Pure Thermoplastic Polyurethane Research Articles

Highly efficient MXene/Nano-Cu smoke suppressant towards reducing fire hazards of thermoplastic polyurethane

A large number of toxic fumes evolved from polymeric materials are a great threat to human evacuation. The aim of this work is to dramatically reduce the generation of smoke and toxic gaseous products upon polymers burning. A highly efficient titanium carbide/nano-copper (Ti3C2Tx/Nano-Cu) hybrid smoke suppressant was synthesized by interficial adhesion and then incorporated into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to fabricate TPU nanocomposites. The Ti3C2Tx/Nano-Cu hybrid was homogeneously dispersed in the TPU matrix and showed a strong interfacial interaction with the TPU host. Introducing the Ti3C2Tx/Nano-Cu hybrid into TPU led to enhanced high-temperature stability. Furthermore, the smoke production rate, CO production rate and total CO yield of the TPU nanocomposite containing 2 wt% Ti3C2Tx/Nano-Cu hybrid decreased by 66.7%, 51.8% and 52.9%, respectively, compared with those of pure TPU. The reduced fire hazards of the TPU were due to the physical barrier, the catalytic charring and the chemical conversion of Ti3C2Tx/Nano-Cu hybrid.

Influence of the Halloysite Nanotube (HNT) Addition on Selected Mechanical and Biological Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane.

Halloysite nanotube (HNT) additions to the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) system were thoroughly evaluated in this study. The resultant composites have been designed for future personalized intervertebral disc implant applications, which requires additional technology to obtain the appropriate geometry unique to each patient. These requirements can be fulfilled using 3D printing. In this work, a technology was developed to produce filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM). Nanocomposites were prepared using variable HNT content (1, 2, and 3 wt.%). The nanostructure of the resultant composites was confirmed using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Mechanical tests were used to measure the tensile modulus, stress, and elongation the composites and TPU matrix. Nanocomposites with 2% HNT content were able to withstand 26% increased stress and 50% increased elongation compared to pure TPU before fracturing in addition to a 13% reduction in the friction coefficient. A MTT cytotoxicity assay confirmed the cytotoxicity of all tested materials against human epidermal keratinocyte cells (HaCaT).

Interface engineering of graphene oxide containing phosphorus/nitrogen towards fire safety enhancement for thermoplastic polyurethane

The high flammability and generation of toxic volatiles during combustion are big obstacles for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). In this work, a 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivate containing phosphorus and nitrogen was synthesized and then grafted onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO-DOPO) by using a silane agent [(3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane] as the chemical bridge. Then the GO-DOPO was mixed with TPU by melt compounding to improve its flame retardancy. Tensile tests exhibited that the TPU/GO-DOPO nanocomposite maintained high ductility with a slight increase in tensile stress. The cone calorimeter tests exhibited that the incorporation of 2 wt% GO-DOPO into TPU presented a significant reduction in peak heat release rate (35.8%) and peak smoke production rate (50%), respectively, as compared with those of pure TPU. Meanwhile, the peak of CO production rate and the peak of CO2 production rate decreased by 57.1% and 35.9%, respectively. The investigation of the flame retardant mechanism for TPU nanocomposites revealed that the presence of GO-DOPO in TPU contributed to generating the compact, continuous and higher graphitized char layer exerted barrier effect in condensed phase, protecting the underlying TPU matrix. This work provides a feasible functionalization approach of GO to enhance the fire safety of TPU nanocomposites without sacrificing the superior mechanical properties, which facilitates the promising applications of TPU in various fields.

Core effect on mechanical properties of one dimensional electrospun core-sheath composite fibers

Mechanical properties are highly important for the applications of electrospun nanofibers. In this work, the core effect on mechanical properties of one dimensional electrospun core-sheath composites was investigated. Coaxial electrospinning was used to prepare polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) core/shell composite fibers with different core diameters of PAN by controlling the flow rate of core solution. Theoretical calculation and electron microscopy were used to determine the core diameter. Micro tensile tests were applied to characterize the mechanical properties of single pure PAN, pure TPU and PAN/TPU core/shell composite fibers. The results indicated that the theoretically calculated core diameter had a good agreement with the electron microscopy measurement. The tensile tests indicated that as the core diameter increased, the elongation decreased while modulus increased. The tensile strength and toughness exhibited a complicated trend, where the increase and decrease were observed alternately. The strategy of adjusting the core diameter to modify the mechanical properties core/shell composite electrospun fibers could be applied to other core/shell material systems.

Copper metal‐organic framework toward flame‐retardant enhancement of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composites based on ammonium polyphosphate

In this article, copper metal‐organic framework (MOF‐Cu) was synthesized and used as synergism with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to prepare flame‐retardant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. The synergistic flame‐retardant effects between MOF‐Cu and APP in TPU composites were studied by cone calorimeter (CCT), limiting oxygen index tests (LOI), vertical burning tests (UL‐94), smoke density test, etc. The results showed that MOF‐Cu had some flame‐retardant effects on TPU, and APP had good flame retardancy in TPU/APP composites. And, the flame retardancy of TPU/APP was further enhanced when MOF‐Cu was used as synergism with APP. It has been found that the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) values of TPU/Cu0.0625 sample were reduced by 26.0% and 1.3% compared with pure TPU, respectively. And the pHRR and THR values of TPU/APP sample were reduced by 70.3% and 15.8% compared with pure TPU. In the case of TPU/APP/Cu0.0625 sample, the pHRR and THR values were furtherly reduced by 19.2% and 63.4% compared with TPU/APP, because of the minor amount of MOF‐Cu. It has been found MOF‐Cu cannot suppress the smoke release and reduce the total smoke release (TSR) value. However, 0.125 wt% MOF‐Cu can make the TSR value of TPU/APP/Cu0.125 sample reduce to 227.8 m2/m2, which was 23.4% lower than that of TPU/APP. The good synergistic flame‐retardant effect between MOF‐Cu and APP was obtained by the catalyzing carbonization process to form the char residue layer with high graphitization and expansion degree.

An urethane-based phosphonate ester for improving flame retardancy and smoke suppression of thermoplastic polyurethane

The flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with remarkable smoke suppression, anti-dripping and mechanical properties has been still a big conundrum in the field of fire safety science. In this article, an urethane-based phosphonate ester (UPE) flame retardant additive was successfully synthesized and incorporated into TPU. The fire safety, mechanical performance and flame-retardant mechanisms of TPU/UPE composites were lucubrated. With the incorporation of only 10 wt% UPE, TPU/10 wt% UPE composites passed UL-94 V-0 rating without dripping and the limited oxygen index (LOI) value reached 28.8%. Cone calorimetry tests indicated that the peak value of heat release and smoke production of TPU/10 wt% UPE composites were significantly diminished with the reduction of 70.6 and 54.1% in comparison with that of pure TPU. The analysis of flame-retarded mechanism for TPU/UPE indicated that UPE efficiently exerted free radical capture effect in gaseous phase, and stimulated the decomposition and charring of TPU composites in advance and the formation of high-quality char layer exerted isolation role in condensed phase. Therefore, the fire safety of TPU composites was enhanced by the incorporation of UPE. Meanwhile, the mechanical performance of TPU/UPE composite was well remained due to the good compatibility between UPE and TPU matrix. This work supplied a promising way for fabricating fire-safety TPU composites with preferable comprehensive properties.

Silver-coated thermoplastic polyurethane hybrid granules for dual-functional elastomer composites with exceptional thermal conductive and electromagnetic interference shielding performances

Herein, we synthesized a novel filler@polymer (Ag@TPU) hybrid composed of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) granule core and silver (Ag) shell via in-situ reduction of Ag+, and afterward employed it for the fabrication of elastomer composites featuring 3D continuous filler constructions through hot-pressing molding. The composite with 15 vol% Ag shell revealed a vast thermal conductivity of 4.45 Wm−1K−1 that was about 18-fold of pure TPU material and synchronously exhibited an exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 105.3 dB at a 1.0 mm thickness in the X-band range. Our work provides a straightforward strategy for the manufacture of dual-functional elastomer composites with desirable thermal conductivity and superior EMI shielding capabilities.

Flexible thermoplastic polyurethane-carbon nanotube composites for electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal management

• Flexible TPU composites were prepared by NIPS assisted solution mixing method. • Long length MWCNT composites offer a remarkable EMI SE value of 42.5 dB. • Short length MWCNT based composites exhibit excellent thermal management. • Short length MWCNT based composites possess good electromechanical performance. Lightweight, flexible, and thermally conductive electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have garnered front facet research interest because of urgent demand to address the EM wave pollution. Herein, inspired from the effectiveness of interconnected networks of different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), an endeavored to design three types of CNTs based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites through a facile solution blending with non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) strategy. The effect of different length of CNTs on the EMI shielding, electrical and thermal conductivity performance of TPU nanocomposites have been studied explicitly. The composite with long length CNT (10 wt%) offered a remarkable EMI shielding efficiency of 42.5 dB, the electrical conductivity of 1.9 × 10 −3 S/cm, whereas composite with short length CNTs showed a thermal conductivity of 0.51 W/mK and the corresponding thermal conductivity enhancement efficiency exceeded 145% relative to pure TPU. Incorporation of long length CNTs helped to form unique interconnected conductive networks within the TPU matrix that boost more the electron or charge transferability inside the composites, improvement in mechanical properties, EMI shielding, and electrical properties than that of short length CNTs. In contrast, short length CNTs display significant electromechanical performance and heat transferability than that of long length CNTs. The composites showed a high response in electrical conductivity and minor change in EMI shielding efficiency with repeated bending cycles. This work provides a corelated remark of different types of CNT based TPU composites for superior EMI SE and thermal management applications for next generation wearable and stretchable electronics.

Fabrication of thermoplastic polyurethane/polylactide shape-memory blends with tunable optical and mechanical properties via a bilayer structure design

Herein, the shape-memory polymeric materials (SMPs) with tunable morphological structures were fabricated via a bilayer structure design. The bilayers containing pure thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and pure polylactide (PLA) and pure TPU and co-continuous TPU/PLA blend (PTB) were produced by hot laminating, which transformed the sea-island structure in conventional blend into special co-continuous structures without compositions changing. The shape fixity and shape recovery ratios dramatically increased from 77.0% to 82.9% of the blend to 99.4% and 83.4% of TPU/PTB bilayer and 99.4% and 89.1% of TPU/PLA bilayer, even larger than those of the co-continuous structured blend. The enhanced phase continuity along the deformation direction and the strong shearing effect between two layers optimized the temporary shape fixation and the permanent shape recovery. Particularly, the bilayer assembly endowed the TPU/PLA bilayer with optical transparence, while the dispersed PLA resulted in an opacity of the TPU/PTB bilayer and the conventional blend. In addition, the TPU/PLA bilayer realized balanced tensile strength and ductility via maximumly optimizing the synergistic effect of two components in mechanical properties. This work provides a promising method to fabricate transparent SMPs with balanced mechanical performances, which can be extended to other material combinations.

Facile fabrication of NiAl-LDH and its application in TPU nanocomposites targets for reducing fire hazards

ABSTRACT In this study, nickel-aluminium layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) was prepared and characterised. NiAl-LDH was incorporated into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to prepare a series of TPU/NiAl-LDH nanocomposites using solution mixing technology. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the addition of NiAl-LDH increased the thermal stability of TPU/NiAl-LDH nanocomposite at high temperatures. Kinetic analysis of the nanocomposites was conducted via the Coats–Redfern method. Thermogravimetric infrared spectroscopy was carried out to investigate gaseous pyrolysis products in degradation process of TPU/NiAl-LDH nanocomposites. TPU/NiAl-LDH nanocomposites showed a significant decrease in CO, hydrocarbon, and aromatic compound intensities than those of pure TPU, indicating that NiAl-LDH can effectively reduce the fire hazard associated with TPU nanocomposites. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyse char residues of TPU/NiAl-LDH nanocomposites. TPU/NiAl-LDH nanocomposites produced a denser char layer with a significantly enhanced graphitisation degree, which inhibited substance and heat transfer during combustion.

Improvement of the electromechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composite by ionic liquid modified multiwall carbon nanotubes

Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were non-covalently modified by two categories of ionic liquids (ILs), including 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazole bromide (VEIMBr) and 1-vinyl-3-hexylimidazole bromide (VHIMBr) in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:4, respectively. The surface interaction between CNTs and ILs was well-characterized by FTIR, Raman spectra, XPS, etc. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) containing different amounts of CNTs/ILs was fabricated by melting blending method. TPU-CNTs/ILs composites exhibited simultaneously enhanced electromechanical properties with improved dielectric constant and lowered elastic modulus. The electromechanical sensitivity of sample TPU-3CNT/12VHIMBr increased by approximately 45 times in comparison with that of pure TPU at 200 Hz. Besides, improved dispersion of CNTs/ILs in the TPU matrix was also exhibited.

High Performance of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Graphene Oxide Self-Healing Composite Film

Graphene oxide (GO) sheets were dispersed into N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution by ultrasonication and then mixed with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) solution uniformly, and further fabricated to GO-TPU film by casting process. The thermal properties, infrared photothermal response, and self-healing performance of the GO-TPU film were systematically investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of GO-TPU film with 4 wt % GO and the initial concentration of 20 wt % TPU is 0.3719 W·m−1·K−1, which is 83.8% increase compared to pure TPU. The GO-TPU film has excellent infrared light-to-heat conversion efficiency. The infrared light-to-heat conversion efficiency of the GO-TPU film with 7 wt % GO and the initial concentration of 20 wt % TPU reaches the maximum, and the temperature increased by 63% compared to pure TPU, reaching 165.6 °C. The scratches on the GO-TPU composite film can be completely healed after being irradiated by infrared light for 10 min, which shows that the GO-TPU composite film has good self-healing properties.

Preparation of boron nitride nanosheets via polyethyleneimine assisted sand milling: towards thermal conductivity and insulation applications.

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is often used as a filler in polymer composites due to its good thermal conductivity and insulation properties. However, the compatibility between h-BN and the matrix limits its application areas. To overcome this issue, a combination of mechanical liquid phase exfoliation and chemical interfacial modification was adopted in this work. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used as the exfoliation reagent to prepare PEI-functionalized h-BN nanosheets, denoted as PEI@BNNS. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites with different contents of h-BN and PEI@BNNS which were recorded as h-BN/TPU and PEI@BNNS/TPU were successfully prepared through a hot-pressing process, respectively. The results show that PEI@BNNS/TPU composites have better in-plane thermal conductivity while maintaining insulation, and with the content of 5 wt% PEI@BNNS, the in-plane thermal conductivity of the PEI@BNNS/TPU composite is up to 0.61 W m−1 K−1, which is three times that of pure TPU (0.22 W m−1 K−1).

Pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based bicyclic compounds as promising flame retardants for thermoplastic polyurethane films

AbstractImparting flame retardancy without melt dripping in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a challenging task. In the current work, a series of pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based flame retardants (FRs labeled FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4) were synthesized, and their suitability for TPU thin films (<100 micron) was explored. Vertical flammability tests revealed that a blend of FR2 and TPU at 2% phosphorous content exhibited excellent flame suppression and complete stoppage of melt dripping whereas samples prepared from FR1 showed reduced melt drips. In comparison to FR1 and FR2, FR3 and FR4 manifested excessive nonflamed melt drips, which helps in removal of heat from the combustion cycle and self‐extinguishment. The limiting oxygen index value of flame retardant (FRTPU) blends reached up to 33.5% compared to 19% for pure TPU. Thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy studies suggest that blends of TPU with FR1 and FR2 display high char residue and condensed phase mechanism, whereas FR3 and FR4 blends show low char residue, working in the gas phase and by the removal of polymer from flame zone through melt dripping phenomena.

Barrier function of graphene for suppressing the smoke toxicity of polymer/black phosphorous nanocomposites with mechanism change

Recently, black phosphorous (BP) nanosheets as an emerging nanomaterial have presented significant fire safety improvement in polymer nanocomposites. However, as elemental phosphorus, fire safety improvement effect of BP nanosheets on polymer composites builds on the conversion of gaseous pyrolysis products into smoke particles, which inevitably promotes the formation and release of smoke particles. From the perspective of overall fire safety improvement, it is vital to simultaneously suppress the heat release and smoke production of polymer/BP composites. Herein, melamine-mediated graphene/black phosphorous nanohybrids (GNS/MA/BP) were fabricated through electrostatic-driving self-assembly process and introduced into polyether thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). During combustion, the barrier function provided by thermally stable layered structure of graphene (GNS) enables more pyrolysis products of BP nanosheets to be kept within condensed phase and react with polymer matrix. Compared to pure TPU, the incorporated hierarchical nanostructure (GNS/MA/BP-2) decreases PHRR, THR, and total CO2 release of TPU composite by 54.7%, 23.5%, and 32.5%, respectively. Beside, in contrast to TPU-BP composite, the release rate of toxic smoke and CO gas of TPU-GNS/MA/BP-2 composite are reduced by 46.7% and 49.4%. With barrier function of graphene, the heat and smoke release behavior of polymer/BP nanocomposites is effectively suppressed.

Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Lead Zirconate Titanate/Carbon Nanotube Composites with Very High Dielectric Permittivity and Low Dielectric Loss

Ternary composites of flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with very high dielectric permittivity (εr) and low dielectric loss (tan δ) are reported. To assess the evolution of dielectric properties with the interactions between conductive and dielectric fillers, composites were designed with a range of content for PZT (0–30 vol%) and MWCNT (0–1 vol%). The microstructure was composed of PZT-rich and segregated MWCNT-rich regions, which could effectively prevent the formation of macroscopic MWCNT conductive networks and thus reduce the high ohmic loss. Therefore, εr increased by a maximum of tenfold, reaching up to 166 by the addition of up to 1 vol% MWCNT to TPU/PZT. More importantly, tan δ remained relatively unchanged at 0.06–0.08, a similar range to that of pure TPU. εr/tan δ ratio reached 2870 at TPU/30 vol% PZT/0.5 vol% MWCNT, exceeding most of the reported values. This work demonstrates the potential of three-phase polymer/conductive filler/dielectric filler composites for efficient charge storage applications.

Effect of Barium Hexaferrites and Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide on EMI Shielding Properties in Polymer Composites

Barium hexaferrites (BaFe) and thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) were successfully prepared by co-precipitation and improved hummer’s method, respectively. Nanocomposite films based on the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix with different compositions of TRGO and BaFe were prepared by a solution casting method with a thickness of 0.25 mm. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is the key application area of these nanocomposites in the microwave frequency range of 0.1–20GHz and near infrared (NIR) wavelength range of 700–2500 nm. A maximum of 3.5*10−5 S/cm AC conductivity and 4.8*10−6 S/cm DC conductivity was achieved. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss also enhanced 2–3 times with respect to the pure TPU matrix. Less than 0.5% transmission in the NIR region and −40 dB shielding were observed in the microwave region. The highest shielding of −61 dB was achieved at frequency 12.5GHz.

Thermoplastic Blend Exhibiting Shape Memory-Assisted Self-Healing Functionality

Here, we report on a polymer blend consisting of a soft thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer and a low melting temperature thermoplastic healing agent (polycaprolactone, PCL). In this study, polymer blends containing up to 60 wt % PCL were prepared and the resulting mechanical, thermal, shape memory, and self-healing properties were studied. These immiscible polymers exhibit two well-separated transitions attributable to the melting of PCL and TPU hard segments. This viscoelastic behavior engendered shape memory capability at moderate processing temperatures (∼90 °C) and melt processability at elevated temperatures (>160 °C). The reversible plasticity shape memory (RPSM) effect was also characterized: when subjected to 125% strain at room temperature and subsequently heated to 90 °C, the samples nearly fully recovered to their original length. Moreover, upon heating to above PCL's melting temperature, the flow of PCL into an undeformed crack was shown to fill the crack void, thus promoting self-repair. Through the action of mild heating (90 °C/30 min), fracture surfaces are brought into intimate contact through the action of the RPSM effect and subsequently healed through the redistribution of molten PCL. The shape memory-assisted self-healing efficiency was evaluated by comparing the tensile force restoration after healing of a highly deformed, notched sample to its behavior prior to notching. It was observed that blends containing up to 30 wt % PCL showed nearly complete restoration of properties. In contrast, pure TPU showed only about 5% healing efficiency because of the absence of the PCL healing agent. Blends containing 50 and 60 wt % PCL likewise did not exhibit appreciable restoration of properties, and this was attributed to their propensity to neck during crack opening and poor mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Blends may serve as a self-healing replacement for pure TPU in existing applications (e.g., automotive and sporting goods) or as a self-healing shape memory polymer in advanced products in soft robotic, biomedical, and microelectronic applications.

Graphite films/carbon fiber fabric/ polyurethane composites with ultrahigh in-plane thermal conductivity and enhanced mechanical properties

Thermally conductive composites have attracted great attention in virtue of their crucial role in thermal management. In this work, laminated composites were prepared by laying graphite films (GF) and carbon fiber fabrics (CF) in a certain order, then penetrating thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), finally hot-pressing. In order to enhance the inter-layer strength, the graphite films were perforated with arrays of 1 mm holes in diameter which have intervals of 4 mm and permit the seeping of liquid TPU through them. The in-plane thermal conductivity (TC) of composite reaches 242 W m−1 K−1 with the loading of 25 vol% GF and 60 vol% CF, which is 1210 times that of pure TPU. The great improvement of TC is ascribed to the thermal conductive pathways formed by continuous GF with ultrahigh TC. The addition of CF enhances markedly the mechanical properties of composites. Bending strength and modulus of composites are 5.56 and 17.09 times that of pure TPU, respectively. The proposed design and manufacture method are facile and effective to obtain polymeric composites simultaneously with high TC and good mechanical properties.

Improvement of thermoplastic polyurethane's flame retardancy and thermal conductivity by leaf‐shaped cobalt‐zeolitic imidazolate framework–modified graphene and intumescent flame retardant

In this work, a new type of leaf‐shaped cobalt‐zeolitic imidazolate framework–modified graphene (Co‐ZIF‐L@RGO) hybrid was successfully prepared and blended with an intumescent flame retardant (IFR). It was added into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to study the effect of its combination with IFR on the thermal conductivity and flame retardant performance of TPU. The morphology and structure of the Co‐ZIF‐L@RGO hybrid were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that Co‐ZIF‐L were uniformly loaded on the surface of graphene. Furthermore, compared with pure TPU, the limiting oxygen index values of the composite material with 3 wt% Co‐ZIF‐L and 27 wt% IFR increased to 32.6%. Their UL‐94 rating reached V‐0 rating. Their peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate and total smoke production were also greatly reduced by 84.4%, 70.1%, 60.3% and 62.5%, respectively. The thermogravimetric‐infrared test results showed that the amount of toxic gas emissions was effectively suppressed. The residual carbon was analyzed by SEM, laser Raman spectroscopy and XRD, and flame retardant mechanism was further investigated. Besides, the addition of this hybrid improved the thermal conductivity of TPU.