Pylori-specific IgG Antibodies Research Articles

Relationship of Helicobacter Pylori Specific IgG Antibodies with Serum Magenisum and Serum Lipid Profile in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

Background: Helicobacter pylori are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of activegastritis and other upper mucosal lesions in chronic hemodialysis patient which thoughtto result in dyspeptic symptoms. Aim:The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patient on maintenance hemodialysis and to assess the probable association of serum lipid profile and serum magnesium with H. pylori infection in these patients. Material &Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with end stage renal disease who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis treatment.were enrolled in the present studya total number of 42 hemodialysis patients (24 male and 18 female), of the total number; 10 were diabetic and 32 were non diabetic. Demographic data including age, gender, duration of hemodialysis and clinical data including diabetes mellitus, upper gastrointestinal symptoms and laboratory measurements were obtained from related questionnaires. Venous blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of the following markers: serum magnesium, total cholesterol, triglyceride; high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Result & Conclusion: We conclude that there was no significant correlation between gender, age, duration of hemodialysis, DM, serum triglyceride, VLDL-C and magnesium and H. pylori infection in these patients.

Prevalence of asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori infection in Kerala, India

Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria found in many untreated water sources in developing countries. They colonize the luminal surface of gastric epithelium in about 50% of population. Though most infections are asymptomatic, they are the major microorganism causing duodenogastric ulcers, carcinoma of the gastric region and gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The serologic study to detect prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was done on healthy blood donors. The cross sectional study was done in a medical college hospital in the state of Kerala; India. The sample was collected from the donated blood. The serum was subjected to serological studies to detect Helicobacter pylori specific IgM and IgG antibodies. The results were noteworthy. A seroprevalence of 29.29% to Helicobacter pylori antibodies was detected in the study group. This is less than similar seroprevalence studies done in different parts of the world. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Seroprevalence, Blood donors, Asymptomatic.

Immunopathological and Modulatory Effects of Cag A+ Genotype on Gastric Mucosa, Inflammatory Response, Pepsinogens, and Gastrin-17 Secretion in Iraqi Patients infected with H. pylori.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the immunopathological correlation between Cag A+ H. pylori-specific IgG; pepsinogen I&II (PI&PII); gastrin-17 (G-17); status of gastric and duodenal mucosa and inflammatory activities on different gastroduodenal disorders.METHODOLOGY:Eighty gastroduodenal biopsies were taken from patients with gastroduodenal disorders for histopathological evaluation and H. pylori diagnosis. Serum samples were used for evaluation of gastric hormones and detection of H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies. The tissue expression of H. pylori Cag A gene was detected by in situ hybridisation.RESULTS:H. pylori IgG antibodies were detected in (88.8%) of enrolled patients. According to Cag A gene expression, Significant difference (P value ˂ 0.05) was detected in levels of PG I; PGII, PG I/PG II among patients with gastric disorders. Serum G-17 level was negatively correlated with Cag A gene expression (P-value = 0.04). There was a significant correlation between H. pylori IgG and PG I; PG II; G-17. The current study revealed that corpus atrophic gastritis was diagnosed histologically with (5%) gastric ulcer cases; (3.75%) of duodenal ulcer cases; (3.75%) of duodenitis cases; (1.25%) of gastropathy cases and (8.75%) of gastritis cases. At the same time H. pylori gastritis diagnosed concurrently with (8.75%) of gastric ulcer cases; (11.25%) of duodenal ulcer cases; (17.5%) of gastropathy cases; (3.75%) of duodenitis cases and (2.5%) of prepyloric ulcer cases. A significant correlation was reported between the Immunopathological status of gastric mucosa and endoscopic mucosal finding among duodenal ulcer cases and gastritis cases only. A positive correlation was reported between serum levels of PGI; PGII; PGI/PGII; G-17; PMNs grade and Immunopathological status of the gastroduodenal mucosa of H. pylori Infected patients. A significant difference was reported in lymphocyte grades among gastric disorders without correlation with immunohistopathological changes in the mucosa (P-value = 0.002). A significant difference was reported in lymphocyte grades among different disorders according to H. pylori IgG. A significant difference was reported in serum level of PG I; PG II; PG I/PG II; G-17 according to PMN and lymphocyte grades (P-value ˂ 0.01). PMNs grades positively correlated with gastric Cag A expression; H. pylori IgG; PG II; G-17 levels. PG I; PG I/ PG II correlated with lymphocyte grades (P-value ˂ 0.05); while PGII has a negative correlation (P-value = 0.039).CONCLUSION:Endoscopic mucosal finding does not reflect exactly the actual immunopathological changes of gastric mucosa during H. pylori infection. Secretion of gastrin was not affected by the presence of Cag A in gastric tissue. Instead, the fluctuation in the hormone level appears to be due to the presence of H. pylori infection in gastric tissue. Gastric tissue infiltration with PMNs & lymphocytes inflammatory infiltrates has a direct effect on PGs and gastrin levels in serum of infected patients. The level of PG I; PG II; G-17 secretion correlated with the development of immune response against H. pylori and production of specific H. pylori IgG. Finally, H. pylori can modulate gastric secretions through Cag A dependent and independent pathways.

Association of Helicobacter pylori specific IgG antibody with serum magnesium levels in peritoneal dialysis patients

Introduction: Few studies have reported the relationship between serum magnesium and Helicobacter pylori infection in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and patients receiving dialysis. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to test, the relationship between serum magnesium (Mg) level and H. pylori infection in CKD patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. Patients and methods: Around 40 patients were evaluated through the study. Serum magnesium levels and H. pylori specific IgG antibody levels were assessed. Results: The mean serum magnesium level was 3.00 ± 0.36 mg/dL. No significant difference was seen in serum Mg level between positive and negative groups of H. pylori. No correlations were reported between H. pylori IgG titers with age, serum Mg, Ca, P, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, albumin, urea, creatinine (Cr) and plasma hemoglobin (P>0.05). Conclusion: In this study no correlation between serum magnesium levels and H. pylori specific IgG antibody was detected. We believe that this is the first study evaluating the relationship between serum magnesium level and H. pylori infection in peritoneal dialysis patients. More and larger clinical investigations are required to consider the conflicting results of studies regarding the association of serum magnesium and H. pylori in patients undergoing dialysis.

Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with metabolic parameters and dietary habits among medical undergraduate students in southeastern of Iran.

Background:To date, there is still inconclusive evidence on the extra-gastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection. This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between H.pylori infection with metabolic syndrome and dietary habits among medical undergraduate students in south-eastern of Iran, Zahedan.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was done among 363 undergraduate students in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences during spring 2014. All subjects completed a questionnaire including demographic factors and dietary habits. Serum H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were measured after an overnight fast.Results:The seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was 45.7%. H. pylori-positive subjects had lower mean levels of TC and TG and higher levels of HDL-C compared to H. pylori-negative subjects. In addition, lower levels of LDL-C (P = 0.044) and FBS (P = 0.05) were observed among subjects with positive H pylori infection. Only rare consumption of raw vegetables (odds ratio [OR] =3.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.37–5.24) as well as higher levels of FBS (OR = 1.031, 95% CI = 1.001–1.99) were significantly associated with higher odds of H. pylori infection in both the univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis.Conclusion:In a small population of young students in southeastern of Iran, H. pylori infection was associated with low consumption of raw vegetables and higher serum blood glucose.

Improvement of Helicobacter pylori eradication efficacy at stomach and duodenum peptic ulcers

Aim of investigation. To estimate efficacy of the modified sequential therapy regimen of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication (with addition of bismuth tripotassium dicitrate) at treatment of peptic ulcer of the stomach (PUS) and duodenum (PUD) of severe and complicated course in the Russian population. Material and methods. Original study included overall 105 patients with PUS and PUD with severe and complicated course of disease. The main group received modified sequential therapy regimen, the comparison group - standard triple mode. All patients underwent quantitative serological test for H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies, stool test for H. pylori antigen, fibrogastroscopy with stomach mucosa (SM) biopsy and rapid urease test, microscopic examination of SM biopsy specimens, polymerase chain reaction for H. pylori DNA in SM biopsy specimens. Results. Efficacy of H. pylori eradication at modified sequential therapy was 95,8%, at standard, also combined with bismuthate tripotassium dicitrate, - 86,4%. After successful H. pylori eradication decrease of inflammatory activity of the stomach mucosa at less prominent decrease of mononuclear infiltration was noted, however the tendency for reduction of these features was more significant in patients at modified sequential regimen. Conclusions. Growth of H. pylori antibiotic resistance requires accumulation of the Russian data on efficacy of sequential therapy to increase eradication rate and prevent growth of macrolide resistance. Sequential therapy was proposed as a way to overcome resistance to clarithromycin. Sequential eradication therapy with inclusion of bismuth tripotassium dicitrate has shown advantage over standard triple therapy at severe and complicated forms of gastroduodenal peptic ulcers. Results of original study allow to recommend sequential eradication therapy in Russia. Key words: peptic ulcer, Helicobacter pylori, eradication, modified sequential therapy, bismuth tripotassium dicitrate.

Sero-prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among asymptomatic healthy Omani blood donors

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, a cross-sectional epidemiological study, based on the age and gender-specific seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies in asymptomatic healthy Omani blood donors attending the SQUH blood bank. MethodsAnalysis of the sera from 133 apparently healthy subjects, based on the serological determination of the IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies against H. pylori, was carried out using a commercially available kit ELISA (NovaLisa, NovaTec, Germany). While the presence of H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies is the marker for a “chronic” infection with this pathogen. Therefore, there was no indicator of the time of acquisition of the infection. However, the H. pylori-specific IgM antibody was a more specific marker for a recently acquired infection with H. pylori. ResultsOf the 133 subjects, there were 100 (74%) males and 33 (26%) females. The age range was 15 to 50 years with a mean of 25.75±3.75 years. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection in our study was 69.5%. The overall seroprevalence was found to be increased 69%-86% with age. Subjects between 15–20 years of age showed 71% seroprevalence, while those between 21–40 years showed gradual increase (63%-70%) with age and reached up to 87% in subjects between 41–50 years of age. A significant inverse association was found between sex and age groups. This is when each age group was examined individually; a higher positive percentage of H. pylori antibodies increasing with age was seen in males between 21–40 years of age group in comparison to the females of the same age group. Male subjects with age group between 21 to 40 years were found to have a significant seropositivity compared to the female subjects within the same group. This may reflect how frequent were the male subjects being exposed to the outer environment and their conduct than the females in this society like Oman. ConclusionsThe seropositivity of H. pylori is moderately higher between ages of 21 to 30 more than any other age group.

Impact of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism on the risk of gastric cancer and its interaction with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Attempts for early detection of gastric cancer have recently focused on host's genetic susceptibility factors and gene-environment interactions. We have, herein, studied the association of MTHFR C677T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and its interaction with Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, age and gender on the risk of gastric cancer among an Iranian population. Gastric cancer patients (n = 450) and cancer-free controls (n = 780) were studied for serum H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA and MTHFR C677T polymorphism (SNP) by PCR-RFLP. Demographic and life style data were collected through patient interviews. Unconditional logistic regression model estimated odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). The interactions of MTHFR genotype with H. pylori infection (P = 0.03), age (P = 0.049) and gender (P = 0.007) were statistically significant. Accordingly, MTHFR C677T carriers who were also positive for H. pylori infection exhibited 80% (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0-2.9) significant excess risk of non-cardia gastric cancer. Furthermore, subjects over the age of 50 or female subjects carrying MTHFR C677T SNP showed 40 (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0-2.0) and 100 (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2-3.2) percent increased risk of gastric cancer, respectively. MTHFR C677T SNP seems to increase the risk of gastric cancer and the effect is significantly inflated by interactions with H. pylori infection, age and gender.

Discovery of Helicobacter pylori in gallbladder

Helicobacter pylori, a gramnegative and microaerophilic organism, is transmitted from person-to-person through the feco-oral route and colonizes the stomach. The organism persists in the healthy host in equilibrium, which is disturbed at times, leading to formation of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Presence of H. pylori in the biliary tree of a small proportion of individuals has led to the conjecture that it is a potential cause of gallbladder disease. The exact pathway of how the organism reaches the gallbladder is unclear. It could reach the gallbladder directly from the stomach or through the portal blood circulation. In contrast to the stomach, colonization of the gallbladder is unlikely due to the alkaline pH of bile, H. pylori being known to thrive at the low pH of gastric juice. Thereare several tests to confirm presence ofH. pyloriin the stomach. These include rapid urease test, and demonstration of the bacterium on histology and culture of gastric biopsy, and positive urea breath ( 13 Co r 14 C) test. Molecular tests identify the genes of H. pylori in the tissue. Immunological evidence of H. pyloriinfection is provided by presence ofH. pylori-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in the blood. Similar tests can be used to demonstrate H. pylori in gallbladder and bile. Demonstration of H. pylori in gallbladder has been attempted directly by culture of gallbladder, bile or gallbladder mucosal scrappings or demonstration of the bacillus on histology of gallbladder. Demonstration of Helicobacter in

The Effect of Helicobacter Pylori and Economic Status on Growth Parameters and Leptin, Ghrelin, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I Concentrations in Children

It was suggested that gastric colonization with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was associated with suboptimal nutrition and growth in childhood. Furthermore, several studies indicated a relationship between H. pylori colonization and alterations in the circulating levels of growth-related molecules (GRM). Accordingly, in this study, we investigate the effect of H. pylori infection on GRMs and on the growth of healthy school children, taking into consideration the effect of their economic status (ES) and anthropometric indices of their parents. To acquire sociodemographic and anthropometric nutritional parameters and to detect H. pylori-specific serum IgG antibodies and growth-related molecules, we evaluated a total of 473 children attending four different primary and secondary schools in Istanbul. Subsequently, we assessed the effect of H. pylori on growth-related parameters (weight for age SDS, height for age SDS, BMI SDS, TSF, and waist-to-hip ratio) and on GRMs (leptin, ghrelin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)), controlling for age, gender, family income, household crowding (HC), breastfeeding, maternal and paternal BMI SDS, and midparental height SDS with complex statistical models. Of the 473 children (275 F/198 M, age 6-15 years; mean: 10.3 ± 0.1 years), 161 (34%) were H. pylori-positive. The prevalence of H. pylori was significantly higher in lower economic status (ES) groups, in children living in crowded houses, and in older age groups. Using simple statistical models, we did not find any significant associations between H. pylori infection and the growth parameters. However, in complex models for height for age SDS and for weight for age SDS, there was a significant interaction between H. pylori infection status and ES. Whereas in H. pylori-positive subjects, mid-income family children were both taller and heavier than the low-income group, there was no such an association in H. pylori-negative subjects. Among biochemical parameters, only ghrelin levels were associated with H. pylori infection in all models. Leptin levels were associated with HC in girls, whereas none of the parameters was significantly associated with leptin levels in boys. For IGF-1 levels, for boys, age and maternal BMI, and for girls, age and HC were significantly associated with IGF-1 levels. We suggest that H. pylori may impair growth significantly only in susceptible children where unfavorable socioeconomic conditions facilitate its action, probably through mechanisms, at least in part, involving growth-related molecules.

Sublingual Immunization Protects against Helicobacter pylori Infection and Induces T and B Cell Responses in the Stomach

Sublingual (SL) immunization has been described as an effective novel way to induce mucosal immune responses in the respiratory and genital tracts. We examined the potential of SL immunization against Helicobacter pylori to stimulate immune responses in the gastrointestinal mucosa and protect against H. pylori infection. Mice received two SL immunizations with H. pylori lysate antigens and cholera toxin as an adjuvant, and after challenge with live H. pylori bacteria, their immune responses and protection were evaluated, as were immune responses prior to challenge. SL immunization induced enhanced proliferative responses to H. pylori antigens in cervicomandibular lymph nodes and provided at least the same level of immune responses and protection as corresponding intragastric immunization. Protection in SL-immunized mice was associated with strong H. pylori-specific serum IgG and IgA antibody responses in the stomach and intestine, with strong proliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) production by spleen and mesenteric lymph node T cells stimulated with H. pylori antigens in vitro, and with increased IFN-γ and IL-17 gene expression in the stomach compared to levels in infected unimmunized mice. Immunohistochemical studies showed enhanced infiltration of CD4(+) T cells and CD19(+) B cells into the H. pylori-infected stomach mucosa of SL-immunized but not unimmunized H. pylori-infected mice, which coincided with increased expression of the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM-1) and T and B cell-attracting chemokines CXCL10 and CCL28. We conclude that, in mice, SL immunization can effectively induce protection against H. pylori infection in association with strong T and B cell infiltration into the stomach.

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with decreased serum levels of high density lipoprotein, but not with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis

ObjectiveThe objective of this survey was to study the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.MethodsThe study population consisted of 961 consecutive patients (711 males and 250 females) who underwent coronary angiography for suspected or known coronary atherosclerosis. The patients' body mass index, blood pressure, the blood lipid, blood glucose, leukocyte count (109/L), neutrophil count (109/L), and Helicobacter pylori-specific IgG antibodies were performed. Coronary angiograms were scored according to vessel score and Gensini's score.ResultsA significant association between H. pylori infection and coronary atherosclerosis as well as its severity was not find in this cross section study (p = 0.858). And, the level distribution of vessel score (p = 0.906) and Gensini's score (p = 0.905) were similar in the seropositivity group and seronegativity group of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, the level of fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) (p = 0.013) was significantly lower in the seropositivity group than that in the seronegativity group of Helicobacter pylori infection.ConclusionsIn conclusion, in the present study, a significantly correlation between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and angiographically evaluated severity of atherosclerosis was not find. And, the present study showed a good correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and decreased HDL cholesterol. However, the exact mechanisms need further study.

Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Helicobacter Pylori Antibody in Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aim: A prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study was car- ried out to examine the levels of anti-H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of AD patients, compared with those of age-matched cognitively normal controls. Patients: CSF was aspirated from 27 AD patients and 27 age-matched cognitively normal patients with prostate hyperplasia or long-bone fractures necessitating surgery after epidural anesthesia. Serum samples were obtained from AD patients and the day before surgery from controls. Methods: CSF and serum anti-H. pylori IgG concentrations were measured by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean concentration of anti-H. pylori-specific IgG was significantly greater in (a) the CSF of AD patients (10.53 ± 12.54 U/mL) than in controls (8.63 ± 8.01 U/mL, p = 0.047), and (b) the serum of AD patients (30.44 ± 33.94 U/mL) than in controls (16.24 ± 5.77 U/mL, p = 0.041). CSF anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies correlated with the degree of severity of the disease. Conclusion: H. pylori-specific IgG antibody levels are significantly increased in CSF and serum of AD; its titer in CSF might reflect the AD severity, thereby supporting a role for this common infection in the pathobiology of the disease.

Helicobacter pylori IgG Antibodies in Aqueous Humor and Serum of Subjects With Primary Open Angle and Pseudo-exfoliation Glaucoma in a South Indian Population

A prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study was carried out to investigate levels of anti-Helicobacter pylori-specific IgG antibodies in the aqueous humor and serum of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), exfoliation syndrome [pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma (PXFG)], and with normotensive cataract patients, who served as controls. Aqueous humor was aspirated at the beginning of glaucoma surgery from 50 eyes of 50 patients with POAG, with PXFG and at the beginning of phacoemulsification cataract surgery from controls. Serum samples were obtained. Anti-H. pylori IgG concentration in the aqueous humor and serum was measured by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Serum analysis of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies revealed statistically significant difference between POAG and PXFG (52.26+/-52.51 vs. 25.22+/-35.27, P=0.01). Also, the difference between POAG and controls was statistically significant (54.05+/-55.04 vs. 33.83+/-41.73, P=0.04). However, on comparing PXFG with the control group, the difference was statistically insignificant (P=0.12). The mean concentration of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies in aqueous humor of patients in POAG and controls were not statistically different (3.93+/-5.14 vs. 2.65+/-2.87, respectively, P=0.73). The mean concentration of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies in aqueous humor of patients in PXFG and controls were not statistically different (8.87+/-30.25 vs. 2.65+/-2.87, respectively, P=0.83). There was also no statistical difference of IgG levels between POAG and PXFG (3.93+/-5.14 vs. 8.87+/-30.25, respectively, P=0.87). The levels of anti-H. pylori IgG titers in sera of individuals with POAG were significantly higher compared with PXFG and control groups. We support the hypothesis of the role of anti-H. pylori antibodies in causative mechanism for POAG. We could not find a significant link between the anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies and the PXFG.

Comparison of mucosal B- and T-cell responses inHelicobacter pylori-infected subjects in a developing and a developed country

Helicobacter pylori is highly endemic in developing countries, but comparatively little is known about mucosal immune responses to H. pylori in these settings. Therefore, we have compared B- and T-cell responses, with a focus on the gastrointestinal mucosa, in H. pylori-infected adults in a developing (Bangladesh) and a developed (Sweden) country. We found comparable numbers of CD19(+) B cells and CD4 (+)T cells and similar levels of H. pylori-specific IgA antibodies in gastric mucosa from Bangladeshi and Swedish volunteers. However, about threefold higher numbers of CD19(+) B cells and 12-fold increased levels of H. pylori-specific IgA antibodies were found in the duodenum of Bangladeshi subjects. The gastric and duodenal immune responses in Bangladeshi asymptomatic carriers and duodenal ulcer patients were comparable. Bangladeshi subjects had about twofold lower titers of H. pylori-specific IgA and IgG antibodies in the circulation compared with Swedish volunteers. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Bangladeshi individuals have comparable gastric immune responses, but lower systemic antibody responses to H. pylori, compared with Swedish volunteers. Increased inflammation is present in the duodenum of Bangladeshi volunteers, maybe as a result of frequent exposure to enteric infections in these individuals.

The Adjuvant Effect of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Linked to the Non‐Toxic B Subunit of Cholera Toxin for Induction of Immunity Against H. pylori in Mice

The present study was carried out to test the immunostimulatory and adjuvant effects of the non-toxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB), CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and CpG ODN linked to CTB (CTB-CpG) for generation of immunity against H. pylori in mice. Herein, we showed that CTB-CpG induces more potent proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses in the cervical and the mesenteric lymph nodes (CLN and MLN, respectively) cells in vitro compared with those of CTB and CpG ODN. The adjuvant effects of these agents were examined following intranasal immunization of C57Bl/6 mice with H. pylori lysate in combination with CpG ODN, CTB or CTB-CpG. All three immunization regimes resulted in high H. pylori-specific IgG antibody responses; however, only the CTB-CpG and, to some extent, the CpG ODN immunized mice mounted a sustainable IgG2c antibody response. Importantly, mice immunized with H. pylori antigen and CTB-CpG or CpG ODN, but not CTB, developed strong H. pylori-specific proliferative and IFN-gamma responses in their MLN CD4+ T cells upon recall antigen stimulation in vitro. These mice also had significantly lower bacterial load compared with the control-infected mice. Furthermore, the CTB-CpG and the CpG ODN immunized mice developed increased specific IgA antibody responses in their gastrointestinal tracts following H. pylori challenge. These results imply that CTB-CpG and CpG ODN, but not CTB, could serve as nasal adjuvants for induction of a H. pylori-specific Th1 type immunity in MLN and also a specific mucosal IgA antibody response in the gastrointestinal tract upon H. pylori challenge.

Helicobacter pylori, Anemia, and Iron Deficiency

Attempts to understand determinants of anemia and iron deficiency have led researchers to examine the role of Helicobacter pylori infection. The current study assessed determinants of anemia and iron deficiency, including H. pylori, in Alaska Native children. In 1999, a population-based survey was conducted among 86 children (67% response rate), mean age of 43.7 months (standard deviation = 16.8 months). Samples of breath, stool, and venous blood were obtained from children for measures of anemia, iron deficiency, H. pylori, fecal blood loss, and current inflammation. Standardized interviews with parents provided information on demographics, illness, and intake of dietary iron, iron-absorption inhibitors, and enhancers. Of the 86 children studied, 17.4% were anemic and 38.6% were iron deficient. Forty-one percent of the cohort had H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies, 86% tested positive by the urea breath test (UBT), and 80% tested positive by the stool antigen test. Presence of H. pylori antibodies emerged as a significant risk factor for anemia and iron deficiency in adjusted analyses controlling for demographic factors, current inflammation, and antibiotic use. In contrast, children with positive UBT or stool antigen results were significantly less likely to have anemia or iron deficiency than those with negative results. Results from different measures of H. pylori may reflect different stages of infection. Relationships between H. pylori and anemia/iron deficiency may depend on the phase of infection measured, with serologic tests reflecting established H. pylori infection associated with anemia/iron deficiency, and UBT and stool antigen results reflecting an earlier stage of infection.

Aggravation of Anemia by Helico Bacter Pylori Infection in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

To elucidate whether and how in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), infection of H. pylori intensifies the anemia, a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 39 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis treatment who had various upper gastrointestinal complaints consisting of epigastric pain, epigastric burning, postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating and belching. Mean ages of patients were 46(±18) years. The dialysis duration was 30±(35) months (median: 18 months). Mean±SD of hemoglobin and hematocrit level of all patients were 9±2 g/dl and 28±6. The value of serum helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) specific IgG antibody titers of all patients was 7.6 (±9.9)u/ml (median:2 u/ml). In this study non significant difference of H. Pylori-IgG antibody level between males and females or diabetic and non-diabetic hemodialysis patients were seen, and a significant inverse correlation of H. Pylori-IgG antibody level with serum hemoglobin and hematocrit in male hemodialysis patients and a significant inverse correlation of H. Pylori-IgG antibody level with serum iron were found. Also non significant correlation of serum H. Pylori-IgG antibody level with Hgb, Hct and serum iron in all patients, female, non diabetics and diabetic HD groups were found. In hemodialysis patients an inverse correlation between H. pylori infection with hemoglobin and hematocrit level as well as with serum iron, implies more attention to H. pylori infection in these patients and aggravation of anemia with H. pylori infection needs aggressive treatment of H. pylori infection in these patients. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.

Correlation of Serum Leptin with Circulating Anti-Helico Bacter Pylori IgG Antibodies in End-Stage Renal Failure Patients on Regular Hemodialysis

Leptin is synthesized mainly by the adipose tissue. Leptin also is detected in gastric chief cells. To consider the association of serum leptin with helicobacter pylori- IgG antibodies as parameters of nutritional status, on a group of hemodialysis patients, serum Leptin and serum helicobacter pylori specific IgG (H. Pylori-IgG) antibody titer were measured. Total patients were 36. In all patients there were a significant positive correlation of serum leptin with BMI and a near significant positive correlation of serum leptin with age. In the diabetic HD group a significant inverse correlation of helicobacter pylori IgG antibody titer and serum leptin was seen. This is the first report of the association of serum leptin with pylori-IgG antibodies in hemodialysis patients which may explain nutritional problems that is frequently seen in diabetic hemodialysis patients .More research is needed regarding the clinical consequences of this association.

Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between Helicobacter pylori infection and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP). Of 17 consecutive patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), 13 patients (six females; mean age 50 +/- 24 years) with AIDP were investigated. Clinical status was evaluated according to Hughes' score, and electrophysiological tests were performed within 2 weeks from disease onset. Helicobacter pylori infection was detected histologically and serum H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies were analysed by ELISA. Twenty asymptomatic patients (12 females; mean age 63 +/- 8 years), undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for investigation of mild iron deficiency anaemia, served as controls. Helicobacter pylori was found in 12 of 13 AIDP patients (92%), and in 10 of 20 controls (50%), (P = 0.02). Electrophysiological studies showed demyelination in all AIDP patients. High levels of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies correlated with advanced clinical status. Five of seven AIDP patients with high levels of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies had delayed F-wave latencies, indicating affection of proximal segments of peripheral nerves. Helicobacter pylori infection seems to be more frequent in AIDP patients. Anti-H. pylori titre might reflect advanced clinical status. Anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies are also associated with involvement of the proximal parts of peripheral nerves in AIDP.