Qualitative Adjectives Research Articles

Типология линериализации прилагательных (на материале английского и кабардино-черкесского языков)

The article discusses the linerialization of adjectives in a typological aspect. The approach to the arrangement of adjectives in multi-system languages is not accidental. The study tests the hypoth-esis that native speakers, regardless of linguistic orientation, trigger the same or similar thought processes at the cognitive level. Examples from English and Kabardino-Circassian languages are chosen as contrasting ones. The issues raised in the paper are of interest both from a practical and theoretical point of view. For example, it is known what difficulties linguists have to face inter-preting nouns used in the definition function, which affects the work of lexicographers and teach-ers engaged in educational activities. The researchers determined during the research that the Eng-lish language has a unified position regarding how the hierarchy of prepositive adjectives in syn-tagmatics is built. An analysis of examples from the Kabardino-Circassian language shows that their attribution influences the distribution of adjectives to different classes – relative or qualita-tive. Relative adjectives are located to the left of the vertex word (preposition), and qualitative adjectives are located to the right (postposition). In general, the idea is confirmed that the lineari-zation of adjectives is universal, while preserving a certain specificity for each language.

Disorders of word formation in adolescents under operation for congenital heart defects

Literary data on the speech status of children with congenital heart defects are presented. The results of a study of word-formation function in adolescents after radial correction of septal congenital heart defects are described. Purpose. To assess the speech status of adolescents operated on for congenital heart defects using the example of word formation. Material and methods. A prospective study of the word-formation function of 37 adolescents in the early postoperative period after radical correction of septal heart defects under artificial circulation was conducted at the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases. Results. The most difficult task was the formation of diminutive nouns. The respondents completed this task with a score of 55.31 %. Teenagers coped better with tasks on the formation of different categories of adjectives. Score of the task of forming relative adjectives — 60.54 %. The children coped with the task of forming possessive adjectives even more successfully — by 63.24 %. The respondents were most successful in completing the task of forming qualitative adjectives — by 81.44 %. Conclusion. Despite successful cardiac surgery, patients require interdisciplinary monitoring in the postoperative period.

Denominal -ed Adjectives and Their Adjectival Status in English Morphology

In the study of English denominal adjectives, scholarly attention has predominantly centred on those with Latinate suffixes (e.g., -al, -ary, and -ic/-ical), which are well-known as relational adjectives (RAdjs) and are extensively scrutinised in the existing literature. Conversely, those with English native suffixes (e.g., -en, -ern, -y, and -ed) have not undergone thorough examination to date. In the present study, I delve specifically into denominal adjectives with the suffix -ed (-ed Adjs), such as bearded, long-tailed, and shirt-sleeved. I present a novel basic picture of these adjectives, setting forth the following two central propositions: (i) -ed Adjs are a type of RAdj and (ii) undergo conversion to qualitative adjectives (QAdjs) (e.g., bearded man vs. bearded rock) akin to the better-known Latinate RAdjs (e.g., grammatical error vs. grammatical sentence). The analysis is conducted by examining suffixal etymology (i.e., Latinate or Germanic), suffixal properties (i.e., all-purpose or dedicated), and the driving factor for QAdj-forming conversion (i.e., the modal attribute true). These propositions and analyses collectively enrich our comprehensive understanding of the semantic and morphosyntactic properties of -ed Adjs within the realm of English morphology.

PREDICATIVE ADVERBS : PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS

The article characterizes the problematic aspects regarding the definition of status in modern Ukrainian linguistics, the semantic properties of invariable morphological units, correlative with qualitatively descriptive adverbs and motivated by qualitative adjectives, as well as those that are frozen nominative word forms that, under certain contextual conditions, are used to reproduce emotionally -willful or physical state of a person, the state of the environment, and in a one-syllable sentence perform a predicative function. Emphasis is placed on the large number of terminological definitions of this group of lexemes and the main criteria on which they are based, which causes difficulties in the linguistic and linguistic didactic fields. It is outlined that qualitatively descriptive and predicative adverbs are in homonymous relations with each other, since in different syntactic functions they implement the sentence and semantics characteristic of these members. The defining features of predicative adverbs in the modern Ukrainian literary language are formulated and their functional semantic properties.

Actualization of Evaluativity as a Qualitative Category in the Discourse of English Internet Film Review

Introduction. The article presents the results of the analysis aimed at identifying actualization methods of evaluativity as a qualitative category within the frames of the evaluative subgenres of expert and professional film reviews. The author assumes that evaluativity serves as a method of explicating subject's attitude towards the content of the film. The relevance of the study is determined by a lack of research dedicated to the analysis of the methods expressing author’s position within the evaluative genre of internet film review. The interconnection of evaluativity category, subject factor and modus as a method of explicating subjective meanings of the statement are analyzed.Methodology and sources. The methodology of the research is based on the classification of evaluative meanings developed by N. Arutyunova. The research methodology includes PoS tagging of the texts, identification of evaluative units including qualitative adjectives and adverbs, as well as description and comparison of leading evaluation types that actualize author's position. The methodology was studied using the example of a text corpora consisting of expert and professional film reviews extracted from the web archive of the journal of Film Criticism and the website metacritic.com.Results and discussion. With the implementation of PoS tagging and quantitative method of analysis leading evaluation categories within the corpora of the professional and expert film reviews were described and compared. The results have shown that the leading type of evaluation within the frames of the referred evaluative subgenres is represented by the emotional evaluation category. The results have also indicated that the leading evaluation types of expert evaluative discourse include prescriptive and ethical evaluation, whereas professional evaluative discourse is characterized by the prevalence of generalized evaluative units.Conclusion. The analysis allowed the author to conclude that the referred genres are characterized mainly by increased expressivity and emotiveness. However, author’s position actualization in the discourse of expert film review implicates detailed analysis of structural contents of the presented norms, as well as content of the film, whereas the discourse of professional film review is characterized by increased generalization tendency, which implicates low degree of authors’ competency.

ON THE SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIATION OF COMMON-ROOT DENOMINAL ADJECTIVES IN PROFESSIONAL TEXTS

The article examines the trends of using common-root denominal adjectives with the suffixes ‑н‑ and ‑ов‑/‑ев‑ both in general and professional texts, which are necessary to form two-word terms and general phrases based on the model < denominal adjective> + <noun 1>, where the denominal adjective expresses the permanent characteristic of the first material object, named by noun 1, which is related with the second material object. The theoretical basis of this study was the works of leading Ukrainian linguists Ivan Kunets, Halyna Shherbatiuk, Arnold Hryshchenko, and Kateryna Horodenska, which considered the historical evolution of Ukrainian denominal adjectives with the suffixes ‑н‑ and ‑ов‑/‑ев‑and in language for general purpose the parallel functioning of adjectives with these suffixes formed from the same noun stem. It has been established that the suffix ‑н‑, whose primary meaning was that of general neutral relativity, in modern Ukrainian has become a multifunctional suffix allowing to form both relative and qualitative adjectives from noun stems, and the suffix ‑ов‑/‑ев‑, which by its origin was suffix of possessive adjectives, transformed into a suffix of relative adjectives. Hence the modern Ukrainian has numerous examples of parallel forms that have a common derivative noun stem and differ in the meaning due to the difference in suffixes: adjectives with the suffix ‑н‑ express qualitative meanings, both direct and figurative, and adjectives with the suffix ‑ов‑/‑ев‑ – the meanings of general relativity and material origin. Such diversity of the Ukrainian language makes it possible to specify the meaning with the adjective form itself, which is necessary for professional texts, although it is often useful for general texts as well. The semantic differentiation of two pairs of adjectives: сонячний and сонцевий, хмарний and хмаровий, which are very important for professional texts, is considered, and the practicability of the proposed approach is shown. The tables provide a collection of terms and two-word phrases clearly showing when to use a relative adjective with the suffix ‑ов‑/‑ев‑, and when to use a qualitative adjective with the suffix -н-. This refutes the statement that the proposed differentiation makes it much more difficult to learn and use the terminology.

EPITHETIC OBJECTIVATION OF THE ETHNO-CULTURAL CODES

The understanding of the world and its interpretation are vividly reflected by the people with the help of tropes. The identification of ethnocultural parameters in tropes, particularly in epithets, is an important aspect of anthropocentric studies. The trope system clearly represents the peculiarity of the linguistic thinking of an ethnos. The research is aimed at identifying the connotative nature of epithets, their ethno-cultural semantics and their characteristics as an indicator of the ethno-cultural code. The purpose of the article is to correlate folklore epithets with ethnocultural codes of Ukrainians. To achieve this, the following tasks were solved: 1) epithet phrases were detected; 2) epithets within the tropes of the axis of pseudo-identity were analyzed; 3) ethnocultural parameters of epithets in love songs are defined. The object of the research is the artistic speech of family and household lyrics, the subject is the peculiarities of reflecting ethnocultural ideas using the epithet system. The collection “Ukrainian folk songs: family and household lyrics” served as the source base. Usual-associative epithets as permanent epithets of the folklore text represent various ethno-cultural codes of the Ukrainian people recorded in love songs. Such songs are different in subject matter, as they describe girlish beauty, dating, faithful love, jealousy, betrayal, separation, unfaithful love, quarrels, etc. The semantic arsenal of epithets in these songs is insignificant, adjectives with the meaning of color prevail. The spectrum of epithets is quite diverse in form, since different forms of adjectives function within the studied compounds. Epithets acquire a positive connotation due to word-forming affixes that add shades of caressing, gentleness, compassion, solemnity, etc. In the collected and analyzed material, anthropic, floristic, faunonymous and artifactual codes are implemented, based on the epithet as a trope of the axis of pseudo-identity. Anthropic ethno-cultural code is embodied most widely, it covers ideas about girls and boys, formed with the help of coloristic epithets expressed by qualitative adjectives. To a lesser extent, they are in demand in the reproduction of floristic, faunal and artifactual ethnocultural codes.

The Origins of the Category of prichastodetie (Gerundivum) in the Slavonic Grammar of Meletius Smotritsky (1619–1648)

This paper aims to determine the status of the category of “prichastodetie” (Gerundivum) proposed by M. Smotritsky in his “Slavonic Grammar” relying on both the data of the history of linguistic theories and the data of the historical grammar of the Russian literary language. For this purpose, the grammars and the elements of their content which served as sources of Smotritsky's Grammar are identified, the real linguistic basis of the description of the Slavonic “gerundives” is determined; the most acceptable hypothesis of the formation of the complex simplified suffix -tel’n- is developed; the formation of verbal derivatives in -tel’n- is shown. Of the three types of meaning of the formations with the suffix -teln, identified by V. V. Vinogradov, in texts the most productive is not the passive, but the active type of meaning, the relative type retains better than the others close links with the verb and prevents the passage of Slavonic “gerundives” to the rank of qualitative adjectives. Lexicography describes lexicalized cases and obscures the primary meaning of the prichastodeties, which coincides with the meaning of the verb from which they are derived. Genetically, the initial morphological form of the prichastodetie is the form in -tel’no, from which the pronominal forms of the prichastodetie are formed, capable of passing into qualitative adjectives in -tel’nyi, and it itself gravitates towards the category of state and the attributive adverb, but does not merge with it as long as it continues to express a secondary verb action. The growth of prichastodeties occurs since the 14th century to our time, first in church texts and translations, then in original secular texts. Best of all the prichastodetie is represented in the “Hellenic-Slavonic” style. Smotritsky can rightfully be called the main figure in the prehistory of the discovery of the category of state in the twentieth century.

Dialogicity of Texts Representing Book Publishing Internet Discourse (on the Example of a Russian Publishing Group “Azbuka-Attikus”)

The article is devoted to the description and analysis of the peculiarities of book publishing internet-discourse from the perspective of its dialogicity. The problem touched upon in the article is relevant due to the significant role of the book in social and cultural life. The study is integrated into the sphere of internet-linguistics and analysis of institutional discourses in the framework of modern anthropocentric paradigm. The complexity of the book publishing discourse, that lies in the fact that it interacts with different subjects in its communicative activity, proves the necessity of understanding not only the essence of institutional communication but also the linguistic manifestations of the participants’ interaction, whose roles may have impact on the form of the utterance. The work is aimed at analyzing linguistic means that serve as dialogicity markers in book publishing discourse on the example of an internet-site of a Russian publishing group “Azbuka-Attikus”. The result of target language means selection analysis is presented in an overview on the realization of dialogic features in the discursive space of one of the major Russian publishing groups’ internet site. The data analysis is divided into three parts. The first part gives a general view on the main sections of the site and studies some recurrent means of establishing dialogue. The second part gives a detailed analysis of 16 book collection descriptions, The third part is devoted to the study of dialogue means used in three texts that represent the genre of publisher’s paratext known as “blurb” or “synopsis”. The research identified the most conspicuous markers of dialogicity. Among them there are pronouns of 1 and 2 person, several types of interrogative sentences, qualitative adjectives in positive and superlative degree forms, imperative constructions. Above all, we created a scheme that shows the process of communication between the participants of book spreading process in which their implicit dialogue is realized.

Lexical-Grammatical Categories of Adjectives in the Modern Crimean Tatar Language

The matter under research is lexical-grammatical categories of adjectives in the modern Crimean Tatar language. Asanova anayzes researches that offer different classification features that can be used to determine lexical-grammatical categories. She discovers that in modern Crimean Tatar qualitative and relative adjectives do not constitute independent grammatical categories. Morphological, syntactic and structural criteria are important for differentiation between relative and qualitative adjectives, however, these criteria only reflect the main semantic features of lexical-grammatical categories. The methodological framework of the research includes researches of V. Vinogradov, E. Wolf, A. Memetov and other scientists. In the course of writing her article the author has applied the method of description. She emphasizes that besides grammatical features, it is important to consider lexical-grammatical features in the course of differentiation between qualitative and relative adjectives. The author discovers that each adjective already has potential meaning of quality which is also a factor of transformation of relative adjectives into qualitative adjectives. 

Специфіка художньої концептуалізації добового часу в малій прозі М. Вінграновського

In modern Ukrainian linguistics, given its general anthropological orientation, cognitive research is quite productive, including in the field of literary text, which allows us to describe the linguistic means of its interpretation at the level of conceptual structures. The basic concepts in the categorization of the world include TIME. The purpose of the study is to outline the means of artistic conceptualization of daily time and their functional and semantic load in M. Vingranovskyi’s prose texts, to consider the artistic conceptualization of daily time in view of idiostylistic features of the writer’s language. In the discourse of M. Vingranovskyi’s short prose, artistic time is not reduced to the reproduction of the properties of physical time. M. Vingranovskyi’s model of time is deeply rooted in the mythopoetic picture of the world and passed through the prism of the narrator’s individual worldview. Lingual expression of the idea of time occurs through the realization of individual temporal values. Carriers of temporal semantics in the text are often nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives. In addition, we consider detailed contexts with temporal content. As research shows, M. Vingranovskyi mainly resorts to the reproduction of the cyclical nature of time. Accordingly, the images of parts of the day become important. The concepts DAY, NIGHT, MORNING, EVENING in the language of the analyzed works are verbalized with words of different parts of speech, which contain the appropriate temporal sema. The nominative fields that form their artistic and semantic content are quite branched. For each of the concepts, the nucleus consists of nouns that name the parts of the circadian cycle (morning, day, evening, night), the synopsis zone includes their synonyms (dawn, predawn, twilight), adverbs to denote the duration of the action (at night, nights, by day), the initial time limit (since morning, before dawn; since evening); verbs that convey the state of nature in accordance with the time of day (to dawn; to grow dark, to get dusky, to darken). The near periphery includes nouns and qualitative adjectives, which, combined with temporal names, convey the visual, sound, tactile, psychological characteristics of parts of the day. According to our observations, the leading method of conceptualizing the time of day – the image of the time, the stretching of time. The far periphery in the expression of the analyzed concepts is formed by individual authorial figurative contexts with the names of celestial bodies, natural, spatial realities, names of animals, actualized in landscape sketches. The metaphors of movement, color and burning are the most revealing for the associative figurative conceptualization of parts of the day. It is worth emphasizing that in the perception of the time of day value markers are placed by the narrator. The specificity of the artistic conceptualization of the time of day is due to the author’s idiosyncratic guidelines, the attraction to cinematography. Images of natural time convey the idea of cyclicity, the natural harmony of time, the experience of the value of every moment of human life. Their embodiment is due to the perspective of the narrator, his emotional state.

Adjectival definiteness marking in Lithuanian – one more puzzle piece: Qualitative adjectives that could but do not take definite forms

This data-driven paper adds to the broader discussion on adjectival definiteness marking and, more specifically, definiteness marking in Lithuanian by providing some insights into why a large group of qualitative adjectives that could, in principle, derive definite (long) forms rarely do so in practice. This group of adjectives is not homogenous but could be divided into a number of rather clearly defined sub-groups, based on semantic-pragmatic factors or on functions performed in the NP/sentence. It will be argued that the inability to establish a category (both taxonomic or ad hoc ), and hence to assume a morphological definiteness marker, occurs for two reasons: 1) a property denoted by the adjective does not meet the semantic-pragmatic requirements needed for the underlying category; 2) the adjective denotes not a property, but rather something else, e.g., quantification, possession, similarity, ordinal relations, specificity or similar.

Qualitative Adjectives in EFL Students’ Reflective Writing Essays

Qualitative adjectives are often used in expressive writing, including reflective writing. They express and (de)intensify feelings and emotions, thereby expressing stance. This study investigates the adjective profiles of 60 first-year EFL students’ reflective essays and compares male and female university students’ utilization of qualitative adjectives and those used as attitudinal stance markers. Data were collected from a reflective writing task after students participated in a seminar on effective listening. Analyses were conducted considering the General Service List (GSL), the Academic Word List (AWL), and words that do not appear in either of the preceding lists. The results indicated that qualitative adjectives accounted for 6% of the words in these reflective writing essays, and the male students used a greater number of adjectives than the female students. This difference, which was at a statistically significant level, likely stems from male students’ greater use of adjectives from the Academic Word Lists. The results also showed that 47.5% of the adjectives used in these essays were attitudinal. There was no statistically significant difference between the frequencies with which the male and the female students used these attitudinal adjectives. The results are discussed and recommendations are made to increase students’ effective use of adjectives in reflective writing.

A POET ON THE OTHER BANK: POETICS OF AFFECT IN THE PROSE BY BOHDAN IHOR ANTONYCH

The is the second paper of the two-part study examining the ‘unwritten novel’ “On the Other Bank” by Bohdan Ihor Antonych, a notable Western Ukrainian writer of the interwar period. Known primarily for his poetry, Antonych did not finish this novel-in-progress, leaving behind only draft notes, that offer a glimpse into the very process of his writing. Analyzed from the perspective of genetic criticism, Antonych’s manuscripts are treated as an avant-text, demonstrating a ‘scenario of writing’ in the transition from the novel of action to the novel of state. In contrast to his image-based poetry Antonych’s prose rests on the technique of description. Depicting nature or the urban environment, the author conveys a certain emotional and psychological condition. Paying special attention to qualitative adjectives, he appeals to the sensory experience of the reader. Despite the fact that the plan of the novel indicates the main events of the plot, the author mainly captures the emotions of the characters. Dialogues also play an unusual role in the text, as their function is expressive rather than a communicative one. Since the dynamics of the text is based on emotional and psychological movement, and not on the sequence of events or judgments, it is considered to be an example of affective poetics in Ukrainian modern literature. Affect appears in Antonych’s text as force and tension. It shapes the human personality and at the same time challenges it. Affect goes beyond discursiveness and captures the body; its intensity is expressed through the voice and speed. Antonych’s characters share a common transpersonal experience in their childhood and a common object of desire after becoming adults. Moreover, the transfer of emotions into the sphere of interpersonal relations gives the affect not only a psychological but also an ethical dimension. Analyzing Antonych’s manuscript, the author of the paper focuses on the dynamics of writing, not on the one of the plot, and finds grounds for conclusions about the affective nature of Antonych’s prose. It is evident that in the ‘unwritten novel’ “On the Other Bank” Antonych depicts the modernist type of literary character as homo sentiens, who perceives the world in a subtle way and experiences it deeply.

Algorithmic approach to the study of morphological norms of adjectives in the 6th form. Part 2. Norms of the formation of grammatical forms of qualitative adjectives

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A poet on the other bank: processual writing in the prose by Bohdan Ihor Antonych

The study examines the ‘unwritten novel’ “On the Other Bank” by Bohdan Ihor Antonych, a notable Western Ukrainian writer of the interwar period. Known primarily for his poetry, Antonych did not finish this novel-in-progress, leaving behind only draft notes, which offer a glimpse into the very process of his writing. Analyzed from the perspective of genetic criticism, Antonych’s manuscripts are treated as an avant-text, demonstrating a ‘scenario of writing’ in the transition from the novel of action to the novel of state.
 In contrast to his image-based poetry, Antonych’s prose is based on the technique of description. Depicting nature or the urban environment, the author conveys a certain emotional and psychological condition; and paying special attention to qualitative adjectives, he appeals to the sensory experience of the reader. Despite the fact that the plan of the novel indicates the main events of the plot, the author mainly captures the emotions of the characters. Dialogues also play an unusual role in the text as their function is an expressive rather than a communicative one.
 Since the dynamics of the text are based on emotional and psychological movement, and not on the succession of events or judgments, it is considered to be an example of affective poetics in Ukrainian modern literature. The affect appears in Antonych’s text as a force and tension. It shapes the human personality and at the same time challenges it. The affect goes beyond discursiveness and captures the body while its intensity is expressed through the voice and speed. Antonych’s characters share a common transpersonal experience in their childhood and a common object of desire after becoming adults. Moreover, the transfer of emotions into the sphere of interpersonal relations gives to the affect not only a psychological but also an ethical dimension.
 The researcher analyzes Antonych’s manuscript focusing on the dynamics of writing and not on the dynamics of the plot, and this approach gives reason for the conclusion about the affective nature of Antonych’s prose. It is evident that in the ‘unwritten novel’ “On the Other Bank” Antonych depicts the modernist type of literary character as ‘homo sentiens’, who perceives the world in a subtle way and experiences it deeply.

Algorithmic approach to the study of morphological norms of adjectives in the 6th grade. Part 1. Grammatical characteristics of adjectives and norms of using short and full forms

The paper is aimed at considering the most complex morphological norms of adjectives and establishing algorithms for their training in terms of grammar and spelling. The study was focused on the morphological norms of degrees of comparison, full and short forms of qualitative adjectives, regulatory restrictions in the formation of some groups of adjectives. It is proposed that students should structure grammar and spelling material in the form of tables and algorithms during lessons, which enhances intensive assimilation of the educational material. The study shows that individual compilation of algorithms promotes a deeper and stronger assimilation of the morphological norms of adjectives, since a differentiated and individual approach to the organisation of this work activates students’ cognitive competencies and their ability to consciously apply the gained knowledge of morphological norms in speech practice.

The development of Ukrainian qualitative adjectives semantic paradigm

The development of Ukrainian qualitative adjectives semantic paradigm

Стилістична роль демінутивної лексики у романі Д. Гнатко «Душа окаянна»

The article examines the diminutive vocabulary of the modern women’s novel “The Impious Soul” by D. Hnatko. The stylistic role of diminutives is considered, their lexical and semantic groups, morphological affiliation, as well as the most productive ways of creation are determined. It has been found that diminutives add lyricism to the narrative, set the reader up for sincerity, and enhance the emotionality of the narrative. Among the units of linguistics that reveal the mental characteristics of Ukrainians, diminutives are also mentioned, because their use is a reproduction of one of the character traits of Ukrainians – emotionality. The author’s positive attitude to certain characters is reflected in speech by the use of diminutive vocabulary – derived nouns, adjectives, adverbs which express the meaning of diminutiveness and affection. There are 9 lexical-semantic groups of nouns with the meaning of diminutiveness in the work. They are different in meaning, but play one role – show the author’s positive attitude towards the characters and bring the style of the story closer to folk creation. The use of adjectives actualizes the reader’s attention to the peculiarities of the shape and size of the object; colour characteristics of the object, which allow to achieve accuracy, rich in the reproduction of artistic details. In general, adjective-diminutives play the role of epithets, which are used with nouns. The use of such adjectives gives the story emotionality, friendliness, positivity. With their help the author expresses sympathy and condolence to the characters of the story. The research allowed to reveal the use of emotionally coloured adverbs in the novel, which give the depicted situation additional meaning of kindness, affection, joy or dissatisfaction. It seems important to identify the most productive way of creating diminutives. As the examples show, this method is a suffixation. The most used suffix in the text is -onk- / -enk-. As we can see, this suffix mainly joins the basis of feminine nouns, and also functions in stems of qualitative adjectives and circumstantial adverbs. The analysis of the diminutives in the historical novel “The Impious Soul” by D. Hnatko has led to the following conclusions: - the writer often uses diminutives because they help to express her positive attitude, sympathy for the characters of the story and depicted objects; - the use of diminutives contributes to the emotionality of the work, as the main storyline is the image of a difficult female fate.

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Article deals with the changes of the meanings of the post nominal adjectives in the process of transformation in the modern English language. On the basis of the linguoculturological approach and the method of linguistic analysis, the characteristic features of the change in the meanings of post-nominative adjectives in the English language have been revealed. In the English language the adjectives can perform the function of predicative. For the semantics of the adjectives which have the predicative function, these adjectives are characterized by inner qualitative diversity. Mainly, qualitative adjectives refer to classical predication and denote the feature of the object directly. Such adjectives have more features of predication. The predicative sign of the adjective, the presence of a connotation of subjective assessment determines its semantics and use. There are differences between the constructions used in the predicate function in phrases that perform the function of the subject and in the altered form of word phrases related attributively and predicatively. The predicative relation is the immunest form of syntactic connection and in predicative connectives the structural restriction in comparison with attributive constructions is extremely limited. Adjectives as predicative words do not have denotation and reference, they have no denoter, there is a signification. Basing on their indicative characteristics, it is possible to present all the possible semantic features. For the English language it is characteristic the use of the attribute before the defined word. The development from a special sign of thought to a general concept is characteristic for the whole structure of the English language; it is even possible to observe it in word formation. In most cases, taking into account the use of the adjective in the function of an attribute, the terms like postpositional (post nominal) and prepositional (prenominal) adjectives are used. The reasons for the change in the position of adjectives should be sought not always in the nature of the adjective, but in the degree to which it determines its referent. The semes that make up the meaning of the word are at different levels and are more or less stable. In adjectives, the nuclear seme, or subseme, is always found next to the differential seme. In other words, the adjective cannot be combined with nouns in all semantic groups. When an adjective is combined with a noun, a background is formed that allows or prevents the actualization of a particular seme. This causes the activation of a specific seme associated with the semantics of the given name in combination with the given name. Such semes are reflected in the join semantics. The opposite can also be said. The adjective itself chooses the noun for word formation. After all, the same adjective behaves differently in relation to transformation into different attributive complexes. In our opinion, adjectives act as an important restrictive informative element at the content level.