Pumping Equipment Research Articles

Pump Feature Construction and Electrical Energy Consumption Prediction Based on Feature Engineering and LightGBM Algorithm

In recent years, research on improving the energy consumption ratio of pumping equipment through control algorithms has improved. However, the actual behavior of pump equipment and pump characteristic information do not always correspond, resulting in deviations between the calculated energy consumption operating point and the actual operating point. This eventually results in wasted power. To solve this problem, the data from circulating pumping equipment in a large pumping facility are analyzed, and the necessary characteristics of pumping equipment electrical energy consumption are analyzed through a subset of mechanism expansion feature engineering using the Pearson correlation coefficient algorithm. Based on this, a pump energy consumption prediction method based on LightGBM is constructed and compared with other algorithm models. To improve the generalization ability of the model, rules applicable to pump power energy consumption prediction are proposed, and the model features and processes are reduced. Based on the mechanistic model, 18 features related to electric energy consumption are selected, and 6 necessary features of pump electric energy consumption are screened by feature engineering. The experimental results show that the LightGBM regression algorithm has a significant prediction effect with R2=0.94. After the importance analysis, three features that are strongly related to pump energy consumption are finally screened out. According to the prediction results, the feature engineering dataset was selected and the pump electrical energy consumption was predicted based on the LightGBM algorithm, which can significantly reduce the problem of deviation in the prediction of the electrical energy consumption of pumping equipment.

ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВСАСЫВАЮЩИХ И НАПОРНЫХ ЛИНИЙ ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ НАСОСНЫХ СТАНЦИЙ

When pumping equipment transporting liquid to the hydraulic network is operating, the flow rate, pressure losses, total energy, all these parameters are directly related to the efficiency value and the pressure line, and the entire fluid supply process is pulsating, there are practically no recommendations on this issue in modern literature. Methods. The paper presents the effect of the total energy of the pressure line on the hydraulic parameters of the suction line: - the effect of total energy on the hydraulic parameters of the suction line when the sampling points are changed by the consumer; - the influence of the hydraulic parameters of the pressure line on the permissible vacuum-metric suction height of hydraulic equipment. As a result of the analysis of the above dependencies, it shows that when the flow sampling points are changed by consumers, the hydraulic parameters of the pressure pipeline and, accordingly, the hydraulic parameters of the suction pipeline change under the condition of a constant value of H_г^2. The main results. Based on the analysis of the above table, it was found that with a constant value of the suction height Hгв = 3 m, the operation of the above example with a pump K90/85 is possible in one case, with a calculated excess of the permissible vacuum suction height H_доп^вак = 3,4 m above the value of the total energy in the suction pipeline Э1=3,8m on 0,4m. In other operational variants, the geometric suction height of the Hгв is unacceptably small, which leads to a complete cessation of supply. The novelty of the work. Calculation of the parameters of the K90/85 pump, the example given, can serve as an analogue of the calculation for all categories of centrifugal pumping equipment with a positive suction height. Conclusions. In the calculations of the pump head, it should be borne in mind that when the points of consumer consumption selection change and, accordingly, the total energy change, the pump head for each subsequent point should be calculated taking into account the decrease in the calculated difference in total losses and the high-speed head of the suction and pressure lines Δhв.

ANALYSIS BASED ON THE INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL IMPURITIES IN THE OIL WELL ON THE SUBMERSIBLE PUMPING EQUIPMENT

The oil and gas companies are working to improve effective ways and technologies to combat the factors that complicate stable oil production. Among the main factors complicating oil well operation is the resistance of mechanical impurities in the reservoir fluid. Nowadays electrical centrifugal pumping units are widely used in the most part of oil production, and intensive ejection of mechanical impurities together with the oil during operation in the well is considered as the main problem of oil producing companies. This article considers the optimal methods and technologies of protection against formation of mechanical impurities and their reverse impact during operation of submersible pumps during oil and gas field development. The comparative analysis of the reasons of failures of pumping equipment and overhaul stages of wells produced by the given pumping technologies with respect to mechanical impurities has been carried out. The proposals to increase the complex of effective measures to protect submersible pumping equipment from mechanical impurities in difficult well conditions and the corresponding overhaul period have been developed

Transition processes during the start-up of the pumping unit of happ

The transition processes of the centrifugal pump in hydro accumulation power plant (HAPP) are studied in the article. The reliability of the pumping system is increased by the correct selection of the parameters of the transition process when regulating the operation of the pumping units. This prevents vibration damage and erosion. Based on the results obtained by calculating the hydraulic shock and the pressure loss in the system together, damage and failures in the pumping equipment and the network can be avoided. The results and graphs allow you to choose the right electric motor for the pump unit, taking into account the required pressure and water supply. Technical and economic efficiency is achieved by choosing a rated electric motor for the pump unit. Constructing graphic descriptions of the pump, determined the magnitude of the hydraulic effect in the grapho-analytical method.

РАЗРАБОТКА И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИМИТАЦИОННОЙ МОДЕЛИ ЦЕХА КОМПАУНДИРОВАНИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫХ БЕНЗИНОВ

Compounding commercial fuels is an important final stage of the entire production process chain in an oil refinery which defines the economic effectiveness of the company’s manufacturing activities. This paper addresses a simulation model for the compounding process for commercial gasolines. The Model is based on discrete linear programming. The target function for the optimization model is the ratio of the difference between the value of the salable product and the costs incurred by manufacturing components and electrical power to the final volume of the salable product, as well as the time it takes to prepare. The optimization model leads to the conclusion about the practicability of the in-flow blending, as well as of the necessity of selecting the right pumping equipment. The optimization model can be applied to primary calculations of economic effectiveness of the various options of organizing the process for the compounding of commercial gasolines.

The optimization method of control precision of injection system in well metering

Based on the analysis of the current situation of single well metering, data acquisition and control mode of oilfield injection system, the data acquisition and control mode of polymer injection volume and dilution water injection volume of single well were optimized and improved respectively. The automatic control of injection volume of single well was realized, the injection accuracy and time effect of metering and control were enhanced, and the work intensity of employees was reduced. Meanwhile, the polymer and dilution water injection volume and the abnormal alarm function of water metering regulation were increased. These make the operation of flow regulator, pump and other equipment in injection station more reasonable, and improve the operation life and efficiency of system equipment.

Применение алгоритмов кластеризации для обнаружения нештатного состояния нефтеперекачивающего оборудования

Применение алгоритмов кластеризации для обнаружения нештатного состояния нефтеперекачивающего оборудования

Аналитическая оценка радиуса действия пожарного резервуара и пожарного водоёма

PURPOSE. Draft amendments and addendums to code 8.13130.2020 “Fire protection systems. Outdoor fire-fighting water supply. Fire safety requirements”, according to which it is proposed to increase working radius of fire tanks and fire reservoirs to 400 m are analyzed. Regulatory documents regarding outdoor fire-fighting water supply for the period from 1947 to the present are examined. The authors analyzed aspects related to determining operating range of a fire tank and an artificial fire reservoir, depending on the capabilities of fire departments and fire-fighting equipment. Such aspects include level of equipping main fire trucks and technical capabilities of pumping equipment for using water sources located at a distance of up to 400 m from the fire site, as well as the number of combat crews arriving at the fire scene. METHODS. System and structural analysis, mathematical statistics, descriptive analysis were used. FINDINGS. The authors proposed and analyzed possible schemes for using water sources located at a distance of more than 200 m from protected objects; analytical characteristics of pump-hose systems for the proposed schemes were obtained; the operating characteristics of a fire pump and pump-hose systems were constructed in the same coordinate systems. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The results can be used when making a final decision to increase the operating range of fire tanks and fire reservoirs. CONCLUSIONS. With working radius of buildings and structures with fire tanks and artificial reservoirs, the value of which will exceed 200 m, the time of emergency rescue services deployment and free fire development will increase; operational capabilities of fire department to solve related tasks will be reduced; water supply for firefighting will be provided by at least two medium or heavy class fire trucks; organizing water supply into pumping with sequential operation of fire truck pumps will be required.

Accounting for the energy efficiency of the operation of pumping equipment in the monitoring system of large pumping stations of the Republic of Uzbekistan

An analysis of the works devoted to the study of the technical condition of the pumping stations of the republic shows that at present there is no comprehensive system for monitoring the technical condition of large pumping stations of the republic. The works of the authors are devoted to the study of individual energy parameters, indicators of the technical condition and the level of safety of equipment and structures of pumping stations. The purpose of the research is the development and software of the module “Accounting for the energy efficiency of the operation of pumping equipment” in the system for monitoring the efficient operation of large pumping stations in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The set goal was to solve the following problems: development of a methodology for determining the energy consumption standards of pumps and pumping stations, taking into account the aging of equipment; development of an algorithm for calculating the main indicators of energy consumption of pumping equipment and pumping stations; compiling a program in the algorithmic language Turbo Pascal; creation of forms in the form of spreadsheets for calculating the energy indicators of pumping stations based on the compiled program in MS Excell 2010 and MS Access 2010. According to the developed methodology, the software in the Turbo Pascal algorithmic language, as well as the created spreadsheet forms on the MS Excell 2010 and MS Access 2010 platforms, the energy efficiency of pumping equipment of 12 pumping stations was calculated and evaluated.

Energy Consumption Analysis and Optimization of Electric Submersible Pump System

Electric submersible pumps account for a considerable proportion in the development of the Bohai Oilfield. Improving the system efficiency of the electric submersible pump wells, ensuring that the units operate in the high-efficiency zone, is essential. Analysis shows that the efficiency of the electric submersible pump system depends on the wear and tear of each component of the submersible pump equipment, the setting of operational parameters, and more importantly, the production status and daily management level of the oil well. Therefore, improving the structural performance of the submersible pump product, optimizing the parameters setting of the oil well, strengthening daily management, establishing a scientific management system, and improving the production management process and system can effectively improve the production efficiency and economic benefits of the oil well, and further achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction. In addition, it is necessary to actively promote the concept and technology of energy saving and emission reduction, encourage oilfield enterprises to explore effective measures to reduce the energy consumption of the electric submersible pump system by strengthening the scientific management system, and achieve a green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of oilfield production to achieve the unity of economic benefits, social benefits, and environmental benefits. This article applies the above measures in the P oilfield to achieve energy optimization of submersible electric pump systems, reducing the daily power consumption of single well submersible electric pump systems by 371 kWh per day, increasing the submersible electric pump's lifespan by 200 days, generating considerable project benefits.

Reducing vibration of pumping units of reclamation systems

The article presents the results of scientific research on the operation of pumping equipment at reclamation pumping stations. In pumping stations, more and more attention is being paid to measures to maintain the reliability and efficiency of pumping units and reduce the negative impact of factors of various origins. One of the most significant factors affecting the service life of the equipment is the increased vibration of the pumping unit. According to the analysis of failures of pumping equipment at pumping stations in Uzbekistan for 2010-2021, more than 40% of the pump stops occurred due to increased vibration. The most common cause of vibration of pumping equipment is waterjet and cavitation wear of the impeller, destruction of seals, wear, and temperature rise of the bearing. The greatest vibration occurs when the equipment is operated in heavy and non-optimal modes. As a result of the generalization of the research results, active methods and means of reducing the vibration of pumping units were identified.

Establishment of possibility of transferring part of machine irrigation land to gravity irrigation

The increasing shortage of energy resources and difficulties associated with repairing or replacing pumping equipment requires the search for alternative solutions to machine irrigation of land. This article substantiates the possibility of a phased transition of lands in the Bandykhan district from machine irrigation to gravity irrigation. To save money, the transition to gravity irrigation is planned to be carried out without reconstruction of the canal, obtaining the maximum benefit from water accumulation.

ASSESSMENT OF THE OPERABILITY OF THE WATER HEATING SYSTEM, NOT RELEVANT TO THE PROJECT

When designing water heating systems, it is necessary to avoid unjustified use of excess equipment, exceeding diameters beyond the required values, etc. In reality, there are deviations from the project during installation, which lead to the need to revise the parameters of the system's operability. One of the cases is the replacement of pipelines of one diameter with another. Consideration of the prospects for the operation of such a heating system by example is the purpose of this work.
 For example, the water heating system in a residential 11-storey building in Brest (Belarus) built in 2019 is considered. The house has designed an apartment-by-apartment two-pipe horizontal water heating system with the installation of heat meters for each apartment. When installing the heating system, the apartment-by-apartment branches of the heating system were mounted with polyethylene pipelines with a diameter of 18×2,5 mm and 14×2 mm instead of the design 25×3,5 mm and 16×2 mm.
 To analyze the prospects for the functioning of the designed heating system, calculations of hydraulic resistances in the system at maximum coolant flow rates were performed, as well as their correlation with the parameters of the pumping equipment installed in the individual heating point.
 Calculations have shown that the installed pump is sufficient for the operation of the heating system with the actual diameters of the pipelines. Thus, the actually applied pipe diameters do not adversely affect the performance of the heating system in question.

Analisa kebocoran line warming up high pressure boiler feed pump menggunakan metode root cause and failure analysis di Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas & Uap Grati

The reliability of the Grati Gas And Steam Power Plant equipment is highly maintained to support the operational readiness of the generation. The feed water system at the Grati Gas And Steam Power Plant is one of the most important factors, especially in the feed water pump equipment. One of the pumps that is highly reliable is the High Pressure Boiler Feed Water Pump which is used as a tool for supply feed water to the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. However, from the recap data of disturbances in the Grati Gas And Steam Power Plant, leaks often occur in the system, precisely in the line warming up which serves to provide flow to the standby High Pressure Boiler Feed Water Pump and comes from the backflow of the High Pressure Feed Water Header to the Discharge side of the pump. Analysis related to the leak is very necessary in order to minimize losses due to the occurrence of the disturbance using the Root Cause And Failure Analysis method to eliminate the main disturbance causing the leak. The research variables used include the independent variable: regulating the pump discharge opening, the dependent variable: flow rate and valve warming up opening and the controlled variable: standby pump temperature and pump operating temperature. By conducting a series of trials setting the discharge valve opening of the High Pressure Boiler Feed Water Pump starting from 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%. The results of these tests can be concluded that the greater the opening of the pump discharge valve, the higher the speed and flow rate, while the pump discharge pressure will decrease.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF WATER PUMPING EQUIPMENT USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS

The problem of equipment repair management in water supply systems is considered. The purpose of the study is to study the issues of the possibility of classifying the technical condition of pumping equipment through the use of modern machine learning models. Classification is carried out on the data that were obtained by vibration diagnostics during the maintenance of pumping units. The initial data is converted into chalk spectrograms, the results of the conversion are presented as images. The model classifies time series according to one of three states: satisfactory, acceptable, not acceptable. Accuracy assessment is carried out by calculating indicators such as: precision, recall, F1-score. Since each class has a different number of measurements in the source data, the accuracy is determined by calculating each of the indicators for each class separately and then averaging them. Convolutional neural networks are used to classify images. To solve the problem, a network with a deep ResNet-50 architecture was chosen. The accuracy indicators that the network showed in other classification tasks and the speed of network learning determined the choice of this configuration. The average value of the precision indicator reaches 0.81, recall 0.90, and F1-score 0.85, which is a good result for the top-1 criterion. Classification of chalk spectrograms obtained from the initial data shows good results, despite the fact that the data has not been cleared of noise. The proposed methods and models have been tested on real data, which confirms the possibility of their use in the development of an intelligent information system for managing the technical condition of pumping equipment.

Application of clustering algorithms to detect abnormal state of pumping equipment

The article is devoted to detection of an abnormal and pre-emergency state of pumping equipment using clustering and anomaly search algorithms. A background for research is the need to search for and apply methods for assessing the technical condition and identifying emerging defects in an automated mode for a wide range of equipment that give results at an earlier stage than existing ones. To achieve this goal, we consider the use of machine learning methods to analyze the parameters of equipment operation over a certain time period in order to create an algorithm for detecting anomalies in data, which in this case will be signs of abnormal operation. This article discusses the application of clustering based on the k-means method. So, in this research three normal operating modes of pumping equipment were recognized in the synthesized data. Based on the analysis of the distribution of each measurement to the corresponding nearest cluster centroid, the maximum distance from each measurement point to it was determined, which further served as a criterion for classifying a certain measurement as data outliers. As a result of the analysis, five measurements were identified that correspond to the abnormal operation of oil pumping equipment. Also, the ranges of normal operation of the equipment were compiled for each of the measured parameters of its operation, which forms the threshold values for classifying the state of the equipment as an abnormal or emergency state. The proposed approach has such advantages as the possibility of full automation, adaptation to various operating modes of the equipment, no need to share data outside the pumping station, early detection of emerging defects and the onset of an emergency.

Increasing the efficiency of operating time and reducing maintenance time of transport systems

The Gremikhinsky oil field contains heavy-grade, high-sulfur, high-resinous, paraffin-base crude oil, and the produced reservoir fluid is highly corrosive. All this results in the formation of asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) and stable oil-water emulsions, which in turn leads to premature failure of downhole pumping equipment. In this work, the scope of measures to prevent malfunctions of pumping units is considered. The use of the SONKOR-9701 inhibitor through a special design of the ESP power cable with a capillary conveying line for supplying the chemical reagent to the reception delivers the chemical reagent directly to the required entry point with the most effective dosage and ensures a prompt change of the dosage and type of the reagent. With this technology, the reagent is not consumed for the repletion of the oil column in the annular space; its adsorption is on the surface of the casing and tubing. Thus, the reagent targeted with just specific technological causes and the greatest effect is ensured. Due to the introduction of a special cable with a capillary conveying line, it is planned to increase the average operating time for failure and, consequently, reduce the maintenance job at the Gremikhinsky oil field. It is also predicted the additional volume of extraction because of a special submersible cable device (SSCD), as well as by increasing the delivery (capacity) rate of the pump.

Negative Pressure Gauge on a Suction Pump Equipped with MIT APP Inventor-Based Measurement Data Input and Storage

Research conducted by Muhaji, Bedjo Santoso, Putrono on the comparison of the effectiveness of two levels of suction pressure on oxygen saturation in endotracheal tube patients. The findings show that there is a significant effect of negative pressure on oxygen saturation. So that the use of the pressure value must be ensured that it is appropriate so as not to injure the patient. The accuracy and accuracy of the pressure value can be ensured by calibrating the suction pump with a calibrator, namely Digital Pressure Meter. From this case, a digital pressure meter module was created with an application. This tool serves to read the pressure value on the suction pump in real time. This tool was created with the aim of measuring negative pressure on a suction pump which is equipped with an application for inputting and storing measurement data based on the MIT App Inventor to make it easier for users to input tool identity and calibration results. To get results that are in accordance with the purpose of writing, using the study method to the library, the preparation stage, the design stage includes making software and hardware, then testing and measuring. Negative pressure measurement testing uses a Suction Pump as a measurement sample and uses 2 comparison tools, namely DPM4 and Manometer. Negative pressure testing was carried out 10 times at each measurement point, namely -10.6, -20, -30 kPa and -80, -150, -225 mmHg. After the measurements were taken, it was concluded that the module test compared to DPM4 obtained an accuracy of 99.09%, while the module test compared to the Manometer obtained an accuracy of 98.85%. Pressure measurement compared to DPM4 has 0.24% higher accuracy than pressure measurement developed with Manometer. This module is designed to be used for power calibration specifically for Suction Pump equipment. To make it easier to use the TFT nexion LCD.

Actual Problems of Operation of Turbine and Pumping Equipment of Pumped Storage Power Plants

The article discusses matters concerned with the performance efficiency of pumped storage power plants (PSPP) and its governing factors. The specific features pertinent to the operation of PSPP turbine and pumping equipment are analyzed along with the approaches used at Russian power facilities to diagnose their state in line with the applicable regulatory and technical framework. Pressing matters concerned with diagnosing the state of PSPP equipment are identified with taking into account the experience gained from their operation and designing in Russia and around the world. The identified matters generate the need to carry out studies aimed at finalizing the approaches to diagnosing the technical state of turbine and pumping equipment, and perfecting the relevant regulatory and technical framework. Features and malfunctions pertinent to the operation of pumping and turbine equipment along with the related features and malfunctions of generator (motor) equipment that are encountered at PSPPs in Russia and around the world are pointed out; the most frequent of which are identified, and their causes are analyzed. In our opinion, these features should be selected taking into account in calculating the technical condition index of the PSPP turbine and pumping equipment. To achieve more efficient operation of the PSPP turbine and pumping equipment, the composition of the plant’s operating generating and pumping equipment should be selected with taking into account the effect the operation chart of the connected equipment and its technical state have on the total generation/consumption of electricity; in addition, measures for diagnostics and maintenance of PSPP equipment should be taken in a more regulated manner.

A simulation model for a compounding process for commercial gasolines

Compounding commercial fuels is an important final stage of the entire production process chain in an oil refinery which defines the economic effectiveness of the company’s manufacturing activities. This paper addresses a simulation model for the compounding process for commercial gasolines. The Model is based on discrete linear programming. The target function for the optimization model is the ratio of the difference between the value of the salable product and the costs incurred by manufacturing components and electrical power to the final volume of the salable product, as well as the time it takes to prepare. The optimization model leads to the conclusion about the practicability of the in-flow blending, as well as of the necessity of selecting the right pumping equipment. The optimization model can be applied to primary calculations of economic effectiveness of the various options of organizing the process for the compounding of commercial gasolines.