Qing Research Articles

Study on the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and influencing factors of cultural heritage: a case study of Fujian Province

The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of cultural heritage reveal the trajectory of human activity changes, and a deep analysis of its natural and cultural factors holds significant reference value for the overall conservation and management of cultural heritages. This study focuses on the cultural heritage at the provincial level and above in Fujian, utilizing GIS spatial analysis to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of cultural heritages and their natural and human influencing factors. The research findings are as follows: (1) The distribution of cultural heritage in Fujian exhibits a clustering pattern, with dense areas transitioning from the upstream regions of the prehistoric and pre-Qin periods to the eastern coastal areas gradually. (2) The Ming and Qing dynasties have the highest number of cultural heritages, with the type of heritage transitioning from ancient sites in the early periods to ancient architecture, and in modern times, mainly important historical sites and representative architectural heritages. (3) The overall centroid coordinates of cultural heritage reveal a shift from the northern part of Fujian to the eastern and southern parts. (4) Natural factors significantly influence the distribution of cultural heritage, with a higher concentration in plain and hilly areas, on slight slopes with gradients between 0.5° and 2.0°, and on the southern and southeastern slopes, especially within a 1-kilometer radius of rivers. (5) The creation of cultural heritage during historical periods is closely linked to the regional history, culture, political, and economic environments. The positive development of these socio-cultural factors has a promotional effect on the quantity of cultural heritage. This study demonstrates the utility and applicability of GIS spatial analysis techniques in cultural heritage research, providing a methodological framework that can be adapted and applied internationally. The findings offer insightful data that can inform targeted conservation and development strategies for cultural heritage, ensuring their effective preservation and sustainable management across different regions.

Variational Translation Phenomenon of Six Chapters of A Floating Life

The Variational Translation theory was summarized and proposed by Huang Zhonglian, a Chinese translator and scholar, from his many years of translation practice and research. There are altogether seven flexible means: omission, editing, narration, condensation, combination, modification and addition. Six Chapters of A Floating Life by Shen Fu of the Qing Dynasty was beautifully written and deeply loved by Lin Yutang. To better promote Chinese culture to the world, Lin translated this novel, and its English version was highly praised abroad. Based on the Variational Translation theory and combined with examples, this paper discusses in detail the specific manifestations of the translation variation strategies such as omission, editing, narration, modification and addition in the English version of Six Chapters of A Floating Life. The ultimate goal is to enhance the guiding role of the Variational Translation theory in the English translation of Chinese novels.

The Saber of the Qing Empire: Peculiarities of Chronology and Morphology

The Saber of the Qing Empire: Peculiarities of Chronology and Morphology

The temporal and spatial changes in official facilities in Dali under the bureaucratization of native officers

ABSTRACT During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the bureaucratization of native officers led to a more systematic expansion of Chinese official facilities in frontier areas, resulting in large-scale changes in the local landscape. This expansion is a distinct chapter in the history of ancient urban construction. For the Dali region, where the central government took the lead during the Ming dynasty, this paper compares the construction history of defense, administration, rituals, and education in different periods and discusses changes of Chinese official facilities in the context of the bureaucratization of native officers. The results show the following: 1. The primary concern of the appointed officials was to establish cities and create safe and stable strongholds to demonstrate the authority of the center. 2. The official facilities of administration, sacrifice, and education are all around the official controlled road. In addition, they gradually extended to various areas to control Dali. 3. Through the building of administrative facilities to implement central control, sacrificial facilities to achieve ideological infiltration and educational facilities to implement basic education development, Dali gradually converged with the Central Plains. 4. The political strategy of the appointed officials toward Dali was as follows: build offices – schools -walls – temples.

Exploring the Element of Form Based on Traditional Chinese Auspicious Patterns

Chinese traditional auspicious patterns, which date back more than 5,000 years, are a vital component of national art and traditional culture. These patterns have special meanings and are often associated with good wishes and blessings. Their development reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This research on auspicious patterns focuses mainly on the creation method and classification, with few forms. It seeks to ascertain the features of the traditional auspicious pattern form in China. This study adopts qualitative analysis, specifically in analyzing patterns by observation. Based on Panofsky's theory of iconography, the study selected six common Chinese traditional auspicious patterns and analyzed them to determine their classification, layout, composition and elements. It can be concluded that their form is characterized by various elements, specifically figurative and complete, complex pattern formations, full layout designs, balanced or symmetrical compositions, and single or fit patterns. Thus, this study summarized the pattern form analysis model or the PFC-Model. By addressing this gap in knowledge, the study enhances understanding of auspicious patterns. At the same time, the pattern analysis model can be used to analyze similar patterns, which makes it easier to analyze other pattern forms and brings the study of traditional Chinese patterns to a new height. In the meantime, this research only studies the external form of auspicious patterns. In this regard, as form and color is the first layer of research mentioned in Panofsky's image theory, it needs to be more comprehensive. In the future, researchers can continue to explore its color characteristics and extend the research into the content of the first layer of the theories. Undoubtedly, researchers can also expand the analysis of auspicious patterns using the theory's second and third layers.

Spatio-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Buddhist Temples and Pagodas in the Liaoning Region, China

Buddhist culture in Liaoning has a long and rich history. The continuous spread of Buddhism has promoted the development of Buddhist architecture, leaving us a rich architectural art heritage. Furthermore, it has also profoundly influenced China’s architectural characteristics, social culture, and economic development. This paper takes Buddhist temples and pagodas in Liaoning as the research objects and uses methods such as the geographic concentration index, nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, and standard deviation ellipse to analyze their spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors across different periods. 1. Temporal distribution. During the Liao Dynasty (907–1125 AD) and the Qing Dynasty (1636–1912 AD), the construction of Buddhist temples and pagodas was the highest, with a linear increase in the Qing Dynasty. 2. The overall spatial distribution of Buddhist temples and pagodas in Liaoning is uneven, showing an agglomeration distribution state. The distribution status of different periods was different, and the Ming (1368–1644 AD) and Qing dynasties (1636–1912 AD) showed obvious aggregation distribution. The overall state is “more in the west and less in the east” and “more in the north and less in the south”. 3. In different periods, the spatial distribution direction of Buddhist temples and pagodas in Liaoning was relatively obvious and was southwest–northeast, and the center of gravity gradually shifted to the northwest. 4. The kernel density of different periods presents the density distribution and area of each period. The overall distribution is dense to scattered and then to highly dense. 5. The spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of Buddhist temples and pagodas in Liaoning are mainly composed of deep-seated political factors, rapid economic development and stable social environment, diverse culture, natural geography, cultural relics protection, and the artistic value of Buddhist architecture in the Liaoning region.

Spatial evolution and influencing factors of water-town settlements in Southern China: evidence from 942 villages in Zhongshan City

ABSTRACT Zhongshan, a city characterized by its profound historical heritage and distinctive rural civilization, has been consistently influenced by traditional agricultural practices throughout its history. This research conducts an in-depth exploration of Zhongshan’s unique rural spaces, systematically examining the evolutionary trends and determinants of Zhongshan’s water-town settlements across different historical epochs through the application of multidimensional spatial analysis techniques. The results indicate that these settlements exhibited cohesive spatial distribution characteristics across five historical periods. Notably, there was a significant clustering effect during the Ming and Qing dynasties, while Before the Qing dynasty, the spatial distribution of the settlements presented a pattern with multiple core areas coexisting. After the Qing dynasty, the spatial layout of these principal core areas stabilized and gradually diffused to surrounding areas, forming a balanced and continuous distribution pattern. Throughout the study period, the spatial pattern of the water-town settlements exhibited characteristics of five primary core areas and several secondary core areas. Concurrently, the centroid of the water-town settlements consistently shifted southeastward. When examining the intensity of influence on spatial evolution, the study found that socio-economic (q = 0.345) and accessibility factors (q = 0.356) exert a greater impact on the spatial distribution of rural settlements than do natural environmental factors (q = 0.136). However, the interaction between natural environmental factors and socio-economic and accessibility factors provides greater explanatory power than the interactions within natural factors alone. This suggests that in a specific socio-economic context, the impact of the natural environment on water-town settlements is enhanced. Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrates that the rural population, regional economic status, proximity to urban centers, and the distribution of water bodies positively influence the spatial evolution of water-town settlements.

Design and Development from the Qing Dynasty Armchair Inspired for Modern Home Decoration Business

Background and Aims: Chinese traditional culture is extensive and profound, among which the Qing Dynasty culture has a more profound influence on modern home decoration. The Qing Dynasty was a period of rapid development of Chinese furniture culture, and many representative works appeared in the history of furniture. In these works, the chair of the Qing Dynasty has a unique style, unique design, atmospheric beauty, and simple beauty. Thus, this paper aims (1) to define and characterize the Qing Dynasty Armchair. (2) to study 5 well-known brands of new Chinese-style chairs in the market. And (3) to develop and design new Chinese chairs based on the Qing Dynasty style. Methodology: Three new Chinese chairs that skillfully combine tradition and innovation are the result of the research process, which carefully combined cultural heritage with modern design trends. The final designs were confirmed to be in line with modern consumers' preferences for distinctive shapes, eco-friendly materials, and functional versatility through surveys and expert interviews. This strategy emphasizes how important it is to respect cultural heritage while satisfying the changing needs of the modern furniture market. Results: Nowadays, the progress of modern home improvement enterprises has brought new changes to people's needs, so the design of the chair must also change. The main consumers of the modern home improvement market are young customers, so it is important to meet their needs. We should make some chairs that conform to the trend of The Times and have Chinese characteristics. To sum up, the author thinks that this research should develop and design a new Chinese chair based on the Qing Dynasty style. Through the questionnaire survey of 30 people and the interview of 3 people, we understand the consumers' evaluation and expectations of the existing 3 new Chinese chair design cases and then improve the chair cases to determine the final design innovation scheme. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for contemporary home improvement companies to modify chair designs while preserving Chinese cultural elements to satisfy the changing demands of younger consumers. The study emphasizes the significance of creating new Chinese chairs with Qing Dynasty design inspirations and incorporating customer and expert interview feedback to improve designs that meet modern trends and expectations.

Ethnic conflicts and their relationship with temperature change in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its vicinity during the past 2000 years

In the context of global warming, the study of climate change and its impacts has garnered significant attention. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with its unique natural environment and socio-cultural significance, plays a crucial role in climate change and the development of the Chinese nation. Investigating the historical interactions, development, and socio-climatic background of the nomadic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and agricultural ethnic groups in eastern China contributes to understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of how climate change affects the social interconnectivity of different ethnic groups. This paper is founded on an analysis of 450 conflict events between these groups, as reflected in ancient Chinese war chronicles and ethnic relations annals, creating a decadal conflict sequence from the Eastern Han to the Qing Dynasty (25AD-1910AD). The study conducts a correlation analysis and phase-wise statistical comparison between the climate research findings and the ethnic conflict sequence, specifically examining their relationship with temperature. The main findings are: (1) From the Eastern Han to the Qing Dynasty, a total of 876 conflicts occurred between the ethnic groups in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its vicinity (averaging 4.6 conflicts per decade), with 62.1% initiated by the Ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and 66.6% won by the Ethnic groups in eastern China; (2) The frequency of conflicts is primarily correlated with temperatures in the Eastern region, with a less distinct correlation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. During overall warmer periods, conflict incidents were more frequent, with a higher proportion initiated by the Ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Conversely, in colder periods, there were fewer conflicts, with an increased proportion initiated by the Ethnic groups in eastern China; (3) Unlike conflicts between the Ethnic groups in northwestern and eastern China, the Ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's external expansion was not a primary objective, indicating that the conflicts were mainly driven by regional economic strength and land productivity. The temperature can reduce land productivity by limiting the growth potential of crops and livestock or by reducing the advance to restrict their production. As a result, water resources, as a condition of land productivity variation, and climate became significant backgrounds for ethnic interactions.

前近代中国(1733-1840)省级大书院的繁荣、 困境与突破 - 以⻄方大学为参照

Since its commencement in the Tang Dynasty, Seowon of China had made popular advancement outcome in the Qing Dynasty after going though unyielding development in history of Song Dynasty, Won Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. King Sejong in the 51st year of Qing Dynasty’s Ongjeong (17 33) decreed to establish Seonghoe Seowon in each province in a way of supporting the development with financial resources. In the reigns of Geonryung (1736-1796), the Qing Dynasty established the multi-level Seowon systems officially in province, Do, Bu, Ju, Hyeon and Hyangchon as well as the clans. Among them, those provincial-level was the highest position and these Seowons was modified as the Daehakdang (grand academic facility) at the end of the Qing Dynasty as the previous universities established in modern China. As such, those provincial-level Seowon of China had conspicuous advancement from the previous modern era, but due to a number of factors, it could not advance into the modernized higher education organization. Compared to the western universities, the provincial level Seowon of the early modern China had sufficient financial and monetary funds, but did not secure sufficient and appropriate self-autonomous authorities. Because of this attribute, they could not make independent work decisions based on the objective demand for educational and academic advancement. Furthermore, the scholars invited to Seowon could not establish the academic community in administrative level, and most of them just followed the administrative measures manually devised from government authorities. As such, the government authorities at the time exercised the absolute control over the provincial-level Seowon, for example, they established the education regulations of Seowon with the past national examination system as the major point of implication, and at the same time, they involved in the evaluation programs of the applicable Seowon. Furthermore, it had the restrictions in the academic competence level for the head of Seowon. Therefore, in the event of those provincial Seowon that had secured substantial scale of funds, they continuously recruit the students to expand the scale while it continuously implemented the education on the past national examination. However, following the expansion of the recruitment scale of students, the expenses of Seowon tightened more and it caused the situation more difficult to invite scholars for even more specialized education. Therefore, regarding Seowon in the Qing Dynasty, the development concept of the measures implemented thereto promoted the dispersion of education, but at the same time, it could be deemed to interfere with the enhancement to the one-notch higher level for the education system. In between the time of Gagyeong (1796-1820) and Dogwang (1821-1850), Wanwon established Gogyeongjeongsa and Hakhaedang to develop a development model of another provincial-level Seowon. In particular, for the case of Hakhaedang, it did not have the ‘head’ but had 8 deans to take in charge of Seowon education while structured to manage the office affairs as well. Furthermore, the right to appoint the dean was not in the government authority but made through the nomination from the internal group of deans that it had the feature of academic community in its structural level. Because of this attribute, Hakhaedang could be considered to have the relative independence. The development model of Gogyeongjeongsa and Hakhaedang presented one of the directions with respect to the reform of Seowon in China at the end of the Qing Dynasty (1840-1911). However, under the influence of various shocking events inflicted from overseas, these institutions could not attain the opportunity to develop into ‘modernized’ or Chinese-style ‘university’ thereafter.

屠寄의 『蒙兀兒史記』 편찬과 전환기의 역사 인식

The Mengwuershiji(『蒙兀兒史記』) is a historiography written by Tu Ji, a bureaucrat and historian during the late Qing and early Republic of China. This book, a monumental work covering the history of the Mongol Empire, continues the trend of Yuanshi studies conducted during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Yuanshi(『元史』) had been criticized by scholars from its time to later periods for its errors and omissions. Consequently, from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, efforts to correct and supplement the Yuanshi were continually published. By the late Qing period, the confluence of the Qing's evidential scholarship tradition and the crisis at the frontier led to a flourishing of research that formed the academic stream known as 'Mongol-Yuan Studies.' Tu Ji wrote the Mengwuershiji in this context of ongoing scholarly critique and correction. However, the Mengwuershiji differs significantly in several aspects from earlier works written in the Ming and Qing dynasties that aimed to correct the Yuanshi. Tu Ji aimed to incorporate the Mongolian perspective in the Mengwuershiji. He also attempted to restore the historical narrative of the Mongol Empire. He supplemented the gaps found in the Yuanshi and its revised editions, which were written by Han Chinese historians, by including the early history of the Mongol tribes, the campaigns of Genghis Khan, and the genealogies and records of the various descendants of Genghis Khan who conquered Eurasia. Tu Ji meticulously detailed the origins of the Mongol tribes and the early history and achievements of Genghis Khan to thoroughly introduce the formation process of the Mongol Empire. Furthermore, he sought to reveal the scale and realities of the ruling group of the Mongols in detail. By elaborately describing the forces in Western Asia and the Mongol conquests, which were briefly covered in the 'History of Yuan,' he aimed to clarify the process of Mongol expansion across Eurasia and to attempt a restoration of the historical narrative of the Mongol Empire. Tu Ji's ability to approach the true nature of the Mongol Empire through the Mengwuershiji was made possible by the achievements of Mongol-Yuan studies that had been actively conducted since the 18th century and the Mongolian studies of Western academia. The individuals who introduced these studies were diplomats dispatched to Europe or students studying abroad. Notably, Hong Jun, who was dispatched as an ambassador to Russia, Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands, encountered Western research on Mongolian history and, based on this, wrote the Yuanshiyiwenzhengbu(『元史譯文証補』), which significantly influenced the structure and content of Tu Ji's Mengwuershiji. To understand this work, it is also necessary to understand the historical context of the time when the Mengwuershiji was compiled. In 1911, the Xinhai Revolution ultimately led to the fall of the Qing Empire, and Outer Mongolia, which was under the domain of the Qing Empire, declared its independence. Tu Ji began to devote himself to writing the history of the Mongol Empire during this transitional period of the fall of an empire and the birth of nation-states. In this regard, the Mengwuershiji reflects the historical awareness of the era's circumstances, including Tu Ji's personal encounter with the crisis of imperial collapse and the birth of a new nation.

Understanding the spatial pattern and structural characteristics of cities in late feudal China: evidence from the local chronicle maps of the qing dynasty (1644–1911)

ABSTRACT Our study analyzes the spatial pattern and structural characteristics of cities in late feudal China based on multiple correlation and geographic information system spatial analysis, using 58 local Chinese chronicle maps of Jiangsu in the Qing Dynasty as research material. The elements in the city map were dominated by the types of official buildings, transportation facilities, and religious buildings. The urban spatial pattern can be classified into four types, such as extraverted and introverted, with each type having an aggregated spatial distribution and a gradual introverted orientation in time. The urban spatial structure can also be divided into four types: traditional, axial, random, and composite. Spatial distribution of each type is relatively stable, with little change over time. The geographic environment and the traditional concept of city building are the basic reasons for the formation of the spatial pattern and structure. The flood disaster, commercial and military factors contribute to the diverse structures. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of quantifying the ancient Chinese chronicles’ city maps. The findings have important value for contemporary ancient city restoration and shaping urban characteristics.

The Publication and Historical Significance of Modern Chinese Medical Reports.

Unlike Western medical journals such as The Lancet which focused on Western-centric medical cases, Medical Reports analyzed medical and sanitary issues in East Asia, including China, Korea, and Japan and sought solutions to these problems. Medical Reports, a medical project initiated by the Chinese Maritime Customs Service (CMCS) in 1871, aimed to compile reference materials on the health conditions and diseases in ports. It was launched by the British Inspector General Robert Hart, who appointed the British Shanghai Customs Surgeon R. Alexander Jameson as the editor. Beginning in the 1860s, the British-led CMCS began expanding its reach from major cities to border areas, western regions, Taiwan Island, and Hainan Island, as well as territories beyond Qing Dynasty, such as Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Hong Kong, and Macau. This expansion required multinational cooperation, leading to the participation of Customs Surgeons, medical missionaries, and military doctors from ten countries, including the UK, the United States, France, China, Germany, Canada, Portugal, Norway, the Netherlands, and Australia, in the Medical Reports project. The Medical Reports were directly tied to the medical and sanitary initiatives in that community. They were authored by Customs Surgeons from a country with substantial regional influence. An analysis of the authors' nationalities, primary research focuses, and the relationship between the customs regions they covered revealed a statistically significant correlation. Even after Robert Koch discovered bacteria in the late nineteenth century, the miasma theory remained dominant, and most British doctors in India did not acknowledge the possibility that diseases could be caused by parasites. Despite this conservative historical context, the Medical Reports featured progressive research, including studies on leprosy based on germ theory and studies that actively embraced the emerging theory that parasites could be the cause of certain illnesses. In this process, the relatively unknown young physician named Patrick Manson, while working at the CMCS for 13 years, significantly advanced his medical knowledge by publishing numerous studies on filaria in the Medical Reports. His work led to the groundbreaking discovery that mosquitoes transmit infectious diseases. These research achievements pioneered the field of tropical medicine, a discipline that had not been established even in the extensive colonial holdings of France and Britain in tropical regions. Manson's work for the Medical Reports significantly advanced human efforts to prevent and respond to infectious diseases.

Medical Investigation into the Alleged Poisoning of Crown Prince Sohyeon: Who Killed Crown Prince Sohyeon?

Crown Prince Sohyeon (1612-1645) was the eldest son of King Injo, the 16th monarch of the Joseon Dynasty. Following the defeat in the Manchu Invasion of Korea (1636-1637), he was taken as a hostage to Qing China along with his younger brother, Prince Bongrim (later King Hyojong), and returned to Joseon after eight years in 1645. He died in the same year without ascending to the throne. Allegations of his poisoning emerged based on entries in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, leading to widespread acceptance of the poisoning theory and the creation of various cultural works. Although scholars of traditional Korean medicine have published papers suggesting a disease-related death, no thorough medical analysis has been conducted. This study aims to review historical documents to analyze the medical history of Crown Prince Sohyeon and ascertain his cause of death. The study found that Prince Sohyeon began experiencing respiratory, digestive, and urinary symptoms during his time as a hostage in Qing China. The symptoms included fever, cough, dyspnea, thick saliva, thirst, loss of taste, postprandial fatigue, abdominal pain, and dizziness, which persisted even after he returned to Joseon. He eventually succumbed to what appears to have been a respiratory illness characterized by persistent fever and dyspnea. Based on the documented symptoms, it is hypothesized that the cause of death was sepsis. However, given the chronic nature of the symptoms, an underlying autoimmune or metabolic disorder is also suspected as the primary cause, although this cannot be confirmed from the available historical records.

Meetings with Joseon Envoys during the Kangxi Era of the Qing Dynasty : New Year’s Day Ceremonies, New Year’s Day Banquets, Regular Court Audiences, and Summonings

Meetings with Joseon Envoys during the Kangxi Era of the Qing Dynasty : New Year’s Day Ceremonies, New Year’s Day Banquets, Regular Court Audiences, and Summonings

Application Development of Baihui (GV20) Moxibustion in Ancient China: a Data Analysis Study Based on Ancient Books.

We compile and analyze ancient literature related to Baihui (GV20) moxibustion and summarize the development of its ancient clinical application. The Chinese Medical Classic (5th edition) was used as the search source to screen and organize articles related to Baihui moxibustion to establish a database. We created indexing norms according to study characteristics and indexed books, dynasties, literary styles, disease key words, matching acupoints, combinations, moxibustion amounts, and moxa cone sizes. SPSS version 24.0 software was used to calculate the index results. A total of 320 articles that met the requirements were finally included and were attributed to 99 ancient books, spanning from the Western Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. A total of 45 keywords were used for disease evidence: the most frequent occurrences were internal medicine (primary category), limb meridians (secondary category), and head diseases (specific patterns). Baihui moxibustion has been updated and developed in the literature over the ages, and the method of Baihui moxibustion is diverse. The main treatment rule of Baihui moxibustion considers the whole body and close treatment of partial diseases. Baihui moxibustion also has the rule of following meridian indications, with treatment based on syndrome differentiation and compatible application. Baihui moxibustion alone has a relatively strong effect of raising yang and lifting the sunken, which can treat the sinking of qi and deficiency.

Understanding of the Qing Dynasty’s Munmyo System in 1761 by the Joseon envoys

Understanding of the Qing Dynasty’s Munmyo System in 1761 by the Joseon envoys

Research on the regenerative design and practice of the residential architecture atlases in Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing dynasties: a case study of the Mingyue Bay village in Suzhou

ABSTRACT The residential architecture atlases, chronicling the design motifs and craftsmanship of residences in Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing dynasties, serves as a cornerstone in deciphering the cultural metamorphosis and unearthing the subtle architectural essence specific to the region. With the advent of modern digital paradigms, this atlas has undergone a regeneration, evolving into a digital, real-time, and interactive embodiment of architectural lore. This study delves into the contents and characteristics of traditional and informational architectural atlases in Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It includes detailed surveys and mappings of the Mingyue Bay village in Suzhou, focusing on its geographic location, historical culture, and residential architectures. Utilizing AutoCAD and Photoshop, the study delineates the architectural plan atlas, elevation atlas, wooden frame atlas, and decoration atlas. It suggests regenerative design strategies for these traditional atlases. Furthermore, through MasterGo and SketchUp, this study elaborated on the regenerative design strategies of residential architecture information atlases in the Mingyue Bay village, including spatial-temporal information atlas, cultural tourism service atlas, scene experience atlas, model simulation atlas, and game interaction atlas. These atlases are integrated into a service platform of rural intelligent tourism, aimed at fostering the global inheritance of residential architecture culture and the revitalization of rural intelligent tourism.

Cultural Sustainable Development Strategies of Chinese Traditional Furniture: Taking Ming-Style Furniture for Example

In view of the gradual decline and near-stagnant crisis of traditional furniture art from the late Qing Dynasty, the article studied the cultural sustainable strategies of Chinese traditional furniture represented by Ming-style furniture, hoping to promote the revitalization of traditional furniture and good inheritance of traditional culture in modern society. Based on the theory of “Methodology of Affairs”, the article proposes that the sustainable strategies of traditional furniture can be understood as a correlation system under the joint action of “internal factors” (shape, function, technology, etc., of furniture) and “external factors” (social environment, economic environment, humanistic environment, etc., in which furniture develops). Starting from the two aspects, the article finally analyzed the improved translation of internal factors in five parts: shape and function, structure and connection, material and process, color and furnishing, decoration and aesthetics, and studied the adaptive changes in external factors from five dimensions: politics, economy, culture, society, and users. The article hopes to help this endangered Chinese traditional furniture art develop in a sustainable direction, and also provide a reference for scholars working in the field of the inheritance and development of traditional culture.

Non‐invasive analysis of Chinese traditional dyes in royal textiles of the Qing dynasty by excitation–emission matrix fluorescence

AbstractChinese royal textiles of the Qing dynasty are widely collected around the world, creating a significant demand for dye identification in these textiles. However, the need for sampling in conventional analytical methods greatly limits their applicability. To address this issue, a non‐invasive analysis method based on excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence was developed. In this study, the EEM spectra of 18 typical natural dyeing recipes used for royal textiles of the Qing dynasty were systematically characterized. The results demonstrated that EEM fluorescence is effective in discriminating between natural dyes with similar colour hues and various dyeing techniques. Furthermore, the dyeing recipes of two historical kesi cushions in the Palace Museum, Beijing, were non‐invasively decoded.