Q-difference Equations Research Articles

Generalization of the Ostrowski Inequalities on Time Scales

The idea of time scales calculus’ theory was initiated and introduced by Hilger (1988) in his PhD thesis order to unify discret and continuous analysis and to expend the discrete and continous theories to cases ``in between''. Since then, mathematical research in this field has exceeded more than 1000 publications and a lot of applications in the fields of science, i.e., operations research, economics, physics, engineering, statistics, finance and biology. Ostrowski proved an inequality to estimate the absolute deviation of a differentiable function from its integral mean. This result was obtained by applying the Montgomery identity. In the present paper we derive a generalization of the Montgomery identity to the various time scale versions such as discrete case, continuous case and the case of quantum calculus, by obtaining this generalization of Montgomery identity we would prove our results about the generalization of the Ostrowski inequalities (without weighted case) to the several time scales such as discrete case, continuous case and the case of quantum calculus and recapture the several published results of different authors of various papers and thus unify corresponding discrete version and continuous version. Similarly we would also derive our results about the generalization of the Ostrowski inequalities (weighted case) to the different time scales such as discrete case and continuous case and recapture the different published results of several authors of various papers and thus unify corresponding discrete version and continuous version. Moreover, we would use our obtained results (without weighted case) to the case of quantum calculus.

Analytical study of the pantograph equation using Jacobi theta functions

The aim of this paper is to use the analytic theory of linear q-difference equations for the study of the functional-differential equation y′(x)=ay(qx)+by(x), where a and b are two non-zero real or complex numbers. When 0<q<1 and y(0)=1, the associated Cauchy problem admits a unique power series solution, ∑n≥0(−a/b;q)nn!(bx)n, that converges in the whole complex x-plane. The principal result obtained in the paper explains how to express this entire function solution into a linear combination of solutions at infinity with the help of integral representations involving Jacobi theta functions. As a by-product, this connection formula between zero and infinity allows one to rediscover the classic theorem of Kato and McLeod on the asymptotic behavior of the solutions over the real axis.

Some properties of q-Gaussian distributions

In this research article, we introduced the notion of q-probabilty distributions in quantum calculus. We characterized the concept of q-density by connecting it to a probability measure and investigated some of their outstanding properties. In this case, the Transfer theorem was extended in order to compute afterwards the q-moments, q-entropy, q-moment generating function, and q-quantiles. We are also interested in finding the centered q-Gaussian distribution N q ( 0 , σ 2 ) with variance σ 2 . We also proved that this q-distribution belongs to a class of classical discrete distributions. The centered q-Gaussian law N q ( 0 , σ 2 ) is also naturally related to the q-Gaussian distribution N q ( μ , σ 2 ) with mean μ and standard deviation σ. We corroborated that the q-moments of these q-distributions are q-analogs of the moments of classical distributions. Numerical studies demonstrated that N q ( 0 , σ 2 ) interpolates between the classical Uniform and Gaussian distributions when q goes to 0 and 1, respectively. Subsequently, simulation studies for various q parameter values and samples sizes of the Gaussian q-distributions were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Eventually, we provided some pertinent closing remarks and offered new perspectives for future works.

Applications of the Symmetric Quantum-Difference Operator for New Subclasses of Meromorphic Functions

Our goal in this article is to use ideas from symmetric q-calculus operator theory in the study of meromorphic functions on the punctured unit disc and to propose a novel symmetric q-difference operator for these functions. A few additional classes of meromorphic functions are then defined in light of this new symmetric q-difference operator. We prove many useful conclusions regarding these newly constructed classes of meromorphic functions, such as convolution, subordination features, integral representations, and necessary conditions. The technique presented in this article may be used to produce a wide variety of new types of generalized symmetric q-difference operators, which can subsequently be used to investigate a wide variety of new classes of analytic and meromorphic functions related to symmetric quantum calculus.

Applications of [formula omitted]-difference equation and homogeneous [formula omitted]-shift operator [formula omitted] in [formula omitted]-polynomials

In this paper, the generalized homogeneous q-shift operator is constructed. The q-difference equation is then utilized to construct numerous polynomial q-identities, such as the generating function and its extension, Rogers’ formula and its extension, and Mehler’s formula and its extension for the generalized q-hypergeometric polynomials. Also demonstrated is a transformational identity involving generating functions for the generalized q-hypergeometric polynomials.

Q-Difference Equation for the Operator E ̃(x,a;θ) and their Applications for the Polynomials h_n (a,b,x|q^(-1))

q-Difference Equation for the Operator E ̃(x,a;θ) and their Applications for the Polynomials h_n (a,b,x|q^(-1))

Peacock patterns and resurgence in complex Chern–Simons theory

The partition function of complex Chern–Simons theory on a 3-manifold with torus boundary reduces to a finite-dimensional state-integral which is a holomorphic function of a complexified Planck’s constant tau in the complex cut plane and an entire function of a complex parameter u. This gives rise to a vector of factorially divergent perturbative formal power series whose Stokes rays form a peacock-like pattern in the complex plane. We conjecture that these perturbative series are resurgent, their trans-series involve two non-perturbative variables, their Stokes automorphism satisfies a unique factorization property and that it is given explicitly in terms of a fundamental matrix solution to a (dual) linear q-difference equation. We further conjecture that a distinguished entry of the Stokes automorphism matrix is the 3D-index of Dimofte–Gaiotto–Gukov. We provide proofs of our statements regarding the q-difference equations and their properties of their fundamental solutions and illustrate our conjectures regarding the Stokes matrices with numerical calculations for the two simplest hyperbolic textbf{4}_1 and textbf{5}_{2} knots.

A Comprehensive Review of the Hermite–Hadamard Inequality Pertaining to Quantum Calculus

A review of results on Hermite–Hadamard (H-H) type inequalities in quantum calculus, associated with a variety of classes of convexities, is presented. In the various classes of convexities this includes classical convex functions, quasi-convex functions, p-convex functions, (p,s)-convex functions, modified (p,s)-convex functions, (p,h)-convex functions, tgs-convex functions, η-quasi-convex functions, ϕ-convex functions, (α,m)-convex functions, ϕ-quasi-convex functions, and coordinated convex functions. Quantum H-H type inequalities via preinvex functions and Green functions are also presented. Finally, H-H type inequalities for (p,q)-calculus, h-calculus, and (q−h)-calculus are also included.

Generalization of Steffensen's inequality for higher order convex function involving extensions of montgomery identities on time scales

ABSTRACT Generalizations of some Steffensen's inequalities for the class of higher order convex functions are obtained in present study. To prove the results, some preliminary lemmas are established by using extended Montgomery identities via Taylor's formula on time scales. Furthermore, Ostrowski type inequalities are also established, along with prove of optimization of the constant. Moreover, newly obtained results are discussed in discrete and quantum calculus as well.

Certain Subclasses of Analytic and Bi-Univalent Functions Governed by the Gegenbauer Polynomials Linked with q-Derivative

In this paper, we introduce and investigate two new subclasses of analytic and bi-univalent functions using the q-derivative operator Dq0&lt;q&lt;1 and the Gegenbauer polynomials in a symmetric domain, which is the open unit disc Λ=℘:℘∈Cand℘&lt;1. For these subclasses of analytic and bi-univalent functions, the coefficient estimates and Fekete–Szegö inequalities are solved. Some special cases of the main results are also linked to those in several previous studies. The symmetric nature of quantum calculus itself motivates our investigation of the applications of such quantum (or q-) extensions in this paper.

New Applications of the Sălăgean Quantum Differential Operator for New Subclasses of q-Starlike and q-Convex Functions Associated with the Cardioid Domain

In this paper, we define a new family of q-starlike and q-convex functions related to the cardioid domain utilizing the ideas of subordination and the Sălăgean quantum differential operator. The primary contribution of this article is the derivation of a sharp inequality for the newly established subclasses of q-starlike and q-convex functions in the open unit disc U. For this novel family, bounds of the first two Taylor–Maclaurin coefficients, the Fekete–Szegö-type functional, and coefficient inequalities are studied. Furthermore, we also investigate some new results for the inverse function belonging to the classes of q-starlike and q-convex functions. The results presented in this article are sharp. To draw connections between the early and present findings, several well-known corollaries are also highlighted. Symmetric quantum calculus operator theory can be used to investigate the symmetry properties of this new family of functions.

The Properties of Meromorphic Multivalent q-Starlike Functions in the Janowski Domain

Many researchers have defined the q-analogous of differential and integral operators for analytic functions using the concept of quantum calculus in the geometric function theory. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive investigation to identify the uses of the Sălăgean q-differential operator for meromorphic multivalent functions. Many features of functions that belong to geometrically defined classes have been extensively studied using differential operators based on q-calculus operator theory. In this research, we extended the idea of the q-analogous of the Sălăgean differential operator for meromorphic multivalent functions using the fundamental ideas of q-calculus. With the help of this operator, we extend the family of Janowski functions by adding two new subclasses of meromorphic q-starlike and meromorphic multivalent q-starlike functions. We discover significant findings for these new classes, including the radius of starlikeness, partial sums, distortion theorems, and coefficient estimates.

Applications of q-Real Numbers to Triple q-Hypergeometric Functions and q-Horn Functions

The purpose of this article is to study how q-real numbers can be used for computations of convergence regions, q-integral representations of certain multiple triple q-Lauricella functions. The corresponding q-difference equations are also given without proof. In the process, we slightly improve Exton’s original formulas. We also survey the current attempts to generalize the above functions to triple and quadruple hypergeometric functions. Finally, we compute some q-analogues of transformation formulas for Horn functions.

Exploration of Quantum Milne–Mercer-Type Inequalities with Applications

Quantum calculus provides a significant generalization of classical concepts and overcomes the limitations of classical calculus in tackling non-differentiable functions. Implementing the q-concepts to obtain fresh variants of classical outcomes is a very intriguing aspect of research in mathematical analysis. The objective of this article is to establish novel Milne-type integral inequalities through the utilization of the Mercer inequality for q-differentiable convex mappings. In order to accomplish this task, we begin by demonstrating a new quantum identity of the Milne type linked to left and right q derivatives. This serves as a supporting result for our primary findings. Our approach involves using the q-equality, well-known inequalities, and convex mappings to obtain new error bounds of the Milne–Mercer type. We also provide some special cases, numerical examples, and graphical analysis to evaluate the efficacy of our results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article to focus on quantum Milne–Mercer-type inequalities and we hope that our methods and findings inspire readers to conduct further investigation into this problem.

Studying the Harmonic Functions Associated with Quantum Calculus

Using the derivative operators’ q-analogs values, a wide variety of holomorphic function subclasses, q-starlike, and q-convex functions have been researched and examined. With the aid of fundamental ideas from the theory of q-calculus operators, we describe new q-operators of harmonic function Hϱ,χ;qγF(ϖ) in this work. We also define a new harmonic function subclass related to the Janowski and q-analog of Le Roy-type functions Mittag–Leffler functions. Several important properties are assigned to the new class, including necessary and sufficient conditions, the covering Theorem, extreme points, distortion bounds, convolution, and convex combinations. Furthermore, we emphasize several established remarks for confirming our primary findings presented in this study, as well as some applications of this study in the form of specific outcomes and corollaries.

Jackson Differential Operator Associated with Generalized Mittag–Leffler Function

Quantum calculus plays a significant role in many different branches such as quantum physics, hypergeometric series theory, and other physical phenomena. In our paper and using quantitative calculus, we introduce a new family of normalized analytic functions in the open unit disk, which relates to both the generalized Mittag–Leffler function and the Jackson differential operator. By using a differential subordination virtue, we obtain some important properties such as coefficient bounds and the Fekete–Szegő problem. Some results that represent special cases of this family that have been studied before are also highlighted.

Generalized [formula omitted]-difference equation of the generalized [formula omitted]-operator [formula omitted] and its application in [formula omitted]-integrals

In this paper, we employ the q-difference equation technique to generalize some well-known q-integrals such as the extension of Askey–Roy q-integral, Andrews–Askey q-integral, and Askey–Wilson q-integral.

On symmetric solutions of the fourth q-Painlevé equation

The Painlevé equations possess transcendental solutions y(t) with special initial values that are symmetric under rotation or reflection in the complex t-plane. They correspond to monodromy problems that are explicitly solvable in terms of classical special functions. In this paper, we show the existence of such solutions for a q-difference Painlevé equation. We focus on symmetric solutions of a q-difference equation known as or and provide their symmetry properties and solve the corresponding monodromy problem.

Unique iterative solution for high-order nonlinear fractional q-difference equation based on psi -(h,r)-concave operators

An objective of this paper is to investigate the boundary value problem of a high-order nonlinear fractional q-difference equation. It was to obtain a unique iterative solution for this problem by means of applying a novel fixed-point theorem of psi -(h,r)-concave operator, in which the operator is increasing and defined in ordered sets. Moreover, we construct a monotone explicit iterative scheme to approximate the unique solution. Finally, we give an example to illustrate the use of the main result.

A Review of q-Difference Equations for Al-Salam–Carlitz Polynomials and Applications to U(n + 1) Type Generating Functions and Ramanujan’s Integrals

In this review paper, our aim is to study the current research progress of q-difference equations for generalized Al-Salam–Carlitz polynomials related to theta functions and to give an extension of q-difference equations for q-exponential operators and q-difference equations for Rogers–Szegö polynomials. Then, we continue to generalize certain generating functions for Al-Salam–Carlitz polynomials via q-difference equations. We provide a proof of Rogers formula for general Al-Salam–Carlitz polynomials and obtain transformational identities using q-difference equations. In addition, we gain U(n+1)-type generating functions and Ramanujan’s integrals involving general Al-Salam–Carlitz polynomials via q-difference equations. Finally, we derive two extensions of the Andrews–Askey integral via q-difference equations.