Punch Technique Research Articles

Efficacy of photodynamic therapy combined with cross-punch technique for the treatment of keloid

ObjectiveKeloids are characterized by abnormal activation of fibroblasts and excessive collagen deposition. Keloids are notoriously difficult to treat effectively due to their high recurrence rate after therapy. Our study explored the use of the punch technique in conjunction with photodynamic therapy, a novel approach that may swiftly reduce keloid volume, promote collagen remodeling, mitigate inflammation and enhance the wound healing process. MethodsIn our study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 47 keloid patients who were treated with cross-punch technique combined with photodynamic therapy (punch+PDT group), compared them with a control group of 42 patients who received cross-punch therapy alone (punch group). The visual Analog Scale (VAS) scoring system, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire and the subjective scoring of patients were implemented to assess the improvement rate at baseline (month 0) and 12-month follow-up (month 12). ResultsThe results demonstrated significant enhancements in both VAS scores and DLQI scores on month 12 when compared with those on month 0. Notably, the subjective scoring indicated a marked difference, with 93.62 % of patients in the punch+PDT group and 59.52 % in the punch group reporting good or excellent improvement. ConclusionPatients in the punch+PDT group had a significant improvement rate than those in the punch group.

The Influence of Effective Mass on the Striking Force of Lead Jab and Rear Cross Punches of Boxers

Background: Modern combat sports, including boxing, categorize participants by body mass to ensure fairness and safety. The effective mass, or the ability to maximize body mass during a punch, significantly impacts striking force. This study aims to explore the relationship between effective mass and striking force in lead jab and rear cross punches of boxers. Material and methods: Thirteen male boxers with an average body mass of 90.6 kg and average height of 184 cm participated. The study employed an AMTI MC12-2K force plate (AMTI, Watertown, MA, USA) and Noraxon Ultium EMG sensors (Noraxon, Scottsdale, AZ, USA) to measure impact force and acceleration. Each boxer performed five maximum-force strikes with both lead jab and rear cross techniques. Results: The rear cross punch generated significantly higher ground reaction force (1709.28 ± 486.62 N) compared to the lead jab (1182.56 ± 250.81 N). However, effective mass values were similar for both punches: lead jab (18.95 ± 5.29 kg, 21.51% of body mass) and rear cross (18.50 ± 5.56 kg, 21.04% of body mass). Higher body mass and longer training tenure positively correlated with higher effective mass. An inverse relationship was found between fist acceleration and effective mass. Conclusions: Effective mass plays a crucial role in punch biomechanics, with similar utilization between lead jab and rear cross punches despite the latter’s higher force. Training focused on optimizing body mass utilization and refining punch techniques can enhance punch effectiveness.

Optimizing earlobe repair: A modified punch technique for elongated pierced earlobe holes

Optimizing earlobe repair: A modified punch technique for elongated pierced earlobe holes

MXene assisted simple recycle of waste cellulose fiber with alginate fiber into fireproof and electromagnetic interference shielding composite

Textile wastes rapidly grow into a challenge when a significant portion of them are processed by landfilling or incineration, leading to hazardous solid and volatile pollutants. This work investigated the utilization of wasted cellulose fiber by recycling it with calcium alginate fiber into a fireproof composite filler as a circular economy strategy, followed by the modification with MXene dispersion to further enhance its fire resistance and offer it the electromagnetic interference shielding ability. A comprehensive investigation elucidated the flame retardant mechanism of the composite felt via studying its combustion behavior, the microstructural morphology of residue char, and the gasous compounds produced. The results indicated that this composite felt generated a large number of nonflammable gas species and fibrous residue char, serving as a natural barrier to impede the fuel supply and suppress heat diffusion, thereby endowing the composite felt with an outstanding fire retardant performance and reduced carbon footprint. Compared to other textile waste recycling processes, the opening-carding-needling punch technique employed in this study was more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. The recycling of waste cellulose fiber into functional fireproof composites not only extended the practical applications of waste resources but also mitigated the negative environmental impact of textile disposal.

Long-term impact of coronary artery transfer techniques during the arterial switch operation on neo-aortic root dilation

BackgroundAortic dilation (AD) remains one of the most common complications needing re-operation after ASO (arterial switch operation) in simple transposition of the great arteries (TGA). ObjectivesWe sought to clarify which coronary artery transfer techniques help to minimize postoperative neo-aortic root dilation after ASO for TGA. Methods117 patients were identified in the German National Register for Congenital Heart Defects presenting transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum (TGA-IVS) with minimum 5-year follow-up who underwent ASO between 1986 and 2015 at 16 centers. Our study population was divided into two groups depending on the sinus tissue gain during coronary re-implantation. Group one (n = 72) included the tissue-gaining techniques slit, trap-door, J-/V-/U-incision, and pericardial augmentation. Group two (n = 45) included ‘punch’ as the no-tissue gaining technique. Transthoracic echocardiography data were analyzed retrospectively for development of neoaortic dilation defined by Z-score ≥ 2.0. As secondary endpoint was analyzed, the need for reintervention due to aortic pathology. ResultsMedian follow-up was 11 (5–29) years; cumulative follow-up was 853 patient-years for group one and 19 (5–34) years; cumulative follow-up was 853 patient-years for group two, comprising 1706 patient-years, p < 0.0001. We observed statistically significant higher Z-scores at the aortic valve annulus level in group one (p = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding re-operation. ConclusionNeo-aortic roots of patients who underwent sinus gain tissue coronary artery transfer techniques show higher Z-scores than the punch technique in long-term postoperative follow-up. Lifelong surveillance of patients after ASO seems necessary.

Construction of Tabuh Gilak Ravana among Sekaa Gong children of Singakerta Village | Pembinaan Tabuh Gilak Rahwana Di Kalangan Sekaa Gong Anak-Anak Desa Singakerta

Singakerta Village has two sekaa gongs, namely Sekaa Gong Kerta Yowana and Sekaa Gong Children of Singakerta Village. Sekaa Gong Kerta Yowana was formed around late 2014. Sekaa Gong Kerta Yowana was formed around the end of 2014, but its activities stopped around the end of late 2019. To form a new generation called Sekaa Gong Children of Singakerta Village in early 2023. Thematic Real Work Lecture (KKNT) activities exist for students to conduct coaching on Sekaa Gong for Singakerta Village Children with Gilak Ravana Tabuh Material. The method used in fostering tabuh gilak ravana, namely the Training Method, means the determination of the delivery method used during the training, and the author also uses several methods in fostering Sekaa Gong for Singakerta Village Children, such as meguru kuping, meguru panggul, meguru dingdong, and meguru rasa. Tabuh Gilak Ravana was created by Mr. I Wayan Bratha. Tabuh Gilak Ravana depicts the character of Ravana, an antagonist who embodies wrath and human sins. Tabuh Gilak Ravana is implemented using Gong Kebyar gamelan barungan. Tabuh Gilak Ravana uses 32 (thirty-two) beats in one melody, and in its presentation, there are basic punch techniques in playing gamelan, such as the kekenyongan technique. In addition to fostering, they also participate in coral cadet activities, namely helping community service activities such as mutual cooperation, ngayah, etc.

Hydroforming of double-layer Y-shaped tube controlled by a novel backward punch shape

PurposeA new backward punch shape was designed and used in the hydroforming process of double-layer Y-shaped tubes to achieve uniform wall thickness. This study focuses on the implementation and effectiveness of this novel punch shape.Design/methodology/approachA numerical simulation and experimental validation of the hydroforming process of double-layer Y-shaped tubes under various backward punch, replenishment ratios (left and right feed ratios) and internal pressure loading paths was performed using finite elements. During the hydroforming process, an analysis was made on the distribution of stress, strain and wall thickness in both the inner and outer layers of the Y-shaped conduit.FindingsThe novel backward punch parallel to the main tube has been found to improve the distribution of wall thickness in Y-shaped tubes. By controlling the feeding ratio and modifying the loading path of the internal pressure, it is possible to obtain the optimal forming part of the double-layer Y-shaped tube. The comparison between the simulation and experimental results of the double-layer Y-shaped tube formed under the optimal path indicates that the error is within 5% and the distribution of wall thickness is consistent.Originality/valueA novel backward punch technique is employed to control the hydroforming process in a Y-shaped tube. A study on hydroforming of double-layer Y-shaped tubes with asymmetric features and challenging forming conditions is being suggested.

Biopsy type does not affect the number of stages during Mohs micrographic surgery: a retrospective study.

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is the treatment of choice for high-risk basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, there are no evidence-based recommendations regarding which biopsy type is more appropriate to obtain tumour samples prior to MMS. Shave or punch biopsies are performed depending on the clinical characteristics of the tumour, surgeon experience and local protocols. However, biopsy type might result in difficult histopathological interpretation and influence the practical implementation of MMS. We performed a retrospective study on 208 consecutive BCCs treated with MMS. Of the 208 BCC biopsies, 42 (20.2%) were obtained by the shave method and 166 (79.8%) via punch. Those obtained with the shave technique had a mean of 1.64 stages vs. 1.69 stages with the punch technique (P = 0.130). These findings suggest biopsy type does not affect Mohs surgery performance. The biopsy type of choice is the one deemed adequate for each specific case to obtain a diagnosis and tumour subtyping.

Biomechanics of the lead straight punch and related indexes between sanda fighters and boxers from the perspective of cross-border talent transfer.

Objective: To bridge the technical gaps in reserve athletes in China's national boxing program and to rapidly improve the overall level of boxing, the Wushu Sports Administration Center of the General Administration of Sports of China has sent outstanding Sanda players to boxing events through cross-border talent transfer. This was done to widely improve the strengths and resources in various fields to prepare for the Tokyo Olympic Games. In view of this, we analyzed and compared differences in biomechanical parameters of the lead straight punch and index of force developments of the lower extremities between Sanda and boxing. The results provide information and insights to bridge the technical gaps in cross-border talent transfer from Sanda to boxing. Methods: We employed a Vicon infrared 3D motion capture system, two Kistler platforms, a Kistler target, and a synchronous instrument. Eleven boxers and sixteen Sanda athletes were recruited, and their lead straight punch techniques were compared and analyzed. Three indexes of punch velocity, six indexes of strength measurement, and four indexes of lower extremity strength were analyzed. Results: Significant differences in the peak punch velocity and contact velocity were found between the two groups. Furthermore, significant differences were noted in the peak impulse, peak strength, relative strength, and the rate of force development (RFD). Among the kinetics indexes of lower limbs, the front leg strength index was higher in the boxing group than in the Sanda group, namely the RFD index and RFD/body mass. Conclusion: Based on the disparity in the effects of the lead straight punch and biomechanical parameters of both lower extremities, we can conclude that, compared to the boxers, most Sanda athletes lack standard punching technique. Therefore, it is advised that coaches and practitioners carefully consider selecting Sanda athletes with higher technical standards of punching.

Gyaku-Tsuki punch technique training model to improve physical readiness and character of karate athletes

The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of the gyaku-tsuki punch technique training model to improve physical readiness and character. The design of this study was quasi-experimental in the form of a posttest-only control design. The sample of this study was 56 which was divided into 2 groups, each group consisted of 28 people. Karate is a sport that requires a very good level of physical condition. The data collection method used was a questionnaire to measure character variables and documentation to measure physical readiness. The data analysis used was inferential with MANOVA. The results showed that the gyaku-tsuki punch technique training model has an impact on physical readiness and character both simultaneously and partially, this can be seen from the average value of the group trained with the gyaku-tsuki punch technique training model is greater than the exercise without the gyaku-tsuki punch technique training model. Therefore, it is recommended that this gyaku-tsuki punch technique training model can be used as an alternative to karate training to improve physical readiness and character.

Analysis of Application of Pencak Silat Techniques and Tactics in the National Sports Week in Papua in 2021

This study aims to analyze the application of pencak silat techniques and tactics in the competition category at the National Sports Week (PON) fighters in Papua in 2021. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method. The data source was obtained from video recordings of matches taken by PB IPSI at the 2021 National Sports Week. The sampling technique used is probability sampling, namely the population comes from pencak silat athletes participating in the National Sports Week. The samples were all the silat fighters who passed the final of the National Sports Week for the competition category of pencak silat. Data collection techniques using structured observation. The data obtained then were analyzed using descriptive data analysis techniques. The results od this research were as follows (1) the most frequently used technique was the punch technique, which was 18.59%; (2) the second highest percentage technique used was the sickle kick, which was 17.59%; (3) block technique had a percentage of 12.75%; (4) the front kick occupied the fourth percentage after the block, which was 10.53%; (5) side kicks/ T got a percentage of 9.66%; (6) Scissors technique, namely 8.97%; (7) the catch technique was 5.26%; (8) leverage technique had a percentage of 4.47%; (9) edge technique was 4.20%; (10) the sweep technique was 1.27% and (11) the back kick technique was 0.43%. Based on the results of the research that had been carried out, it can be concluded that the research is; (1) the most frequently used technique was the punch technique.

Analysis of the Contact Area for Three Types of Upper Limb Strikes.

Performance in strike combat sports is mostly evaluated through the values of the net force, acceleration, or speed to improve efficient training procedures and/or to assess the injury. There are limited data on the upper limb striking area, which can be a useful variable for contact pressure assessment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the contact area of the upper limb in three different strike technique positions. A total of 38 men and 38 women (n = 76, 27.3 ± 8.5 years of age, 73.9 ± 13.8 kg of body weight, 173.3 ± 8.4 cm of body height) performed a static simulation of punch with a fist, palm strike, and elbow strike, where three segments of the right upper limb were scanned. The analysis of 684 images showed a correlation (r = 0.634) between weight and punch technique position in men and significant differences in elbow strike (p < 0.001) and palm strike (p < 0.0001) between women and men. In both groups, the palm demonstrated the largest area and the elbow the smallest one. These data may be used to evaluate strike contact pressure in future studies in forensic biomechanics and assessment of injury in combat sports and self-defense.

Shaeer's punch technique: Trans-corporeal Peyronie's plaque surgery and penile prosthesis implantation

ABSTRACT Introduction Penile prosthesis implantation in cases of severe Peyronie's disease may require plaque excision/incision and grafting, that may require mobilization of the neurovascular bundle (NVB) or urethra, posing the risks of penile hyposensitivity or urethral injury, and is time consuming, possibly increasing infection risk. Objective Evaluating trans-corporeal debulking of Peyronie's plaques by “Shaeer's Punch Technique”. Methods Penile prosthesis implantation and Punch technique (PPI-Punch) was performed for 26 patients. Following corporotomy and dilatation, Peyronie's plaques were punched-out from within the corpora cavernosa using the punch forceps then a penile prosthesis implanted. Comparison to a matching retrospective group of 18 patients operated upon by plaque excision-grafting and penile prosthesis implantation was performed. Outcomes were in terms of straightness of the erect penis, complication, satisfaction with length on a 5-point scale , the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF), and the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction questionnaire (EDITS). Results Average pre-operative curvature angle was 58.1 ± 11.7 in the Punch group and 58 ± 14.8 in the excision-grafting group, p=0.99. Following surgery, all patients had a straight penis. No tunical perforations, urethral injuries or extrusions were noted. Average additional operative time for Punch technique ranged from 5 to 10 minutes (7.3 ± 1.7), in contrast to the excision-grafting group where plaque surgery duration was 50.8 minutes ± 11.1, an 85% difference, p &amp;lt; 0.0001. Septal plaques in the latter group could not be removed. In the PPI-Punch group, penile sensitivity was preserved in all patients, compared to the excision/grafting group with 7/18 patients reporting hyposthesia of the glans. Infection occurred in 1/26 patients in the PPI-Puch group, compared to 2/18 patients in the excision/grafting group. Satisfaction with length on a 5-point scale was 3.8 ± 0.9 in the punch group, versus 3.1 ± 1.1 in the excision-grafting group, p=0.009.. Conclusions Shaeer's Punch Technique is a minimally invasive procedure for trans-corporeal excavation of Peyronie's plaques prior to penile prosthesis implantation. There is no need for mobilization of the neurovascular bundle or spongiosum, hence low or no risk for nerve or urethral injury and brief plaque surgery time. Disclosure Work supported by industry: no. A consultant, employee (part time or full time) or shareholder is among the authors (Coloplast, BSC, Rigicon).

In-office Bone-Anchored Hearing Implants via Minimally Invasive Punch Technique in a Veteran Population.

Describe the feasibility and safety of completing bone-anchored hearing implants via the minimally invasive punch technique in the in-office setting. This single-institution case series included 20 patients who underwent in-office bone-anchored hearing implant placement under local anesthesia from 2018 to 2021. Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System. Following completion of the case series, patients were retrospectively surveyed regarding their satisfaction with this approach via a modified SSQ-8 (Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire) to fit our purposes. A total of 23 implants were completed in the in-office setting on 20 patients. Intra- and postoperative complication rates, including skin changes, irritation, infection, and poor wound healing, were similar to or better than currently published complication rates in the literature. In addition, patients reported overwhelmingly positive responses on the SSQ-8, almost universally stating that they were "very satisfied" with their clinic experience. This case series suggests that it is feasible and safe to complete this procedure in the clinic under local anesthesia, but further prospective studies are needed to evaluate this in a more generalized population.

Effects of the Hydnophytum formicarum plant extract on collagen density, angiogenesis, wound length, and re-epithelialization in wound healing: Experimental study on rats.

The formation of scar tissue in the wound healing process is associated with fibroblasts that are produced during the proliferation phase (3-14 days after surgery/injury). One of the strategies to suppress the formation of excessive scar tissue is to use wound care material. The use of herbal extracts is currently being investigated by researchers, as it allows avoiding the side effects of synthetic drugs. The Hydnophytum formicarum extract has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of the Hydnophytum formicarum plant extract on collagen density, angiogenesis, wound length, and re-epithelialization in wound healing. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: the control group; and the treatment group. Skin wounds were made on the dorsum of the rats, using the biopsy punch technique. Four rats from each group were sacrificed on days 4, 7 and 14 after injury. Collagen density, angiogenesis, wound length, and re-epithelialization were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining. There were significant differences in the results of the angiogenesis analysis, wound length and re-epithelialization between the treatment and control groups. When considering angiogenesis, there were fewer vessels in the treatment group, but they were more mature as compared to the control group. There was also a meaningful interaction between the application of the Hydnophytum formicarum extract and the necropsy day with regard to collagen density and the re-epithelialization rate. No secondary infection was found in either group. The topical use of the Hydnophytum formicarum extract affected the formation of scar tissue, as indicated by the positive area of collagen, the extent of angiogenesis, wound length, and the re-epithelialization rate in the early, middle and final granulation phases. The inhibition of angiogenesis through the application of Hydnophytum formicarum was probably related to the formation of scar tissue in the wound.

Bone-Anchored Hearing Implants: Surgical and Audiological Comparison of Different Surgical Techniques.

Introduction The bone-anchored hearing implant system (BAHS) is an effective amplification system that transmits the sounds received by an external operating system to the inner ear by bypassing the middle ear placed in the temporal bone. Objective This study compares the results of patients who underwent bone-anchored hearing implant system (BAHS) surgery using two different surgical methods in terms of preoperative and postoperative complications, surgical time, audiological findings, and patient satisfaction. Methods The results of 22 patients who underwent BAHS were evaluated retrospectively from video records and audiological results, The Turkish Version of the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) questionnaire were evaluated. Two different surgical approaches were used for implantation: the linear incision technique ( n = 9) and the punch technique ( n = 13). Results Mean surgical durations were 9.67 ± 2.85 and 47.65 ± 6.13 minutes for Groups A and B, respectively, and these were significantly different ( p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the groups' speech recognition scores for a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of +5 ( p = 0.173), SNR of 0 ( p = 0.315), or SNR of -5 ( p = 0.360) and results of the GBI scores. Conclusion The punch technique has a significant advantage due to a shorter surgery duration without increased surgical complications. Additionally, the punch technique showed no significant difference in hearing performance or satisfaction compared with linear incision.

A Comprehensive Review of Non-Energy-Based Treatments for Atrophic Acne Scarring.

Scarring is a dire consequence of acne vulgaris. Particularly, atrophic acne scarring is highly prevalent among young adults, and its physical and psychological effects can persist throughout their lives if left untreated. This literature review will analyze various non-energy-based approaches to treating atrophic acne scarring, emphasizing recent advances within the last 5 to 10 years. To accomplish this, we performed a PubMed search for various acne scar treatments such as chemical peels, dermabrasion, microdermabrasion, subcision, microneedling, punch techniques, dermal fillers, and thread lifting. Our findings and analysis show that there is no panacean solution to treating atrophic acne scars, which explains the evolving trend towards developing unique combinatorial treatments. Although a fair comparison of each treatment approach is difficult to achieve due to the studies’ varying sample sizes, strength of evidence, treatment execution, etc, there still remains a level of consensus on what treatments are well suited for particular scar types.

Survey of Basic Technical Skills of Table Tennis Game Athletes Ptmsi Puslatkab Bangkalan

T his study aims to determine the level of basic technical skills of table tennis athletes at PTMSI Pusat Kab Bangkalan. The method chosen and the research used a survey. Saturated samples were taken from all table tennis athletes at the Bangkalan puslatkab totaling 4 athletes. Measuring the skill level of the basic table tennis game techniques, namely Service Techniques (Serve), Attack Techniques (Attacking), Defense Techniques (Block), Drive Punch Techniques, Push Punch Techniques, Flick Techniques, and Chop Techniques for athletes at the Bangkalan sports center using tests and measurements . Researchers collected data using survey techniques with tests and measurements of basic technical skills in table tennis games for PTMSI Puslatkab Bangkalan athletes. Data analysis used percentage description. The results of the research on table tennis athletes at the Bangkalan puslatkab: basic service techniques 25% are in the adequate category and 75% are in the good category; basic attack techniques (attacking) 50% in the less category and 50% in the sufficient category; basic defense techniques (Block) 25% are in the poor category, 50% are in the sufficient category and 25% are in the good category; basic technique of hitting (Drive) 50% in the poor category, 25% in the sufficient category, and1 25% in the good category; the basic technique of push punch 75% is in sufficient category and 25% is in good category; basic technique of flick blow 25% in poor category, 50% in sufficient category, and 25% in good category; basic chop technique 75% is categorized as sufficient, and 25% is categorized as good. The conclusions of the study are the level of service technique skills (Serve) in good category, basic attack techniques (attacking) are between the less category and sufficient category, basic defense techniques (Block) are in sufficient category, basic blow techniques (Drive) are in poor category, basic techniques for push punches are categorized as enough, basic flick technique is categorized enough, and basic chop technique is categorized enough. Suggestions that can be given are the addition of hours and a proportional training program to improve mastery of the basic techniques of table tennis.

Surgical management of aural haematoma by leather punch technique using carbon dioxide laser in a dog

Surgical management of aural haematoma by leather punch technique using carbon dioxide laser in a dog

Small punch creep investigation of Eurofer97 and 14Cr oxide dispersion strengthened steel

• A 14Cr ODS steel and Eurofer97 were evaluated via small punch creep testing at 550°C. • The Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steel exhibited superior time to failure. • However, the ODS steel (14YWT) also exhibited lower ductility. • Equivalent uniaxial stresses were estimated using the Modified Chakrabarty Approach. Small punch creep (SPC) testing represents an effective way to rapidly assess the creep performance of novel materials and potentially monitor degradation of in-service components. Recent progress in standardisation has also led to improvements in data analysis. However, estimation of equivalent uniaxial stresses is still somewhat challenging and has hindered wider usage of the small punch technique. In this study, the creep properties of two candidate materials for structural applications in future fusion reactors were assessed via SPC. These included the baseline structural material, Eurofer97, and a more recently developed 14Cr Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steel (14YWT). Having been assessed at 550 °C, the 14YWT demonstrated superior creep life and significantly lower rates of deformation, but also exhibited reduced ductility. The Modified Chakrabarty (MCH) approach was employed to estimate equivalent uniaxial creep stresses. This methodology appeared to work well with the Eurofer97 but struggled when applied to 14YWT, making accurate estimation of the 14YWT performance difficult. Since the MCH approach was developed for ductile materials, its predictive capabilities may have been limited by the low ductility of 14YWT.