rational models based on theoretical principles and successful cases in developed countries. For that purpose, the study examines the cases of priority‐setting process of service provision in Turkish municipalities through an exploratory qualitative research method involving focus group meetings with the representatives of 30 municipalities and field observation in two municipalities. The findings reveal key aspects of the prioritisation process, including approaches taken by the municipalities, citizen and stakeholder engagement, the role of managers, criteria used for the assessment of alternatives, and evaluation methods. The analysis identifies two distinct patterns, that is the idealised rationalist versus pragmatic, in all the key aspects examined. These findings contribute to a better understanding of what aspects of idealised rationalist and pragmatical decision‐making processes are distinct from each other, and to a more comprehensive international perspective in public organisations, especially in which top manager such as the mayor is elected into office in developing countries. The study cautions against uncritical acceptance of oversimplified rationalistic as well as universalistic assumptions behind priority‐setting models and advocates for a more substantiated and contextualised understanding of decision‐making processes.Points for practitioners Adopting a priority‐setting approach (technique, method, or criteria) necessitates considering the unique conditions and challenges of one's organisation and the local context. It is imperative to blend theoretical principles with practical realities to achieve optimal decision‐making and superior outcomes. Priority setting in public organisations of developing countries diverges from idealised rational models used in developed countries due to contextual factors like culture and limited resources. Policy advisors from international organisations and developed countries should endorse knowledge and experience sharing that acknowledges both ideal and practical realities. Concurrently, practitioners in developing countries must critically assess the applicability of advised models to their specific context before adoption. If the mayor takes a dominant role in the priority setting that outweighs institutional strategies and priorities, effective prioritisation among alternatives may be hindered. To rebalance power, it is crucial to foster an organisational culture that embraces participative decision‐making and professionalism and implements mechanisms such as auditing, transparency, and accountability.