Juice Purity Research Articles

Effect of planting densities by the practice of twin rows on the agronomic and technological parameters of sugar cane in rainfed cultivation

With the aim of improving sugar cane productivity under rainfed conditions, a study of the effect of planting densities using paired rows on sugar cane yield parameters was carried out at the CNRA Ferkéssédougou station in northern Côte d'Ivoire. The experimental design used was a Fischer block, comprising three repetitions of six treatments, designated T1 to T6. The results revealed that treatments T1 and T2 improved cane yields, reaching 149±18.04 and 157±44.55 t/ha, respectively. Similarly, an increase in the number of usable stems per hectare of 207,726 ± 13144.44 and 216,468 ± 70412.15 was noted for treatments T1 and T2 respectively. Furthermore, the T6 treatment improved the technological parameters (Brix (22.4 ± 0.86 %); Fibre content (16.8 ± 0.11 %); Pol (19.4 ± 0.81 %) ; Purity of juice (86.7 ± 1.09 %) ; Saccharin content (14.9 ± 0.62 %); Extractable sugar (10.5 ± 0.52 %)). The study also identified three promising planting densities for village cane :1.1m and 1.3m row spacing at 0.4m and 1.3m row spacing at 0.5m. In conclusion, the cultural practice of density in twin rows in sugar cane plantations in rainfed conditions allows an increase in agronomic and technological parameters. This cultivation practice could contribute to an increase in yield or even a substantial increase in sugar production.

Bacillus velezensis YC89-mediated recruitment of rhizosphere bacteria improves resistance against sugarcane red rot

BackgroundSugarcane red rot is a soil-borne disease caused by Colletotrichum falcatum. It can reduce the yield of sugarcane and the purity of sugarcane juice, which seriously restricts the development of sucrose industry. Biocontrol bacteria can control diseases by regulating rhizosphere microecology. In this study, the effects of biocontrol bacteria on sugarcane rhizosphere microecology were studied by metagenomics and metabolomics, and the control effects of biocontrol bacteria and rhizosphere dominant bacteria on sugarcane red rot were further explored by pot experiment.ResultsThe results of metagenomic sequencing showed that inoculation with B. velezensis YC89 and pathogens could significantly change the microbial diversity of the sugarcane rhizosphere. The relative abundance of beneficial strains such as Streptomyces, Burkholderia, Sphingomonas, and Rhizobium increased significantly in the rhizosphere of sugarcane in the YC treatment group. Pseudomonas was significantly enriched in the rhizosphere of sugarcane in the C treatment group. The results of metabolome sequencing showed that the content of amino acids in sugarcane root exudates increased after inoculation with B. velezensis YC89, and the contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids decreased. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between differential metabolites and rhizosphere microorganisms. The results of pot experiment showed that YC89 strain and three rhizosphere microorganisms could significantly reduce the disease index of red rot and promote the growth of sugarcane plants. In addition, these strains can also significantly increase the JA and SA content of sugarcane leaves and induce plant system resistance-related enzyme activities. Among them, the synthetic community treatment group had the best biocontrol effect on red rot, and its relative control effect was 67.50%.ConclusionsTherefore, we conclude that B. velezensis YC89 could recruit beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms to enrich the rhizosphere and change the content of some phenolic acids and flavonoids in the root exudates. In addition, the isolated rhizosphere dominant bacteria and YC89 strain can resist red rot by inducing plant systemic resistance and promote the growth of sugarcane plants. This study provides a theoretical basis for the use of biocontrol bacteria to regulate rhizosphere bacteria to jointly control plant soil-borne diseases.Graphical

Combatting Sugar Beet Root Rot: Streptomyces Strains' Efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum.

Sugar beet root rot disease triggered by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-betae is a destructive disease and dramatically affects the production and quality of the sugar beet industry. Employing beneficial microorganisms as a biocontrol strategy represents an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to combat various plant diseases. The distinct aspect of this study was to assess the antifungal and plant growth-promoting capabilities of recently isolated Streptomyces to treat sugar beet plants against infection with the phytopathogen F. oxysporum. Thirty-seven actinobacterial isolates were recovered from the rhizosphere of healthy sugar beet plants and screened for their potential to antagonize F. oxysporum in vitro. Two isolates SB3-15 and SB2-23 that displayed higher antagonistic effects were morphologically and molecularly identified as Streptomyces spp. Seed treatment with the fermentation broth of the selected Streptomyces strains SB3-15 and SB2-23 significantly reduced disease severity compared to the infected control in a greenhouse experiment. Streptomyces SB2-23 exhibited the highest protective activity with high efficacy ranging from 91.06 to 94.77% compared to chemical fungicide (86.44 to 92.36%). Furthermore, strain SB2-23 significantly increased plant weight, root weight, root length, and diameter. Likewise, it improves sucrose percentage and juice purity. As a consequence, the strain SB2-23's intriguing biocontrol capability and sugar beet root growth stimulation present promising prospects for its utilization in both plant protection and enhancement strategies.

Adaptability of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) clones, introduced by exchange to southeastern Mexico.

Objective: To evaluate sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) clones in the adaptability phase and select those with high field and factory yields that significantly exceed the commercial control clones.Design/Methodology/Approach: Fourteen sugarcane clones were evaluated in a crop established for the first time and to which no cut has been made. The experimental design consisted of randomized complete blocks with four repetitions. The following agricultural characteristics were evaluated: stalk weight, population, and yield. The following industrial characteristics were likewise assessed: sucrose content, juice purity, and theoretical sugar production. Both values were compared with the values of the local clones MEX 69-290 and CP 72-2086 that were used as control.Results: Statistical differences were found in agricultural and industrial characteristics between clones. In terms of stalk weight, the LTMEX 94-02 clone stood out, while, in population terms, the Mex 95-35 clone recorded the highestnumber of stalks per ha. Regarding field yield, the COLPOSCTMEX 09-1433 clone obtained significantly higher tonnage per hectare than the two control clones. Among the factory characteristics, the MEX 96-10 clone stood out with a significantly higher concentration of sucrose and with the highest juice purity. Finally, the COLPOSCTMEX 09-1433 clone had the highest theoretical sugar production value, which was statistically superior to the two control clones.Study Limitations/Implications: The data were obtained from a crop establishedfor the first time.Findings/Conclusions: At least four clones showed high field and factory yields: COLPOSCTMEX 09-1433, LTMEX 94-02, MEX 95-59, and MOTZMEX 00-1192. All four showed a field performance that had better statistics than the control MEX 69-290; therefore, it would be appropriate to pursue its evaluation and multiplication during the semi-commercial test phase. However, since they were introduced, their evaluation should continue under the environmental conditions of the region.

Production components of agroindustrial interest of sugarcane varieties under subsurface drip irrigation in semiarid conditions

The identification of promising commercial varieties for irrigated crops in semiarid conditions based on characters of interest to sugarcane agro-industries is important, considering the search for high sugarcane yields to obtain sustainable crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate production components of agroindustrial interest of different sugarcane varieties grown under subsurface drip irrigation in the Semiarid region of Brazil, during two crop cycles. A randomized block experimental design was used, in an 8×2 factorial arrangement (varieties and cycles) with three replications. The sugarcane juice quality, sugar yield, and culm yield were evaluated in each cycle. Gross sugar percentage, sugarcane culm yield, juice apparent sucrose content, and juice purity were affected by the crop cycles. Soluble solids content presented strong significant correlation with most variables of agroindustrial interest. The path coefficient analysis showed that juice apparent sucrose content was the explanatory character with higher direct effect on soluble solids and that this variable presented high indirect effects on most explanatory variables. The sugarcane varieties RB72454 and Q124 are recommended for production managements with drip irrigation under semiarid conditions. Soluble solids content can be used as an alternative for direct selection of varieties with higher sugar yields in different cycles.

Investigation of yield and quality parameters of some sugar beet varieties in Muş ecological conditions

In plant production, determining the suitable varieties suitable for the location and choosing the varieties with the best performance are among the top priorities. Biplot analysis has become widespread in recent years as an important statistical technique for plant breeders and those working in agricultural research. This study was carried out according to Randomized Complete Block Design with 18 upcountry and 2 abroad registered varieties in Muş location in 2022 year. Yield and quality components were investigated. According to the results of variance analysis, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences at the level of 1% among the varieties in terms of all the traits examined. According to the average data obtained in the study; bifurcation varied between (%) 5.4-17.8, leaf yield 13.54-24.28 t ha-1, root yield 73.42-93.57 t ha-1, biological yield 90.29-118.26 t ha-1, sugar content (%) 16.2-19.0, plant juice purity 82.39- 88.10%, dry matter (%) 16.4-20.1, α-amino N (mg 100g-1) 0.0405-0.0498 and ash (%) varied between 2.49-3.35. According to the results of the research, in terms of root yield, G10 no and G14 no varieties came to the fore in terms of the most stable and examined traits. G12 no variety came to the fore in terms of sugar yield and G19 no variety in terms of sugar content. When the average data of all examined traits are evaluated together, G10, G11 and G14 no varieties are considered as the most stable varieties. However, varieties with high root yield, sugar content and sugar yield are the primary preferences of growers in sugar beet production. When all the data of the varieties used in the research are evaluated together; G2, G4, G8, G10, G11, G12, G14, G15 and G19 no varieties can be recommended for Muş ecological conditions. However, it was concluded that the study should be carried out in the following years for more decisive recommendations.

Challenges with very long beet campaigns

The 2021 beet campaign in Zeitz, Germany, was the longest in the sugar factory’s history at 177 days, while the 2022 campaign was 144 days. Both campaigns faced challenges with beet storage and supply, as well as climatic conditions causing damage to harvested beets. These challenges resulted in a reduction in the purity and pH value of the raw juice, and increased lime salts and turbidity in the thin and thick juice. Südzucker AG, to which the Zeitz factory belongs, implemented several measures, including technological adjustments, the use of dextranase, increased washing cycles, and filter sleeve changes. The high juice volumes from the campaigns led to year-round sugar production but also required blending lower quality juices with good quality ones. The long production periods resulted in short shutdowns used for maintenance and investment measures.

Attributes of an excellent cane sugar factory

Exposure to sugar cane operations around the world has led to conclusions about what distinguishes an excellent operation from an average or mediocre one. This article evaluates the hallmarks of a mill that lead to efficient performance, from cane harvesting through the individual unit operations to the production of sugar, ethanol and energy. The process of cane harvesting and transport impacts the juice purity, which has a major impact on sugar recovery. Conditions in processing affect losses and color formation and the aim is to minimize temperatures and residence times in the process steps, while also minimizing the opportunities for any micro-biological losses. High massecuite exhaustions in the pan house are vital in this respect and affect steam requirements due to lower recycling in the pan house. The requirements for maximum export power include reducing process steam usage and low processing energy requirements.

Agronomic and biochemical attributes and economic indices of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) in saline vis-a-vis non-saline soils

The study evaluated the yield and biochemical attributes of eight sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivars (CoPb-18211, CoPb-18212, CoPb-18213, CoPb-18214, CoPb-19211, CoPb-19212, CoPb-19213 and CoPb-19214) in saline and non-saline soils during 2019–20 at Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab farms at village-Ruldu Singh Wala (Bathinda) and at village-Ratta Khera (Sri Muktsar Sahib). Soil salinity significantly (P<0.05) decreased the plant height (by ~66.6%), tillers/plant (~36%), cane diameter at ground surface (~79.8%) and diameter at breast height (~93.1%) than the non-saline soil. Soil salinity significantly decreased the TSS content in juice (by ~7.1%), sucrose (~55.6%) and titratable acidity (~11.0%) than the non-saline soil. Juice purity showed large variation in saline soils (37.9-98.7%) than the non-saline soil (88.9–96.4%), and was significantly lowest for CoPb-18213, and highest for CoPb-18214. Sugar recovery was decreased by ~21.4% in saline soil. Average gross returns were significantly higher for CoPb-19211, compared with the others. Mean economic efficiency of 7.78 US$/ha/d for saline and 9.13 US/ha/d showed ~17.2% increase for non-saline soil.

РОЗРОБКА БУФЕРІВ ДАНИХ НА ПРОГРАМОВАНИХ ЛОГІЧНИХ ІНТЕГРАЛЬНИХ СХЕМАХ

The need to intensify the extraction process using the influence of chemical reagents on beet chips was substantiated. The analysis of appli-cation of natural sorbents in food production technologies was carried out. The physical and chemical properties of zeolite were explored. The indicators that make it possible to apply natural zeolite for additional treatment of water and juices in sugar production were shown. The effectiveness of the use of natural zeolite for feed water treat-ment with the view to enhancing the technological quality of diffusive juice was determined. Experimental research revealed that feed water treatment with zeolite decreases the content of total iron, ammonium, and permanganate oxidation indicator. It was proved that microbial seeding of feed water and diffusive juice decreases in case of treatment with zeolite. It was established experimentally that the purification of diffu-sion juice occurs during zeolite application for feed water treatment. We determined the effectiveness of removal of macromolecular compounds, including dextran, from diffusive juice obtained during processing sugar beets of various technological quality with natural zeolite. It was shown that at the zeolite consumption of 0.1...0.4 % to the weight of beets, the content of high-molecular compounds and pectic substances in diffusive juice decreases by 30–40 %, and the content of dextran – by 20–40 %, respectively. During the zeolite treatment, an enhancement of the quality of purified juice and improvement of filtration and saturation proper-ties of defeco-saturated precipitate are observed. Thus, the average rate of sedimentation of the precipitate of juice of І carbonation S5 m, when using zeolite for feed water preparation increases by 10–50 % for the beet different technological quality. In the course of research, we designed the technique of zeolite application, which ensures a decrease in coloration, an increase in the purity of the cleared juice, enhancement of filtration and sedimentation properties of the precipitate of juice of I carbon-ation. High effectiveness of the proposed method is pronounced in processing raw materials of lowered quality. Thus, there are some grounds to claim the effectiveness of zeolite application to enhance the quality of diffusion juice and products in sugar production. Keywords: diffusion juice, dextran, sucrose extraction, purification of diffusion juice, zeolite.

ASSESSMENT OF ADVANTAGES OF USING A DIFFUSION PULSATING APPARATUS FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DIFFUSION SECTION OF A SUGAR FACTORY

The sugar industry in Russia plays a huge role in ensuring the country’s food security and is a strategic industry. Of the 90 sugar factories in Russia today, a third of the factories are closed due to unprofitability associated with the high cost of sugar production due to low feed capacity. The raw material for sugar production is sugar beet, mainly domestically produced. The locations of most sugar factories are small municipalities, for which they are the town-forming enterprises. For the revival of closed sugar factories, it is necessary to increase their capacity, which is difficult to do due to the fact that in the diffusion section of each sugar factory there is one large-sized imported diffusion apparatus of a mechanical type, which does not allow increasing capacity in any other way than purchasing a new, more high-performance expensive imported diffusion apparatus of a mechanical type. In the current conditions of uncertainty and disruption of trade relations with other countries, new suppliers of high-performance diffusion apparatus are needed in Russia itself, the apparatus of which would at least not be inferior to the Western apparatus. The Russian company Ingehim has developed a diffusion pulsating apparatus (DPA) without mechanical movable transporting devices, which reduces energy consumption, operating costs and lowers quality requirements for sugar beet chips. The test results obtained using an experimental unit showed a higher quality of the diffusion juice. The lightness of the juice was found to be much higher compared to juices produced in conventional diffusion apparatus, and the juice purity was found to be 5% higher at a comparable solids content, resulting in an additional amount of sugar produced per year, allowing for a faster return on investment.

THE EFFECT OF SULFITATION TREATMENT OF BEET-SUGAR PRODUCTION SEMI-PRODUCTS ON THE PROCESS OF INTENSIVELY COLORED HIGH MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS INHIBITION

Studies have been carried out to identify the effect of sulfitation treatment of sugar-beet processing semi-products on their color when it is carried out at one or several processing stages, as well as in its complete absence. At the first stage, the influence of the process of sulfitation treatment of the extractant and thin juice on the color of the thin juice and thick juice obtained from the thin juice by evaporation was studied. It was established that the sulfitation treatment of only the extractant provided a decrease in the color of the thick juice by 9.21%, while the sulfitation treatment of only thin juice – by 55.00%, and the sulfitation treatment of extractant and thin juice – by 58.16%. In addition, an increase in the purity of the thick juice by 0.45% due to the sulfitation treatment of the extractant and thin juice reduced the sucrose content in molasses by 0.11% and, consequently, reduced the overall loss of sugar in production. At the second stage, the effect of sulfitation treatment of a B+C remelt syrups with the use of sulfur dioxide and sodium bisulfite was studied. It was established that the amount of blocked aldehyde and ketone groups when thick juice was treated with sulfur dioxide was higher than when treated with sodium bisulfite due to the divalent anion SO 3 2– , and not the monovalent HSO 3– . At the third stage, under production conditions, the effect of sulfitation treatment of massecuite I on the boiling time and color of white sugar was studied. It was established that the average value of the color of white sugar in the presence of sulfitation treatment of massecuite I was 0.44 ICUMSA units, while without treatment – 0.50 ICUMSA units, i.e. under production conditions, the sulfitation treatment of massecuite A made it possible to reduce the color of the finished product – white sugar by 12.0%.

Technological improvement of the Sorghum saccharatum syrup production by membrane technologies

Easy-to-handle and effective methods of juice clarification and concentration by membrane technologies are still under exploration. The current article presents results of research on the technological development of an alternative natural sweetener of high biological value and improved organoleptic properties. Sorghum saccharatum stem juice is used in research. It is pre-clarified enzymatically with α-amylase and glucoamylase, clarified by ultrafiltration, and concentrated by the direct contact membrane distillation in various temperature ranges. The study shows the efficacy of membrane methods for improving juice purity, total soluble solids ( TSS), and total sugar (TS) content in the syrup obtained. Clarification depends on membrane characteristics at the beginning of the process, as there are no differences at the end of it. Juice concentration at high-temperature differences allows to accelerate the process by approx. 60% comparing to low-temperature differences. A lower temperature difference ( ΔТ = 20–30°С) in the concentration process results in a longer process and syrup acidisation, whereas a higher temperature difference ( ΔТ = 70°С) affects physicochemical properties of syrup due to local overheating and formation of Maillard reaction products. The juice concentration at ΔТ = 50–60°С allows to obtain high values of total soluble solids without significant degradation of physicochemical and organoleptic properties.

A Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulant Mitigates Drought Stress in Sugarcane.

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses responsible for reduced crop yields. Drought stress induces morphological and physiological changes in plants and severely impacts plant metabolism due to cellular oxidative stress, even in C4 crops, such as sugarcane. Seaweed extract-based biostimulants can mitigate negative plant responses caused by drought stress. However, the effects of foliar application of such biostimulants on sugarcane exposed to drought stress, particularly on plant metabolism, stalk and sugar yields, juice purity, and sugarcane technological quality, have received little attention. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar application of a seaweed extract-based biostimulant on late-harvest sugarcane during the driest period of the year. Three experiments were implemented in commercial sugarcane fields in Brazil in the 2018 (site 1), 2019 (site 2), and 2020 (site 3) harvest seasons. The treatments consisted of the application and no application of seaweed extract (SWE) as a foliar biostimulant in June (sites 2 and 3) or July (site 1). The treatments were applied to the fourth ratoon of sugarcane variety RB855536 at site 1 and the fifth and third ratoons of sugarcane variety SP803290 at sites 2 and 3, respectively. SWE was applied at a dose of 500 ml a.i. ha−1 in a water volume of 100 L ha−1. SWE mitigated the negative effects of drought stress and increased stalk yield per hectare by up to 3.08 Mg ha−1. In addition, SWE increased stalk sucrose accumulation, resulting in an increase in sugar yield of 3.4 kg Mg−1 per hectare and higher industrial quality of the raw material. In SWE-treated plants, Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased. Leaf analysis showed that SWE application efficiently improved metabolic activity, as evidenced by a decrease in carbohydrate reserve levels in leaves and an increase in total sugars. By positively stabilizing the plant’s cellular redox balance, SWE increased biomass production, resulting in an increase in energy generation. Thus, foliar SWE application can alleviate drought stress while enhancing sugarcane development, stalk yield, sugar production, and plant physiological and enzymatic processes.

Isolation and Purification of Mustard Glucosinolates by Macroporous Anion-Exchange Resin: Process Optimization and Kinetics’ Modelling

Glucosinolates (GSL) (β-thioglucoside-N-hydroxy sulfates) are rich-sulfur secondary metabolites raising potential biofumigation interest due to their biological properties. Sinigrin and gluconapin are the main glucosinolates present in brown mustard seeds (Brassica juncea). These glucosinolates are very suitable for the development of phytosanitary products due to their fungicidal, bactericidal and insecticidal effects. In this work, the purification of sinigrin and gluconapin extracted from defatted mustard seeds was studied using macroporous anion exchange resins. A strongly and a weakly anionic resin were first tested according to the nature of their functional group and through their selectivity towards glucosinolates. Anion-exchange resin purification was first studied in static (batch) mode in order to determine the optimal operating conditions; it was then tested in a dynamic (continuous) mode (column) to validate the process. In static mode, the adsorption behavior and characteristics of both resins were compared. The results showed that the strongly basic resin PA312LOH ensures better adsorption of glucosinolates and that the experimental data fit well with the Freundlich isotherm. Moreover, analysis showed that PA312LOH resin was selective for glucosinolates purification towards the proteins. The desorption of glucosinolates was then investigated. Firstly, the operating conditions were optimized by studying the effects of salt concentration and the eluate-resin ratio. This preliminary optimization allowed recovering 72.9% of intact sinigrin and the juice purity was increased from 43.05% to 79.63%. Secondly, dynamic (continuous mode) experiments allowed the recovery of 64.5% of sinigrin and 28% of gluconapin by varying the eluent ionic strength and the flow rate. Resin was finally successfully regenerated using NaOH.

CoG 6 - A high yielding and quality sugarcane variety

CoG 6 is an early maturing, high yielding, high sugared, variety with high quality jaggery developed through hybridization and selection from a cross between HR 83-144 x CoH 119 at Sugarcane Research Station, Melalathur, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu. The variety CoG 6 possess medium thick, erect greenish yellow coloured non-lodging, non-flowering canes. It possesses the high tillering ability and convert more tillers to millable canes. It is a good ratooner. It has a greenish purple leaf sheath with deciduous spines and loose clasping nature which ensures clean cane at harvest. CoG 6 is moderately resistant to red rot and resistant to smut disease. The variety is resistant to sugarcane woolly aphid and less susceptible to shoot and internode borer. Under normal soil conditions at Station trials, in plant crop the variety recorded a cane yield of 140.56 t/ha and sugar yield of 18.39 t/ha. In ratoon crop, it produced 136.16 t/ha of cane yield and sugar yield of 17.74 t/ha in comparison with the standard check CoG 94077 with cane and sugar yield of 122.67 t/ha of and 15.75 t/ha, respectively. It also surpassed the check in ratoon performance as well. In ART trials conducted during 2012-14 seasons comprising Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli, Cuddalore and Vellore region, the variety CoG 6 performed well and also recorded a 17.66 per cent increase in cane yield (135.73 t/ha) and 19.07 per cent increase in sugar yield (17.75 t/ha) over the check Co 86032 with 115.36 t/ha cane yield and 14.91 t/ha CCS yield. In the On Farm Trials conducted at salt affected areas in Vellore district during 2014-16 crop seasons, the variety CoG 6 recorded the highest cane yield of 131.74 t/ha and CCS per cent of 13.04 in plant crop which showed an increase of 33.09 and 39.22 per cent over the checks Co 86032 (98.98 t/ha) and CoG 94077 (94.63 t/ha), respectively. In the ratoon crop also the variety CoG 6 recorded a maximum cane yield of 120.21 t/ha and sugar yield of 15.64 t/ha. It recorded an increase of 31.12 and 34.40 per cent for cane yield and 32.99 and 36.71 per cent increase for sugar yield over the checks Co 86032 and CoG 94077, respectively. The sugarcane variety CoG 6 possess superior jaggery qualities viz., juice recovery (64.5%), juice purity (90.98%) and jaggery recovery (11%) and recorded a higher jaggery yield of 14.49 t/ha which is 41.50, 49.38 and 46.66 per cent higher than the checks Co 86032 (10.24 t/ha), CoG 94077 (9.70 t/ha) and salt tolerant variety CoG 95076 (9.88 t/ha), respectively. Key words: Sugarcane, CoG 6, salt affected soils, quality jaggery.

Optimization of slicing sugar beet for improving the purity of diffusion juice using response surface methodology and genetic algorithm

Abstract The purity is accounted for one of the main characteristics of sugar beet juice in the sugar production process. In this regard, in the paper, the impact of slicing parameters including blade type, slicing angle from 0 to 90°, slicing thickness from 3 to 6 mm, and preheating duration from 3 to 15 min was studied on juice purity using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique was also employed to find the optimum values of variables to reach the highest juice purity. The results indicated that the quadratic model was the best model to predict juice purity. The Findings presented that as cossette thickness and slicing angle increased, the juice purity was improved. Optimization of the quadratic model by GA showed the best cossette thickness was 6 mm for both blades. The results of optimization indicated that 92.25 and 94.45% juice purities could be obtained from optimum conditions.

Efficient irrigation management in sugarcane cultivation in saline soil

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of leaching fraction on the biometric and production characteristics and technological quality of the juice of sugarcane varieties grown in saline soil in the Brazilian semiarid region. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three repetitions, in a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to two sugarcane cultivation cycles: plant cane and ratoon cane; three sugarcane varieties: RB72454, SP943206 and VAT90212; and, three leaching fractions of irrigation water: 0; 9.1; and 16.6%. Number of living leaves, number of internodes, leaf area, stem diameter, plant height, number of tillers, yield, total soluble solids content (°Brix), percentage of industrial fiber, juice purity, juice Pol%, cane Pol% and total recoverable sugar were evaluated. At the end of the two crop cycles, water use efficiency was determined. The varieties SP943206 and VAT90212 showed higher yield under leaching fraction of irrigation water of 9.1% in both cycles, and higher water use efficiency values were observed for the variety VAT90212. Application of leaching fractions to reduce soil salinity does not promote changes in the technological quality of the sugarcane varieties RB72454, SP943206 and VAT90212.

Functional properties comparison of hide buffalo gelatin and commercial bovine gelatin as clarifying agent for the tropical fruit juice

The extraction process and skin type would be affected on functional properties of gelatin, particularly on the interaction between oil and water. The present study reports the functional properties comparison of hide buffalo (bubalus bubalis) gelatin (HBG) and commercial bovine gelatin (CBG) as clarifying agent for the tropical fruit juice. Hide gelatin had been extracted for 4 hours using 0.5 M NaOH and 0.9M HCL and then sieved and dried at 50-55°C for 48 hours. The analyzed of water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC) and hidrophilic lipophilic balance were then applied into HBG and CBG. The tropical fruit juice which was using those HBG and CBG as clarifying agent were then applied for turbidity, pH and Total solid analysis for physical properties. There were no significant differences for WHC and OHC properties between HBG and CBG application of clarifying agen in tropical juice. Furthermore, for the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance result of HBG (14.28±0.13) was revealed higher (P<0.05) than CBG (10.55±0.61). It can be concluded that hide buffalo gelatin has a proper ability as a clarifying agent in apple and star fruit juice to increase the purity or clarity of fruit juice without reducing its main nutrients.

Bioethanol Production from Wastes: An Experimental Evaluating Study for Iran

Energy crisis in the world motivates countries to hire new and renewable energies. One of the main and valuable renewable sources of energy is agricultural waste. This is widely disposed of through the world during the harvest, packing, and transportation. In many countries, agricultural waste is considerably weighty. Nonetheless, most of that is used for animal feed or herbal fertilizer and no useful value is added. Despite its location in an arid region, Iran produces various citrus, cereals, and vegetables in high tonnage. The waste of the agricultural product, especially those disposed of by the food processing industries, such as fruit juice factories, remains also useless. The potential of the residues to extract biofuel is investigated in the current experimental study. Six samples of abundant agricultural products in Iran are chosen: sugarcane, grape, potato, orange peel, date, and mulberry. The processes of pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation are performed and the extracted juice is directed to the distiller to gather bioethanol. To evaluate the distilled juice purity, a gas chromatography test is carried out. It is shown that date and mulberry can produce a maximum of 29.5 and 23 ml (ethanol)/100 g (dry waste) as the most efficient agricultural products.