Pumping Rate Research Articles

Hydrogeological Conditions, and Surface Water Drainage System of Wadi Al-Murr Sub Basin, Northernwest of Iraq

Al-Murr valley is one of the intermittent valleys in the northernwest of Iraq, in which the water flows in short flood waves after rainfall storms, and eventually flows into Tigris River at the Aski Mosul Town.
 The surface drainage watershed of the basin was derived using (Arc GIS 10) based on the space shuttle radar data (SRTM-DEM) which called Digital Elevation Model (DEM), with discriminatory accuracy of (30x30) meters, according to contour lines and surface water divides, the stream orders reached to six, they varied in their numbers from order to another.
 The geological and hydrogeological conditions of the basin were studied, and two aquifers were distinguished; Injana as semi-confined aquifer and Quaternary sediments as unconfined aquifer, also groundwater table map was plotted according to data of (101) wells, and then flow net of groundwater were derived and indicate that there are to main groundwater flow directions; the first from the north and northeast toward the center of the area, from ​​Ain Zala and Butma anticlines as recharge areas to Wadi al-Murr as discharge area, the hydraulic gradient is about (0.0087) in the recharge area and (0.0037) in the drainage area, while the second flow direction is from south and southwest toward the center of the study area, from Sinjar, Shkaft, Sasan and Shaikh Ibrahim anticlines as recharge areas to Wadi al-Murr as discharge area, the hydraulic gradient is about (0.01) at the recharge area and (0.0053) in drainage area, and this trend is compatible with the direction of the surface drainage system (valleys) and the slope of land topography of the area.
 The hydraulic properties were evaluated according to the pumping rate and groundwater table drawdown data in (81) pumping wells, it was observed that the values ​​of the Transmssivity (T) ranged from (3- 414) m2/day, either hydraulic conductivity ​​(K) ranged from (0.2-12.7) m/day.

Sinoatrial node cells and tissue operate via stochastic resonance.

Sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary heart pacemaker, is a highly heterogeneous, complex cellular network. Recent imaging data indicate that synchronized action potentials (APs) that exit the SAN emerge from heterogeneous signals, including subthreshold, irregular signals. We tested the hypothesis that SAN cells and tissue operate via stochastic resonance, i.e. biological noise within and among SAN cells plays an important role in generation of cardiac impulses. We performed patch-clamp experiments in current-clamp mode in isolated single rabbit SAN cells. When uniformly random current noise of a few pA amplitude with a zero average was applied via the patch pipette, cells that had been firing APs rarely and irregularly began firing more frequently and rhythmically. Further, similar noise application to non-firing cells (dormant cells or artificially hyperpolarized cells) initiated AP firing. These results were supported by simulations of Maltsev-Lakatta numerical model of SAN cells. Further, simulations using a numerical model of heterogeneous SAN cellular network, in which the rate of Ca pumping and ICaL conductance varied, revealed that random current noise applied within cells also improved the tissue function. In scenarios at the edge of criticality, in which the cell network could not operate (99.84% of non-firing cells), almost all cells (97.12%) fired APs when noise was applied to cells within the network. Although artificial noise was applied in our experiments and simulations, similar noise is likely to be generated under physiological conditions by stochastic openings of ion channels (RyRs and L-type Ca-channels) within cells and by subthreshold signals from neighboring cells in SAN tissue. Our results support the idea that the SAN operates via stochastic resonance, thus shifting the paradigm of SAN operation from dictatorship and democracy theories, to a complex neuronal-type modus operandi, i.e. the SAN operates as “the heart's brain”.

Effects of used and under-used doses of Transfluthrin-based insecticide on Caenorhabditis elegans metabolism

Different classes of insecticide compounds have been employed to control insects and mosquitoes; Pyrethroids are one of the most common used in both urban and rural household environments. This study investigated the effects of exposure of two doses of commercial transfluthrin-based insecticide (T-BI) on behavior (body bends, pharyngeal pumping rate, and feeding attributes) and biochemical biomarkers (AChE, PolyQ40 aggregations, HSP, antioxidative SOD, CTL, and GST) following three different protocols (transgenerational, neonatal, and lifespan) in Caenorhabditis elegans model system. The relative calculated dose (RCD) and relative calculated half dose (RCHD) of T-BI were compared with those of the control (water). T-BI reduced the health span of worms treated during their whole life and changed biochemical and behavioral patterns due to progenitors' uterine (transgenerational) and neonatal exposures. It was inferred that the effects of T-BI are transgenerational and persistent and can be harmful to non-target species, including humans. In addition, our findings highlight that T-BI contact by progenitors accelerates the establishment of Huntington's disease and causes a cholinergic outbreak in offspring adulthood.

Interface-Dependent Selectivity in Plasmon-Driven Chemical Reactions

Plasmonic nanoparticles can drive chemical reactions powered by sunlight. These processes involve the excitation of surface plasmon resonances (SPR) and the subsequent charge transfer to adsorbed molecular orbitals. Nonetheless, controlling the flow of energy and charge from SPR to adsorbed molecules is still difficult to predict or tune. Here, we show the crucial role of halide ions in modifying the energy landscape of a plasmon-driven chemical reaction by carefully engineering the nanoparticle-molecule interface. By doing so, the selectivity of plasmon-driven chemical reactions can be controlled, either enhancing or inhibiting the metal-molecule charge and energy transfer or by regulating the vibrational pumping rate. These results provide an elegant method for controlling the energy flow from plasmonic nanoparticles to adsorbed molecules, in situ, and selectively targeting chemical bonds by changing the chemical nature of the metal-molecule interface.

Perencanaan Kebutuhan Pompa Untuk Sistem Dewatering Tambang Emas Desa Bakan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow

One of the most frequent problems in open pit mining methods is the presence of water puddles in the lowest elevation of the pit. This often causesthe delay of production activities.Therefore, it is a need to design a good drainage system planning to deal with it. In this regard, pumps were needed. The aim of this research was to determine the of needed pumps and the best type of pumps to remove water in the pit effectively. This research used maps of mining sequence planningwhich would be then analysed with software Surpac 6.5.1.This was to identifythe width of catchment area. Furthermore, the rainfall data wasanalysed using polygon Thiessen method. The next process is to determine the rainfall plan with Gumbel method. Next was to determine the rainfall intensity plan by using Mononobe equations. Following this was determine the total discharge using rational method. Finally, the process was ended with the determining of the pumps type and pumps spesification to dry the water puddles in the pit. the result indicated that in the sump of the 3rd quarter 2020 with 100 l / sec pumping flow, pumping time 14 hours, total head 76.26 m, recommended pump type is a Multiflo MFC 385 with a rotation speed of recommendation per minute of 1400-1500, and an efficiency of 60% -65%. For 4th quarter sump 2020 with 105l / sec pumping discharge, 20 hour pumping time, total head 105,91 m, recommended type of pump is Multiflo MFC 385 with rotation speed recommendation permenit 1600-1700, with efficiency 60%. For the 1st quarter sump 2021 with a pumping rate of 102 l/sec, the pumping time is 20 hours, total head is 122.26 m, the recommended type of pump is Multiflo MFC 385 with a rotation speed of recommendation per minute 1700-1800, with 50% -60% efficiency. It can be suggested that it is necessary to add one more pump, Multiflo MFC 385, for the dewatering pit process.

Mud loss behavior in fractured formation with high temperature and pressure

Drilling into fractured formations can easily lead to mud loss, which significantly affects drilling efficiency and increases drilling costs. In high-temperature and high-pressure environments, changes in mud properties render mud loss more uncontrollable. On the basis of a mud performance test in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, and considering the time-varying characteristics of wellbore temperature and pressure and the distribution law of fracture temperature and pressure, a coupling model of temperature and pressure in the wellbore and fracture was established in this study. The developed model was solved numerically using the finite difference approximation, and the characteristics of the mud loss were analyzed. The effects of geothermal gradient, fracture parameters (fracture width, fracture length, and deformation capacity), mud properties (viscosity, yield value, and specific heat capacity), and operating conditions on mud loss were investigated. The model was validated using field measurement-while-drilling tool data of the LD1 well in the South China Sea. The results show that the average errors between the calculated temperature and pressure results of the numerical model and the actual data are 2.45% and 0.57%, respectively, which proves that the model has high accuracy in the prediction of the bottom hole temperature and pressure. A comparison of the predicted data of mud loss with the actual measured data indicates that the average error of the mud leakage model is 4.23%. This also demonstrates that the model has a high accuracy in predicting mud loss. In addition, the results show that the mud performance changes significantly under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, which has a significant influence on mud loss. The geothermal gradient affected the mud properties and thus significantly affected the mud loss characteristics. The larger the mud pumping rate, the larger the bottomhole pressure difference and the more serious the mud loss. Blindly increasing mud viscosity is not advisable because it may lead to more serious losses. With an increase in the mud yield value, the mud flow resistance in the fractures can be significantly increased to inhibit mud loss. The larger the mud-specific heat capacity, the less mud loss is affected by the temperature. With an increase in the fracture width, the degree of mud loss gradually decreased. The larger the fracture length and deformation capacity, the more serious the mud loss. The fracture length and width could be inverted using the developed model.

Hydraulic head difference at two sides of suspended waterproof curtain during multi-grade dewatering of excavation

This paper proposes an approach to calculate the head difference at two sides of suspended waterproof curtains during multi-grade dewatering. The seepage during the dewatering process can be subdivided into three regions: (i) seepage in pit, (ii) seepage between curtains, and (iii) seepage outside the pit. The flow rate of the first region is equal to the pumping rate, and the flow rate of the second and third regions can be obtained by numerical analysis. A numerical model is established to simulate the seepage in the second and third regions and its performance is validated by using the measured data of a series of field tests. The flow rate of each region is then used to derive formulae for the head difference in conventional dewatering, which can be used to determine the head difference at two sides of each waterproof curtain during multi-grade dewatering. The proposed formula expresses the head difference as a function of the relative depth of the curtain inserted into the confined aquifer, the thickness of the aquifer, the distance between two curtains, and the anisotropy of the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. The proposed numerical approach is further validated by using data derived from numerical analysis. The validation results demonstrated that the predictions of the proposed approach are acceptable and convenient.

One Ranney Well Can Make a Difference: The Impacts of a Radial Collector Well on Groundwater Level and Quality in the Cedar River Alluvial Aquifer

AbstractThe City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, depends on groundwater from the Cedar River alluvial aquifer for residential and industrial use. In 2020, the city completed an additional radial collector well, or Ranney well, and was concerned that pumping from the well at high rates may lower water level elevations in the aquifer, reduce yields from nearby production wells, and change the quality of produced water. During an operational test of the well's pumps, the U.S. Geological Survey and the city collected water level and water quality data to evaluate the effects of increased pumping rates on the aquifer and nearby production wells. Results indicated that a high rate of pumping from the new well caused sustained declines in water levels near the well and other nearby production wells, and, if maintained, the aquifer water level in the vicinity would continue to decline to levels observed during the 2012 drought. Aquifer specific conductance and temperature were altered and matched trends and values of the river, and river‐to‐well travel time was shortened from 7‐17 days to about 3 days. Results may also provide insights to other municipal water resource managers when considering wellfield design, production expectations, and long‐term management strategies for radial collector well production during drought, low streamflow, and times when high concentrations of nitrate‐N or organic pesticide compounds in the river may limit production options.

Numerical Simulation Research on the Effect of Artificial Barrier Properties on Fracture Height

Hydraulic fracturing is an important measurement for the stimulation of oil and gas wells and is widely used in the development of low-permeability and ultra-low-permeability reservoirs. However, fractures can pass through barriers with poor properties during fracturing, resulting in fractures that do not reach the pre-designed length. In a worse situation, it is possible to communicate with the water layer and cause sudden water flooding, resulting in the failure of the fracturing construction. In order to improve the efficiency of fracturing construction, an effective way to control the height of fractures is by laying diverting agents to form artificial barriers. In this study, we established a three-dimensional numerical calculation model of fracture propagation, considering artificial barriers in the finite element analysis framework; the fracture propagation is governed by a cohesive zone model. The influence of artificial barriers with different Young’s modulus and different permeability on the fracture height was simulated and calculated. Different fracture geometries under different pumping injection rates were also considered. The simulation results show that the smaller the Young’s modulus of the artificial barrier, the smaller the extension in the direction of the fracture height: when its Young’s modulus is 28 GPa, the half fracture height is about 25 m, while when Young’s modulus increases to 36 GPa, the half fracture height increases by about 10m. When the fracture does not penetrate the artificial barrier area, the larger the Young’s modulus, the smaller the fracture width and the larger the fracture height. With the change in the permeability of the artificial barrier, the change in the fracture width direction of the fracturing fracture is only about 0.5 m, but the inhibition on the fracture height direction is more obvious; in the case of maximum permeability and minimum permeability, the fracture height change is 10 m. The influence of pumping injection rates on the width and height of the fracture is obvious: with the increase in the pumping rates, both the height and width of the fractures increase. However, when the pumping rate increases from 0.12 m3/s to 0.14 m3/s, the change in the direction of fracture height is no longer significant, and the increase is only 0.6 m. This study investigates the role of artificial barrier properties and pumping rates in controlling fracture height extension, clarifies the feasibility of artificial barriers to control fracture height technology, and provides guidance for the selection of diverting agents and the determination of the pumping rate in the process of fracturing construction.

Operation optimization study of water pump production model based on low-carbon economy concept

The inventory and delivery rate of water pump are affected largely by the production mode. In order to improve the operation optimization of water pump production model, the simulation test method and system dynamics model were selected in the manuscript. Three different production modes, namely traditional make-to-order (MTO) model, make-to-stock (MTS) mode, and MTO & MTS model, were compared in terms of the indicators such as the inventory, productivity and delivery rate of water pump. Moreover, the three above production modes were also assessed by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that it is not well adapted in practical applications for the MTS production model with an intermediate level of inventory and customer demand satisfaction. The MTO production model is appropriate when it’s easy to predict the customer demand that fluctuates scarcely. The MTO & MTS production model should be selected when it’s difficult to predict the customer demand that fluctuates sharply. After comprehensive evaluation, the MTO & MTS production model is the best choice for pump.

Human butyrylcholinesterase in Cohn fraction IV-4 purified in a single chromatography step on Hupresin.

Protection from the toxicity of nerve agents is achieved by pretreatment with human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Current methods for purifying large quantities of BChE from frozen Cohn fraction IV-4 produce 99% pure enzyme, but the yield is low (21%). Our goal was to simplify the purification procedure and increase the yield. Butyrylcholinesterase was extracted from frozen Cohn fraction IV-4 in 10 volumes of water pH 6. The filtered extract was pumped onto a Hupresin affinity column. The previously utilized anion exchange chromatography step was omitted. Solvent and detergent reagents used to inactivate lipid enveloped virus, bacteria and protozoa did not bind to Hupresin. BChE was eluted with 0.1 M tetramethylammonium bromide in 20 mM sodium phosphate pH 8.0. BChE protein was concentrated on a Pellicon tangential flow filtration system and demonstrated to be highly purified by mass spectrometry. A high pump rate produced protein aggregates, but a low pump rate caused minimal turbidity. Possible contamination by prekallikrein and prekallikrein activator was examined by LC-MS/MS and by a chromogenic substrate assay for kallikrein activity. Prekallikrein and kallikrein were not detected by mass spectrometry in the 99% pure BChE. The chromogenic assay indicated kallikrein activity was less than 9 mU/mL. This new, 1-step chromatography protocol on Hupresin increased the yield of butyrylcholinesterase by 200%. The new method significantly reduces production costs by optimizing yield of 99% pure butyrylcholinesterase.

Effects of injection directions and boundary exchange times on adaptive pumping in heterogeneous porous media: Pore-scale simulation

Adaptive pumping, changing pumping rates or exchanging injection and extraction wells, is an enhancement of traditional Pump-and-Treat (P&T) technology. Since most previous studies on adaptive pumping are conducted through field-scale simulations, the mechanism behind it is not fully understood. An in-depth investigation of the pore-scale remediation mechanism of adaptive pumping is undoubtedly helpful in combining it with other decontamination methods to further enhance the remediation efficiency. In this study, coupling the Cahn–Hilliard phase field method and the Navier-Stokes equations, the dynamic displacement process in a heterogeneous porous medium is obtained. The effects of initial injection direction, boundary exchange times, and displacement regimes on the interface evolution and the remediation efficiency are systematically investigated. The results present that a significant increase in phase interface area is the most critical remediation mechanism for adaptive pumping. The effects of injection directions and boundary exchange times on remediation performance are mainly determined by the differences in pore connectivity and flow parameters. Higher pore connectivity under high and low viscosity ratios inhibits and promotes remediation performance, respectively. At high viscosity ratios, the residual oil morphology in the matrix after adaptive pumping is similar to that obtained by positive pumping with the opposite initial injection direction. The improvement in remediation performance of adaptive pumping is more significant under low viscosity ratio conditions. These results provide new pore-scale insights into the remediation mechanism of adaptive pumping, which contribute to the design and application of innovative remediation methods.

PROPPANT MIGRATION WITHIN A ROUGH HYDRAULIC FRACTURE

Hydraulic fracturing creates a fracture network that enhances the hydrocarbon flow from the tight reservoir where the proppant migration determines the conductivity of the propped fracture, and thus, the well productivity. Core observations from the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS) show that hydraulic fractures are denser than initially designed and most of them are not well propped. Understanding the proppant migration in the thin and rough fracture is crucial to the optimization of the pumping scheme in the field. In this work, a transparent rough fracture model is duplicated from a hydraulically fractured outcrop by the epoxy resin with the dimension 300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm. The settling rate of sands is quantified in this rough fracture model under different mimicked pumping conditions, from which a model is built to help estimate the growth of propped hydraulic fracture under different pumping rates, sand ratios, sand diameters, and fracturing time during field operations. The model corrects the classic Stokes' law for proppant settlement within a narrow and rough fracture. Results indicate that the equilibrium height and migration rate of the sandbank increase with the sand ratio and decrease with the pumping rate. After being compared with results obtained from Fluent simulations, a numerical model is further proposed to predict the growth of a propped fracture in the field scale.

Investigation of pressure wave propagation and attenuation characteristics in managed pressure drilling by fast switching throttle valve

Pressure waves possess many significant applications in the oil and gas drilling engineering field, such as mud pulse telemetry (MPT) and measurement while drilling (MWD). The focus of this research is to study the pressure wave propagation and attenuation characteristics of wellbore liquid-phase flow in managed pressure drilling (MPD) by fast switching throttle valve (FSTV). First, a mathematical model of transient pressure wave propagation along the wellbore in both upstream and downstream directions is proposed in MPD by FSTV based on the one-dimensional transient flow theory. The model considering the frictional shear effect between the pipe walls is solved by utilizing the method of characteristics. Meanwhile, boundary conditions at the drill string inlet and annulus outlet, at the throttle valve, at the junction of drill bit, and at the reducer are adequately taken into account according to the actual situation of fluid flow. Second, a laboratory experiment of excited pressure waves in a vertical wellbore is conducted to measure the variation of the pressure fluctuation with different pump rates by FSTV. Comparing with the measurement result, the calculation result is discovered that the overall change is consistent, where the maximum absolute relative error at the peak of the pressure wave is only 4.5%. Finally, it further analyzes influential factors affecting the propagation and attenuation behaviors of wellbore pressure waves in liquid-phase flow based on the model. The results indicate that pressure waveforms present sinusoidal wave propagation, and pump rates, pressure wave speed, excitation time, fluid type, mud density, fluid viscosity, and borehole size exert varying degrees of influence on downhole pressure fluctuations. The proposed model achieves accurate quantitative interpretation and analysis of downhole pressure wave in MPD by FSTV, which has important significance for the realization of safe and efficient drilling.

EO solution to overcome the transient regime of a “cavity dumped” UV source, or how to work in chopped mode outside the transient regime?

The "cavity dumped" laser architecture is a very efficient solution for having a high-efficiency pulsed laser source with a shorter pulse duration than a classic Q-Switch laser architecture. This solution makes it possible to obtain laser beams of almost constant pulse duration independently of the repetition rate and the pumping rate and to obtain very good conversion efficiency at 2w and 3w. Unfortunately, this architecture suffers from a handicap with a duration of the transient regime that can exceed ten milliseconds. The very long duration of this transient state makes this architecture incompatible with inherently transient applications such as marking or laser micro-machining. We propose here an electro-optical solution to decorrelate the transient state specific to the CD architecture and that of introduced by the application.

SIZING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A STANDALONE SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM FOR A THREE-PHASE SUBMERSIBLE PUMPING MACHINE CONSIDERING THE TECHNO-ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVES: A CASE OF SUPER FARM ILORIN

The solar photovoltaic system is an alternative power supply source that could aid the economic growth of a nation. However, improper sizing of the system leads to a high installation cost and a low level of penetration in the energy mix. This paper focused on the appropriate sizing and implementation of a standalone solar system for a three-phase pump machine in a farm in Ilorin, Nigeria. The pump rating was determined manually as 20HP, with a flow rate of 180,000 L/h. Consequently, the daily load and solar global horizontal irradiance data were acquired and used for sizing the PV system using HOMER Pro software. Fifty-six solar panels with a total area of 120.4 m2 were proposed and installed to achieve a total power of 22.4 kW required for the machine's operation. The levelised cost of energy is 0.4007 $/kWh as against the cost of energy when the farm was running on generators with an energy cost of 4.170 $/kWh. The economic analysis of the system for the farm shows the NPC and COE of the system configuration are $28,341.91 and 0.4007 $/kWh, respectively.

Analysis of Emissions Profiles of Hydraulic Fracturing Engine Technologies

Today, the oil and gas industry, and in particular hydraulic fracturing operations, have come under increasing pressure from regulators and the public to reduce emissions. As the industry evolves, oil and gas producers are in the position of evaluating alternative technologies which will support their objectives of reducing their overall emissions profile and carbon footprint. As a response, the deployment of technology and solutions to reduce emissions related to hydraulic fracturing applications has recently accelerated, creating various options to address these industry challenges. BJ Energy Solutions and West Virginia University have been working on the application and emissions characterization of various hydraulic fracturing technologies. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and resultant emissions from various technologies, including natural gas reciprocating engines, diesel-natural gas dual-fuel engines, large (>24 MW) gas turbines, and direct drive turbines. The study involved the development of an emissions model with the purpose of estimating total emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and exhaust methane (CH4) slip, all Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), and converted to tons of CO2 equivalent emissions per day of operation. The model inputs are the required Hydraulic Horsepower (HHP) based on pumping rate and pressure for various shale play scenarios. The model calculates emissions from the TITAN, which is a direct-drive turbine model fielded by BJ, using data collected following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) testing protocols. The model also calculates and compares other hydraulic fracturing technologies utilizing published Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) data. Relevant EPA-regulated criteria emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM) are also reported. Modeling results demonstrated that in most cases, the TITAN gas turbine system has lower total GHG emissions than conventional diesel and other next-generation technologies, and also has lower criteria emissions. The benefits of the TITAN gas turbine system compared to the other technologies stems from significantly lower methane slip, and the high-power transfer efficiency resulting from directly connecting a turbine to a reciprocating pump, despite the comparatively lower thermal efficiency.

Pharyngeal pumping rate does not reflect lifespan extension in C. elegans transgenerational longevity mutants.

Epigenetic modifications must be reprogrammed with each new generation. In Caenorhabditis elegans , defects in histone methylation reprogramming allow for the transgenerational acquisition of longevity. For example, mutations in the putative H3K9 demethylase JHDM-1 extend lifespan after six to ten generations. We noticed that long-lived jhdm-1 mutants appear healthier than wild-type animals from the same generation. To quantify health, we compared the common metric of pharyngeal pumping rate at specific adult ages between early-gen populations with normal lifespans and late-gen populations with long lifespans. Longevity did not affect pumping rate, but long-lived mutants stop pumping at a younger age, suggesting a possible conservation of energy to extend lifespan.

Influence on the concentration of drug solution in a venous reservoir by the change of flow rate of a blood pump

Influence on the concentration of drug solution in a venous reservoir by the change of flow rate of a blood pump

Watt-Level High-Efficiency Deep-Red Ho3+:ZBLAN Fiber Laser

To date, Ho <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> -doped fluoride fibers have been investigated as a viable route for deep-red fiber lasers. However, high output performance deep-red fiber lasers around 750 nm have been proven challenging to achieve due to limitations in both the excitation source and pumping mechanism. In this study, we use a home-made 640 nm pump source to develop a deep-red laser with a high pumping rate, and obtain a compact watt-level high efficiency deep-red laser output. Population inversion is achieved by strong excited state absorption in a Ho <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> -doped ZBLAN fiber. We realize a maximum 1.46 W deep-red fiber laser operating at 752.6 nm, and its slope efficiency is as high as 53%. The improved rate equations are used to describe the quasi-four-level system, and the experimental results agree well with the simulations. Moreover, with the development of blazed grating, we demonstrate a tunable deep-red fiber laser with a tuning range of 13.7 nm, from 746.5 to 760.2 nm, which is the widest tuning range of Ho <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> -doped fiber laser at deep-red wavelengths.