Pyridoxal Research Articles

HPLC-DAD approach for determination of pyridoxine HCl and doxylamine succinate in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms: A green stability-indicating assay method

The environmental impact of analytical procedures is a major concern nowadays. As a result, scientists are now working to reduce the adverseenvironmental impact of chemicals and solvents. Stability testing is an important stage in the pharmaceutical industry because it determines how a drug product's quality changes over time as a result of environmental and laboratory conditions. This study demonstrates the use of green reversed phase (RP-HPLC) to determine pyridoxine HCl (PYR) and doxylamine succinate (DOX) in the presence of DOX oxidative degradation product (DOX DEG). DOX DEG was identified by using (LC-MS). The chromatographic separation was achieved using a mobile phase consisting of ethanol and 0.01 M phosphate buffer pH = 5.0 (10: 90, v/v) with isocratic elution, pumped at 1.0 mL/min on an Xterra C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 m). DAD was used for detection at 254.0 nm and the retention times for PYR, DOX and DOX DEG were 1.41 min, 5.89 min, and 7.36 min, respectively. This procedure was validover linearity ranges of 10.00–120.00 μg/mL and 5.00–100.00 μg/mL, with mean percentage recoveries100.09 ± 0.949 and 100.29 ± 0.519 for PYR and DOX, respectively. The presented chromatographic method was fully validated in accordance with ICH requirements and was statistically compared with those of the reported method and there was no significant difference between them. The proposed approach was shown to be more eco -friendly in terms of the use of hazardous chemicals and solvents, energy consumption, and waste generation than the reported one.

Health beneficial properties of a novel plant-based probiotic drink produced by fermentation of brown rice milk with GABA-producing Lactobacillus pentosus isolated from Thai pickled weed

• GABA-producing probiotic bacterium that could ferment brown rice milk was isolated. • The strain was used to produce a rice-based drink with high GABA content. • The drink exhibited in vitro antioxidant, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic potential. • The drink flavored with lychee juice had good sensory and nutritional quality. This study aimed to develop a GABA drink by probiotic fermentation of brown rice milk (BRM). The drink was prepared from GABA-rich brown rice and fermented by a GABA-producing probiotic Lactobacillus pentosus 9D3 isolated from Thai pickled weed. The strain considerably enhanced the GABA content in BRM fortified with yeast extract, isolated soy protein and pyridoxine hydrochloride, rendering a drink with high GABA content (14.3 mg/100 mL) and a high number of probiotic cells (8.6 log CFU/mL). The drink contained phenolic compounds and exhibited antioxidant activities. The drink could inhibit key enzymes related to obesity and diabetes. The drink flavored with lychee juice showed good sensory acceptance, provided around 100 kcal/100 mL, and it could be refrigerated for up to 30 days. In conclusion, the developed probiotic GABA drink has great potential to be commercialized as a plant-based functional drink with health benefits that may prevent some chronic diseases.

Dynamics of quality of life indicators in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease comorbid with connective tissue dysplasia under the influence of complex treatment

Introduction. In the case of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) on the background of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) causes an even more significant deterioration in the QOL, including sleep disturbances and the onset of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Thus, the study of the peculiarities of GERD on the background of connective tissue dysplasia and determining the impact of comorbid pathology on the QOL of patients with GERD is a topical issue in internal medicine. It has significant socio-economic significance. We believe that monitoring the most important variables that affect the quality of life of patients with GERD can help raise public awareness in this regard. In addition, it can guide the health care system to address these issues.
 Purpose. The purpose of the work is to increase the awareness of medical workers about the scale of the problem and ways to solve it. to study the features of the dynamics of quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease comorbid with connective tissue dysplasia under the influence of the proposed complex therapy.
 Methodology. 120 patients were included: 65 men and 55 women. In 75 of them (Study Group) GERD was in the background of UCTD, in 45 (?omparison Group ) - developed as an independent disease. The Study Group was divided into three groups. ?omparison Group - 45 patients with GERD without UCTD, received basic standard therapy, which included PPI "Panocid" 40 mg once a day and alginate-antacid formulation (Gaviscon Double Action Liquid) 20 ml, 3 times per day after meals and before bedtime. I Group - 25 patients with GERD +UCTD, which to the standard basic therapy was added "Magne-B6" for 2 tablets 3 times per day. II Group - 25 patients with GERD +UCTD, which to the standard basic therapy was added "Calcium-D3 Nicomed" 1 tablet 3 times per day. III Group - 25 patients with GERD +UCTD, who used the drug "Magne-B6" 2 tablets 3 times per day and "Calcium-D3 Nicomed" 1 tablet 3 times per day on the background of standard basic therapy. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Status (SF-36), the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), and the scale of "Personal and social performance" (PSP) - were used to study patients in detail. A comprehensive examination of patients was performed twice: before and after 30 days of comprehensive treatment.
 Results and Discussion. Under the influence of the basic therapy in Comparison Group the General Health (GH) improved by 33.03%. While in the groups on the background of complex treatment is increased by 42.52% in patients of the I Group, by 13.10% in patients of the II Group, and 46.28% in patients of the III Group (p1, p2, p3 <0.05).Physical Functiong Scale (PF) improved by 17.9% in patients of the Comparison Group (p <0.05) and by 30.38%; 27.47%, 29.17%, respectively (p1, p2, p3 <0.05). Role Physical Scale (RP) scores improved by 25.14% in Comparison Group (p <0.05) and by 33.6 %, 22.58% and 40.20% respectively (p1, p2, p3 <0.05). Dynamics of data in Body Pain (BP) scale improved by 21.84% in patients of the Comparison Group (p <0.05) and by 37.28%, 25.46%, 35.92% (p1, p2, p3 <0.05).As can be seen from it, under the influence of complex therapy, the values of the Vitality (VT) increased by 17.18% in patients of Group I, by 21.93% – in Group II, by 37.87%– in Group III (p1, p2, p3 <0.05). Among patients of the Comparison Group, the influx of strength and energy felt 9.50% (p <0.05). Data of Social Functioning Scale (SF) improved by 8.8% in patients of the Comparison Group (p <0 , 05) and by 22.7%, 29.6%, 29.31%, respectively(p1, p2, p3 <0.05). Mental Health Scale (MH) improved by 17.23% in patients of Group I, by 22.41% – in Group II, by 21.96% – in Group III (p1, p2, p3 <0.05) and 14.22% - in the Comparison Group (p <0.05). Also in patients were positive dynamics of the Role Emotional functioning scale (RE): by 27.37% in patients of Group I, by 12.36%– in Group II, by 15.7% – in the Group III (p1, p2, p3 <0.05) and 9.05% - in patients of the Comparison Group (p < 0.05).
 Conclusions. Thus, the inclusion in the standard therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with its development on the background of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia of magnesium lactate dihydrate in combination with pyridoxine hydrochloride ("Magne -B6 ") and calcium carbonate in combination with cholecalciferol ("Calcium-D3 Nicomed") contributed to a significant improvement in their quality of life

Adoption of Advanced Chemometric Methods for Determination of Pyridoxine HCl, Cyclizine HCl, and Meclizine HCl in the Presence of Related Impurities: A Comparative Study.

Noising is an undesirable phenomenon accompanying the development of widely used chemometric models such as partial least square regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR). Optimizations of these chemometric models by applying orthogonal projection to latent structures (OPLS) as a preprocessing step which is characterized by canceling noise is the purpose of this research study. Additionally, a comprehensive comparative study between the developed methods was undertaken highlighting pros and cons. OPLS was conducted with PLSR and SVR for quantitative determination of pyridoxine HCl, cyclizine HCl, and meclizine HCl in the presence of their related impurities. The training set was formed from 25 mixtures as there were five mixtures for each compound at each concentration level. Additionally, to check the validity and predictive ability of the developed chemometric models, independent test set mixtures were prepared by repeating the preparation of four mixtures of the training set plus preparation of another four independent mixtures. Upon application of the OPLS processing method, an upswing of the predictive abilities of PLSR and SVR was found. The root-mean-square error of prediction of the test set was the basic benchmark for comparison. The major finding from the conducted research is that processing with OPLS reinforces the ability of models to anticipate the future samples. Novel optimizations of the widely used chemometric models; application of a comparative study between the suggested methods; application of OPLS preprocessing methods; quantitative determination of pyridoxine HCl, cyclizine HCl and meclizine HCl; checking the predictive power of developed chemometric models; analysis of active ingredients in their pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Динамика показателей психоэмоционального состояния женщин — внутренне перемещенных лиц с угрозой прерывания беременности на фоне комплексного лечения

Актуальность. Беременность является состоянием повышенной уязвимости для развития тревоги и депрессии, которые являются наиболее распространенными психическими расстройствами во время беременности и после родов. Около 54 % женщин испытывают тревогу в течение всего антенатального периода, депрессивные расстройства проявляются у 34 % женщин. По данным некоторых авторов, нарушения сна, на которые жалуются от 11,5 до 85 % беременных, могут влиять на выраженность антенатальных и постнатальных депрессивных и тревожных симптомов, а также на акушерские исходы. Цель: оценить эффективность курса комплексного лечения женщин с угрозой прерывания беременности (УПБ), проживающих в Луганской области и имеющих статус внутренне перемещенных лиц (ВПЛ), для совершенствования лечебно-профилактических мероприятий и профилактики акушерских и перинатальных осложнений. Материалы и методы. Обследованы 22 пациентки в I и II триместрах, которые находились на стационарном лечении по поводу УПБ в учреждениях здравоохранения Луганской области и имели статус ВПЛ. Беременные методом случайной выборки были распределены на подгруппы (1а и 1б), женщины подгруппы 1б дополнительно получали лечение с использованием L-аргинина, магния лактата дигидрата и пиридоксина гидрохлорида в течение двух недель, а также витаминно-минеральный комплекс. Клинико-акушерское и психометрическое обследование проводилось до и после лечения. Для оценки уровня тревожности применяли тест Спилбергера, депрессивных проявлений — опросник Бека, вегетативных расстройств — опросник А.М. Вейна, качества сна — опросник качества сна Центра сомнологии, определяли концентрации прогестерона и магния. Результаты. После проведенного лечения отмечено статистически достоверное снижение показателей реактивной тревожности, депрессивных проявлений, вегетативных расстройств, улучшение параметров сна, повышение концентрации прогестерона в обследованных группах и магния в группе 1б. Показатель личностной тревожности и концентрация магния в группе 1а после окончания лечения достоверно не изменились. Выводы. Лечение с применением L-аргинина, магния лактата дигидрата, пиридоксина гидрохлорида и витаминно-минерального комплекса показало высокую эффективность в снижении выраженности и частоты психоэмоциональных расстройств у женщин — внутренне перемещенных лиц с УПБ, достижении эмоционального равновесия, снятии беспокойства, тревоги, страхов, связанных с беременностью и родами. Снижение показателей реактивной тревожности, депрессивных расстройств, вегетативных проявлений, улучшение показателей качества сна могут служить критериями эффективности проведенного лечения.

Combinational Therapy of Cardiac Atrial Appendage Stem Cells and Pyridoxamine: The Road to Cardiac Repair?

Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when the coronary blood supply is interrupted. As a consequence, cardiomyocytes are irreversibly damaged and lost. Unfortunately, current therapies for MI are unable to prevent progression towards heart failure. As the renewal rate of cardiomyocytes is minimal, the optimal treatment should achieve effective cardiac regeneration, possibly with stem cells transplantation. In that context, our research group identified the cardiac atrial appendage stem cells (CASCs) as a new cellular therapy. However, CASCs are transplanted into a hostile environment, with elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which may affect their regenerative potential. In this study, we hypothesize that pyridoxamine (PM), a vitamin B6 derivative, could further enhance the regenerative capacities of CASCs transplanted after MI by reducing AGEs’ formation. Methods and Results: MI was induced in rats by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Animals were assigned to either no therapy (MI), CASCs transplantation (MI + CASCs), or CASCs transplantation supplemented with PM treatment (MI + CASCs + PM). Four weeks post-surgery, global cardiac function and infarct size were improved upon CASCs transplantation. Interstitial collagen deposition, evaluated on cryosections, was decreased in the MI animals transplanted with CASCs. Contractile properties of resident left ventricular cardiomyocytes were assessed by unloaded cell shortening. CASCs transplantation prevented cardiomyocyte shortening deterioration. Even if PM significantly reduced cardiac levels of AGEs, cardiac outcome was not further improved. Conclusion: Limiting AGEs’ formation with PM during an ischemic injury in vivo did not further enhance the improved cardiac phenotype obtained with CASCs transplantation. Whether AGEs play an important deleterious role in the setting of stem cell therapy after MI warrants further examination.

Investigating novel biomarkers of immune activation and modulation in the context of sedentary behaviour: a multicentre prospective ischemic stroke cohort study

BackgroundSedentary behaviour is associated with disease, but the molecular mechanisms are not understood. Valid biomarkers with predictive and explanatory properties are required. Therefore, we have investigated traditional and novel biomarkers of inflammation and immune modulation and their association to objectively measured sedentary behaviour in an ischemic stroke population.MethodsPatients admitted to hospital with acute ischemic stroke were included in the multicentre Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke (Nor-COAST) study (n = 815). For this sub-study (n = 257), sedentary behaviour was registered 3 months after stroke using position transition data from the body-worn sensor, ActivPal®. Blood samples were analysed for high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10), neopterin, tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), and three B6 vitamers, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal (PL), and pyridoxic acid (PA). The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR) and the pyridoxic acid ratio index (PAr = PA: PL + PLP) were calculated.ResultsOf the 815 patients included in the main study, 700 attended the three-month follow-up, and 257 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study. Sedentary time was significantly associated with levels of hsCRP, IL-6, neopterin, PAr-index, and KA adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, and creatinine. In a fully adjusted model including all the significant biomarkers except hsCRP (because of missing values), sedentary time was independently positively associated with the PAr-index and negatively with KA. We did not find an association between sedentary behaviour, IL-10, and KTR.ConclusionsThe PAr-index is known to capture several modes of inflammation and has previously shown predictive abilities for future stroke. This novel result indicates that the PAr-index could be a useful biomarker in future studies on sedentary behaviour and disease progression. KA is an important modulator of inflammation, and this finding opens new and exciting pathways to understand the hazards of sedentary behaviour.Trial registrationThe study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02650531). First posted 08/01/2016.

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Activity after Treatment with the Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation on Combination of Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. Coli Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in Sprague Dawley Rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory response of the Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se to the animals on Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model in Sprague Dawley rats using serum inflammatory biomarkers. In this experiment, various inflammatory biomarkers such as monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), troponin-1, procalcitonin, fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) were analysed using ELISA assay. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin E, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), Panax ginseng extract, β-carotene, and cannabidiol isolate. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one section was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and three group of animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The results showed that the level of MIG was significantly (p≤0.01) reduced by 48.57%, 56.14%, 47.95%, 51.92%, and 47.83% in the G5 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation); G6 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15); G7 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15); G8 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), and G9 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se animals plus the untreated test formulation) groups, respectively as compared to the disease control (G2) group. Additionally, the level of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 47.35%, 46.32%, 40.73%, 50.47%, and 39.96% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. The level of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 91.74%, 93.54%, 92.70%, 94.46%, and 93.80% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, as compared to the G2 group. The level of MMP-9 was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 18.74%, 35.54%, 26.48%, 38.16%, and 22.52% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Moreover, the level of troponin-1 was decreased by 28.53%, 28.50%, 14.14%, 30.68%, and 36.34% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the untreated test formulation (G4) group. Additionally, the level of procalcitonin was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 27.27%, 51.73%, 46.40%, 54.65%, and 39.08% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Further, the level of fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 66.7%, 62.5%, 31.5%, 51.6% and 40.1% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Overall, the data suggested anti-inflammatory potentials of the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along with preventive measure on the animal with respect to various inflammatory conditions that might be beneficial various types of systemic inflammatory disorders specially sepsis, trauma, septic shock or any types of injuries. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the inflammation-related disease progression and its complications/symptoms in the preventive Biofield Energy Treatment group per se and/or Biofield Energy Treated Test formulation groups (viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9) comparatively with the disease control group.

Evaluation of Inflammatory Serum Cytokines after Treatment with the Consciousness Energy Healing Based Proprietary Test Formulation on Combination of Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. Coli Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in Sprague Dawley Rats

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to a confirmed or suspected infection. The transition from sepsis to septic shock causes high rate of mortality. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the Biofield Energy Treated (Blessed) Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Healing (Blessing) Treatment per se to Sprague Dawley rats on Cecal Slurry, LPS, and E. coli-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model. In this experiment, various proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, 1L-17, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were analysed using ELISA. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin E, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), Panax ginseng extract, β-carotene, and cannabidiol isolate. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one section was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and three group of animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The level of TNF-α was significantly reduced by 40.50%, 85.36% (p≤0.01), 50.66% (p≤0.01), 87.38% (p≤0.01), and 58.63% (p≤0.01) in G5 (Cecal Slurry, LPS, and E. coli + Biofield Energy Treated test formulation), G6 (Cecal Slurry, LPS, and E. coli + Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15), G7 (Cecal Slurry, LPS, and E. coli + Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), G8 (Cecal Slurry, LPS, and E. coli + Biofield Energy Treatment per se + Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), and G9 (Cecal Slurry, LPS, and E. coli + Biofield Energy Treatment per se animals + untreated test formulation) groups, respectively as compared to the disease control (G2) group. Additionally, the level of IL-1β was decreased by 17.04%, 15.56%, and 12.59% in G6, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the untreated test formulation (G4) group. The level of IL-6 was significantly (p≤0.001) reduced by 36.18%, 50.24%, 43.25%, 52.69%, and 38.23% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. The level of IL-10 was altered by 70.53%, 49.25%, 60.18%, 41.54%, and 58.89% in G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Moreover, the level of IL-12 was decreased by 30.24%, 31.67%, 29.82%, 45.77%, and 50.54% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2. The level of IL-17 was reduced by 48.75%, 59.61%, 59.28%, 62.49%, and 58.65% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2. IFN-γ expression was reduced by 49.56%, 24.09%, 23.7%, 56.98%, and 44.94% in G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. Overall, the data suggested anti-inflammatory potentials of the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along with preventive measure on the animal with respect to various inflammatory conditions that might be beneficial various types of systemic inflammatory disorders specially sepsis, trauma, septic shock or any types of injuries. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the inflammation-related disease progression and its complications in preventive treatment groups viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9.

Determination of Vitamin B3 Vitamer (Nicotinamide) and Vitamin B6 Vitamers in Human Hair Using LC-MS/MS.

Water-soluble B vitamins participate in numerous crucial metabolic reactions and are critical for maintaining our health. Vitamin B deficiencies cause many different types of diseases, such as dementia, anaemia, cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, and HIV. Vitamin B3 deficiency is linked to pellagra and cancer, while niacin (or nicotinic acid) lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides in the blood and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL). A highly sensitive and robust liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/MS-MS) method was developed to detect and quantify a vitamin B3 vitamer (nicotinamide) and vitamin B6 vitamers (pyridoxial 5′-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal hydrochloride (PL), pyridoxamine dihydrochloride (PM), pridoxamine-5′-phosphate (PMP), and pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN)) in human hair samples of the UAE population. Forty students’ volunteers took part in the study and donated their hair samples. The analytes were extracted and then separated using a reversed-phase Poroshell EC-C18 column, eluted using two mobile phases, and quantified using LC/MS-MS system. The method was validated in human hair using parameters such as linearity, intra- and inter-day accuracy, and precision and recovery. The method was then used to detect vitamin B3 and B6 vitamers in the human hair samples. Of all the vitamin B3 and B6 vitamers tested, only nicotinamide was detected and quantified in human hair. Of the 40 samples analysed, 12 were in the range 100–200 pg/mg, 15 in the range 200–500 pg/mg, 9 in the range of 500–4000 pg/mg. The LC/MS-MS method is effective, sensitive, and robust for the detection of vitamin B3 and its vitamer nicotinamide in human hair samples. This developed hair test can be used in clinical examination to complement blood and urine tests for the long-term deficiency, detection, and quantification of nicotinamide.

Evaluation of Antioxidative Potential of the Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation on L-NAME and High Fat Diet-Induced Cardiovascular Disorders in Sprague Dawley Rats

The aim of this experiment was to assess the antioxidative potential of the Biofield Energy Treated/Blessed Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment/Blessing per se to the animals on NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and high fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiovascular disorders in Sprague Dawley rats using various functional biomarkers. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, copper, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin B9, vitamin B12, and vitamin D3), cannabidiol (CBD) isolate, Panax ginseng extract, and β-carotene. The test formulation’s constituents were divided into two parts; one part was denoted as the untreated, while the other part and three group of animals received Biofield Energy Healing/Blessing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned spiritual leader, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was elevated significantly by 198.46%, 208.73%, 191.73%, 211.75%, and 198.82% in the G5 (L-NAME + HFD + the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation), G6 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15), G7 (L-NAME + HFD + the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), G8 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), and G9 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se animals plus the untreated test formulation) groups, respectively than disease control group (G2). Moreover, the level of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was significantly increased by 61.94%, 118.49%, 82.96%, 141.89%, and 262.02% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Lipid peroxidase (LPO) was decreased by 14.21%, 30.98%, 38.66%, and 32.67% in the G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2 group. Additionally, the level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was decreased by 28.46%, 10.87%, 12.41%, and 13.35% in the G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. Further, the level of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) was reduced by 65.38%, 65.11%, 71.53%, 79.26%, and 66.57% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. Besides, in heart tissues, the level of catalase (CAT) was significantly increased by 68.20%, 63.69%, 126.03%, 124.54%, and 112.23% in G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively than G2 group. Moreover, in kidney tissues, the level of CAT was significantly increased by 22.48%, 23.43%, and 10.95% in the G6, G7, and G9 groups, respectively than G2. Overall, the data suggested a significant antioxidant activity by increasing the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, and reducing the levels of LPO, MPO, and oxidized-LDL in various tissue fluids and that might be beneficial for cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the study outcomes showed the significant slowdown the oxidative stress-related cardiovascular disease progression and its complications in the preventive treatment groups viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9.

Copper (II) complexes derived from pyridoxal: Structural correlations, cytotoxic activities, and molecular docking

This article presents the synthesis, characterization, evaluation of the mimetic potential of the catalytic activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme, cytotoxic effects, evaluation of interactions with CT-DNA, and theoretical calculations of copper (II) mononuclear complexes. The C1, C2, and C3 complexes were obtained from the aldolic condensation between aromatic amines (furfurylamine, 2-thiophenethylamine, and 2-thiophenethylamine) and aromatic aldehydes (salicylic aldehyde, ortho-vanillin, and pyridoxal hydrochloride). The compounds were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, FTIR, and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopies. Although the complexes presented coordination modes with identical organic molecules, there were different coordination geometries. In addition, the varied chalcogen substituents revealed an electrochemical potential quite different from the complexes. The synthesized complexes were subjected to NBT photoreduction (nitrotetrazolium blue chloride) to quantify the antioxidant activity, and values of the McCord-Fridovich assay showed that the synthesized complexes have significant superoxide dismutation activity. Moreover, CuII complexes were tested in fluorimetric assays, colorimetric assays to assess cellular metabolic activity, and the dichlorofluorescein diacetate test. Our findings showed that the C2 complex presented the best antioxidant activity with the safest reactive oxygen species generation levels and the least damage to DNA using the evaluated methods. Finally, we evaluated how the synthesized complexes interacted with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid by spectroscopic techniques (absorption and emission) and theoretical calculations.

Elasticity Profile of Skin, Neuronal, Cardiac, and Skeletal Muscle Cells after Treatment with the Biofield Energy Healing-Based Proprietary Test Formulation

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Trivedi Effect®- Biofield Energy Treated/Blessed Test formulation/item (TI) composed of minerals (magnesium, zinc, copper, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), Panax ginseng extract, CBD isolates, and β-carotene on elasticity of skin, heart, muscle, and neuronal cells in the H9C2 (rat cardiomyocytes), C2C12 (mouse myoblast cells), HaCaT (human keratinocytes), and SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cells) cell line in DMEM medium. The test formulation constituents were divided into two parts; one section was defined as untreated test formulation (UT), while the other portion of test formulation received Biofield Energy Healing/Blessing Treatment (BT) by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The test items were treated with Biofield Energy Healing/Blessing Treatment and divided as Biofield Energy Treated/Blessed (BT) and untreated (UT) test items. MTT data showed that the test formulation in various concentrations was found as safe and nontoxic in the tested concentrations with viability range from 73% to 307%. Young’s modulus (YM) is a measure of cell stiffness, a decrease in YM value indicates increase elasticity of the cells and vice-versa. YM in H9C2 cells were decreased by 9.6% and 66.1% in the BT-DMEM + UT-TI group at 0.1 and 1 µg/mL respectively, as compared with untreated test group. However, C2C21 cells showed increased YM by 443.9% at 1 µg/mL in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI group, while 869.6% increased YM in the BT-DMEM + UT-TI group at 1 µg/mL as compared with untreated test group. However, 314% increased YM was reported in the BT-DMEM + BT-TI group at 1 µg/mL as compared with the untreated test group. However, the value of YM was significantly decreased in the HaCaT cell line by 247.7% (at 1 µg/mL), 225.8% (at 0.1 µg/mL), and 97.9% (at 1 µg/mL) in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI group respectively, as compared with the untreated group. In addition, YM was significantly decreased in the SH-SY5Y cell line by 92.6%, 18.1%, and 26.6% at 1 µg/mL in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI group respectively, as compared with the untreated group. Overall, the results showed the significant decreased YM among the SH-SY5Y, HaCaT, and H9C2 cells, while it was increased in the C2C21 cell line. Thus, the mechanical properties of cells such as cellular function, including shape, motility, differentiation, division, and adhesion to its surrounding extracellular matrix were improved. Overall, it can be useful in many disease progressions with improved cellular elasticity and its associated complications/symptoms.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation on Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Model in Sprague Dawley Rats

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se to the animals on Cecal Slurry, LPS, and E. coli-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model in Sprague Dawley rats. The parameters studies in this experiment includes tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), fibrin degradation products (FDP), Substance P, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were analysed using ELISA assay. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin E, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), Panax ginseng extract, β-carotene, and cannabidiol isolate. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one section was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and three group of animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment (prayer) remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The level of TNF-α was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 46.94% and 55.91% in the G6 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15) group as compared to the disease control group (G2) and the untreated test formulation (G4), respectively. The level of IL-6 was significantly (p≤0.001) reduced by 51.44% and 42.92% in the G6 group as compared to the disease control (G2) group and untreated test formulation group, respectively. The level of MIP-2 was significantly reduced by 21.52% and 31.54% (p≤0.001) in the G6 group as compared to the G2 and G4 groups, respectively. The level of MMP-9 was significantly decreased by 40.13% (p≤0.001) and 20.92% in the G6 and G8 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Moreover, the level of FDP was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 38.22% and 50.53% in the G6 group as compared to the G2 and G4 groups, respectively. The level of substance P was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 36.96% and 38.20% in the G6 group as compared to the G2 and G4, groups, respectively. The level of iNOS was significantly (p≤0.001) decreased by 35.41% in the G6 group as compared to the G4 group. Overall, the data suggested the anti-inflammatory potentials of the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along with preventive measure on the animal with respect to various inflammatory conditions that might be beneficial various types of systemic inflammatory disorders specially sepsis, trauma, septic shock or any types of injuries. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the inflammation-related disease progression and its complications/symptoms in the preventive Biofield Energy Treatment group per se group (G6) comparatively with the disease control group.

Exploration of Interactions between Pyridoxine HCl (Vitamin B6) and {Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide + Sodium Cholate (Trihydroxy Bile Salt)} Mixtures at T = (298.15 to 318.15) K: Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Approach

Exploration of Interactions between Pyridoxine HCl (Vitamin B₆) and {Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide + Sodium Cholate (Trihydroxy Bile Salt)} Mixtures at <i>T</i> = (298.15 to 318.15) K: Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Approach

Pyridoxine stimulates filaggrin production in human epidermal keratinocytes.

Pyridoxine (PN), one of the vitamers of vitamin B6, plays an important role in the maintenance of epidermal function and is used to treat acne and rough skin. Clinical studies have revealed that PN deficiency causes skin problems such as seborrheic dermatitis and stomatitis. However, the detailed effects of PN and its mechanism of action in epidermal function are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of PN on epidermal function in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and found that PN specifically causes an increase in the expression of profilaggrin mRNA, among marker genes of terminal epidermal differentiation. In addition, PN treatment caused an increase in the production of filaggrin protein in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with P2x purinoceptor antagonists, namely, pyridoxal phosphate-6-azo (benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid) tetrasodium salt hydrate and TNP-ATP hydrate, induced an increase in the filaggrin protein levels. Moreover, we showed that elevated filaggrin production induced upon PN treatment was suppressed by ATP (known as P2x purinoceptor agonist). This study is the first to report that PN causes an increase in filaggrin transcription and production, and these results suggest that PN-induced filaggrin production may be a useful target as a daily care component in atopic dermatitis, wherein filaggrin levels are specifically reduced.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation in Intestinal Tissues on Combination of Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in Sprague Dawley Rats

The study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se to the animals on Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model in Sprague Dawley rats. In this experiment, different antioxidants biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidase (LPO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) were analysed using ELISA assay in intestines. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin E, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), Panax ginseng extract, β-carotene, and cannabidiol isolate. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one section was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and three groups of animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The level of MPO was reduced by 21.16%, 15.9%, and 11.95% in the G5 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation); G7 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15); and G8 (Cecal Slurry, LPS and E. coli along with Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15) groups, respectively as compared to the disease control (G2) group. Moreover, the level of SOD was increased by 30.34% (p≤0.001), 10.30%, and 13.62% in the G5, G6, and G8 group as compared to the untreated test formulation (G4) group. The level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) end product in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly reduced by 23.58% (p≤0.001), 17.99% (p≤0.01), and 15.62% (p≤0.001) in the G5, G6, and G7 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. The level of TNF-α was decreased by 7.81% in the G5 group as compared to the G2 group. Moreover, the level of IL-6 was decreased by 38%, 40.4%, and 15.35% in the G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G4 group. Additionally, the level of MIP-2 was reduced by 40.35%, 60.29%, 49.33%, and 42.43% in the G5, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Overall, the data suggested the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along with preventive measure on the animal with respect to various inflammatory conditions that might be beneficial various types of systemic inflammatory disorders specially sepsis, trauma, septic shock or any types of injuries. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the inflammation-related disease progression and its complications/symptoms in the preventive Biofield Energy Treatment group per se and/or Biofield Energy Treated Test formulation groups (viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9) comparatively with the disease control group.

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Interaction and Transaldimination of Products of Condensation of Pyridoxal Hydrochloride with L-α-, D-α-, and β-Alanines

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Interaction and Transaldimination of Products of Condensation of Pyridoxal Hydrochloride with L-α-, D-α-, and β-Alanines

Effects of a Folic Acid 5 Mg Daily Intervention on Markers of Vitamin B Status and Kynurenine Pathway

BackgroundIn Brazil, most folic acid (FA) containing supplements contain 5 mg FA. This dose is usually prescribed for patients with chronic hemolytic anemia and for women planning pregnancy. The effects of high FA doses on vitamin B1, B2 and B6 status including the kynurenine pathway are still unclear.AimsTo assess the effects of a daily intervention with 5 mg FA in healthy subjects on vitamins B1, B2 and B6 serum marker status and serum concentration ok kynurenines.Material and MethodsThirty health subjects participated in a 5 mg/day FA intervention. Blood samples were obtained at baseline (D0) and after 45 (D45) and 90 days (D90) of intervention. We assessed serum concentrations of vitamin B6 (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal (PL) and 4-pyridoxic acid (PA)), vitamin B2 (riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide (FMN)) and vitamin B1 vitamers (thiamine and thiamine monophosphate (TMP)), as well as tryptophan, kynurenine and several metabolites of tryptophan catabolism in the kynurenine pathway (3-hydroxykynurenine (HK), kynurenic acid (KA), anthranilic acid (AA), xanthurenic acid (XA), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (HAA), picolinic acid (Pic) and quinolinic acid (QA)) using LC-MS/MS. PA ratio (PAr) was calculated by PA/(PLP + PL). All variables were normalized by Box-Cox transformation. Comparisons were performed by repeated-measures ANOVA.ResultsConcentrations of all vitamin B6 vitamers (PLP, PL and PA), as well as PAr, were similar at baseline and D45 and D90 of FA intervention. No differences were found among serum vitamin B2 vitamers (riboflavin and FMN) after FA intervention. However, a trend for a decrease in serum TMP concentrations was observed at D90 (P = 0.054). No changes in serum tryptophan and all serum kynurenine pathway metabolites were observed after intervention with FA compared with baseline, except for AA, which was higher at D45 and D90 than baseline (P < 0.001).ConclusionOur data suggest that daily use of 5 mg FA by healthy subjects may interfere with vitamin B1 status markers. In addition, serum AA increased with FA intervention, which suggest that the use of high dose FA supplements might affect the kynurenine pathway.Financing: FAPESP (2016/18854-4) and CNPq (401586/2014-6) DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

A novel, efficient and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of riboflavin (vitamin B2) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) in food and pharmacological samples using an electrochemical sensor based on 4,4′-diamino benzophenone

In this study, a method for the sensitive, rapid, efficient and simultaneous determination of the riboflavin (VB2) and pyridoxine (VB6) by voltammetry technique was developed. For this purpose, a novel electrochemical sensor (44-DABP/GC) based on GC electrode modified with 4,4′-diamino benzophenone was fabricated by the cyclic voltammetry. Best analytical performance was obtained in 0.1 M, pH 4.5 acetate buffer solution, with a scanning rate of 100mVs−1, a puls time of 10 ms, a scan increment of 10 mV and a pulse amplitude of 125 mV. 44-DABP/GC electrode exhibited good analytical performance for the determination of VB2 and VB6. Three linear ranges in wide concentration ranges for VB2 from 13 nM to 660 μM, and two linear ranges for VB6 from 15.7 μM to 2210 μM were obtained with the detection limit of 8.52 nM and 4.70 μM, respectively. Besides, repeatability, reproducibility and interference studies were performed. The proposed sensor was applied successfully in food and pharmacological samples.