Pump Pressure Research Articles

Study on the Function of Conveying, Kneading Block and Reversing Elements on the Mixing Efficiency and Dispersion Effect inside the Barrel of an Extruder with Numerical Simulation.

In order to better understand the extrusion process mechanism of plant protein inside a barrel, the parameter changes and flow characteristics of fluids under conveying, kneading block and reversing elements were investigated with numerical simulation. The results showed that the shear rate increased obviously with the increase in pitch; the shear rate value of the reversing element was larger, while that of the kneading block was the opposite. The screw combinations of conveying, kneading blocks and reversing elements all have a certain degree of mixing effect on the particles, and the reduction in pitch can effectively increase the mixing effect of the particles. The conveying element can provide a relatively constant acceleration for the particles, due to the pumping capability and pressure buildup as the pitch increases. The kneading block and the reversing element can increase the leakage flow between the discs and backflow, resulting in an extension of the residence time distribution that facilitates fluid interaction in the barrel and improves the dispersion of the particles. The restraint by the reversing element on the particles is obviously weaker than that of the kneading block and shows a higher particle mixing degree. Overall, the influence of different elements on the flow condition, mixing degree and residence time is significantly different, which improves the process controllability and provides references for potential applications to meet multiple demands.

Evaluation of ethanol-based aqueous two-phase systems performance for application in centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC)

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) have recently been proposed for Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC). This type of biphasic system has several advantages over conventional aqueous-organic liquid–liquid systems, namely, high biocompatibility owing to its large water content. The most commonly used ATPS are polymer-based systems. However, owing to their poor phase separation hydrodynamics compared to aqueous-organic systems, the use of short-length water-miscible alcohols has been evaluated as an alternative to polymers. In this study, an ATPS composed of ethanol and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) is proposed to overcome the common hydrodynamic drawbacks of polymer-based ATPS. The Ethanol/K2HPO4 system exhibited a very short settling time (ts = 30.85 ± 0.80 s), high interfacial tension (IFT = 6.38 mN/m), significant density differences between the phases (Δρ = 353.40 kg/m3), and low viscosity of the coexisting phases at 25 °C (maximum µ = 3.79 ± 0.11 mPa.s), making it an ideal choice for implementation in CPC apparatus. A comprehensive study of this biphasic system was conducted using CPC equipment by carefully adjusting the operating parameters, specifically, the mobile phase flow rate (F), rotational speed (ω), and mode of operation, that is, ascending (upper phase is mobile) or descending (lower phase is mobile). In this particular CPC equipment, the use of polymers as phase-forming compounds in ATPS resulted in higher CPC pump pressures compared to ethanol or phosphate salt aqueous solutions, thus confirming the superior performance of the ethanol/salt ATPS. The results obtained using this ATPS demonstrated that high F and ω values lead to lower stationary phase retention (SF) and higher backpressures, respectively. SF remained relatively constant and above 50% for F ≤ 6 mL/min but significantly decreased for F > 6 mL/min. This trend confirms that hydrostatically stable conditions can be achieved by employing the Ethanol/K2HPO4 system in the CPC mode by controlling F (i.e., the hydrodynamics of the mobile phase). The partition of the model solutes gallic acid and L-tyrosine was also evaluated using the ethanol/K2HPO4 system. The critical operating CPC parameters were compared, confirming the significant potential of the ethanol/salt ATPS for successful commercial application of this chromatographic technique in the separation of small value-added biomolecules.

Numerical study on a coaxial geothermal exchanger equipped with a new inner tube: Entropy generation, thermodynamic irreversibility analysis and exergy efficiency performance evaluation

This paper focuses on the effect of inner tube fitted with CSF of different widths (H = 5–11 mm), thicknesses (W = 1.5–9 mm) and pitches (P = 50–200 mm) on the entropy generation, thermodynamic irreversibility and exergy efficiency performance of CGHE and gives the direction of improvement of CSF geometric parameters. A performance evaluation chart of exergy efficiency was also established to evaluate the exergy efficiency of each working condition. The results show that the assembly of CSF on the inner tube of the CGHE can effectively reduce the heat transfer entropy generation rate S˙gen,h, lowest 67.9% lower than that of the smooth inner tube, but the friction entropy generation rate S˙gen,f is significantly higher, highest being 10.33 times higher than that of the smooth inner tube. Increasing the width H and thickness and decreasing the pitch P both increase the entropy generation rate, but changes in width and thickness have a small effect on entropy, while changes in pitch P have a large effect on entropy, and their W˙loss follow the same pattern of variation as S˙gen. From Be and Ns it is clear that 99% is frictionally irreversible when Re > 30000, and frictional entropy generation is minimized at Re < 15000. When evaluated in terms of heat transfer improvement number NH, the direction of improvement of the CSF geometry parameters should be to increase the width H, thickness W and pitch P. In terms of exergy efficiency, the exergy efficiency for all cases results in greater than smooth inner tube coaxial GHE for the same pumping power and pressure drop conditions, but deterioration occurs for the same mass flow rate.

Effect of Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) on rheology and printability of the first printed layer of cement activated slag-based 3D printing concrete

Nowadays, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) is generally used to replace cement for reducing carbon emissions, but due to its low hydration activity and unstable working performance in the early stage, it is difficult to apply in 3D printed concrete (3DPC) as the main binder. In this study, a combination of ordinary Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement was used to activate GGBFS. In the presence of 0.2 wt% polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE), in order to achieve high-precision printing, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) was used. The rheological properties of mortar were evaluated by the slugs-test and a rotational rheometer. The results show that the yield stress and thixotropy of slag cement-based 3D printing concrete are significantly increased, with addition of HPMC. The slugs-test shows its advantages in measuring rheological properties, such as superior repeatability of rheological data and a better association with 3D printing performance. Pumpability, extrudability, and buildability of the first printed layer of slag cement-based 3DPC were evaluated using pumping pressure, horizontal printing, and vertical printing. The results show that, with a 0.15 wt% HPMC, the 3D printing properties of the first layer are greatly improved, a stable and high-precision slag cement-based 3DPC can be developed, and the relationship between rheological properties and 3D printing performance can be established.

Optimization of Abrasive Waterjet Cutting by Using the CODAS Method with Regard to Interdependent Processing Parameters

The paper shows performance optimization effects of steel machining by abrasive water jet (AWJ). An innovative combinative distance-based assessment method (CODAS) is implemented for the optimization of cutting parameters like pump pressure, feed rate, and abrasive flow rate over cutting depth, and cut kerf surface roughness. The CODAS algorithm is among those based on measuring the distance between a scenario (in this case processing parameters in terms of performance and quality indicators) - and a certain benchmark. A benchmark is a specific hypothetical set of processing parameters devised or determined from available data. To determine the best set of process control parameters, a CODAS approach was performed with some weighting determinations. To set the initial parameters of the weights, it was proposed to calculate based on entropy weight method (EWM), that measures output value dispersion in cutting process. This technique simplifies multiple compound responses by preserving a single response.

Thermodynamic performance assessment of a community-scale brackish water reverse osmosis plant using exergy analysis

Abstract This study investigated the thermodynamic performance of a community-scale membrane-based brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) plant at various operating pressures from 13.79 to 27.58 bar and feed salinity levels from 2,000 to 20,000 mg/L. We aimed to identify the components responsible for the exergy losses and to suggest improvements. The results showed that the exergetic efficiency of some individual components had a significant impact on the performance of the desalination plant, where the high-pressure (HP) pump assembly and pressure control valve were identified as the major contributors to exergy losses (57.83–70.59 and 15.75–27.62%, respectively). The inefficiency of the feed pump assembly contributed to 11–12% of the total destruction of exergy under different operating conditions. The analysis further revealed that the exergetic efficiency of the plant was maximum (0.51%) at the feed salinity of 10,000 mg/L and operating pressure of 27.58 bar. It was minimum (0.01%) for the highest salinity (20,000 mg/L) and the lowest operating pressure (13.79 bar), due to the low requirement of work of separation and higher fixed losses. The exergetic efficiency was also correlated to the energetic performance of the BWRO plant at different operating conditions.

Evaluation of a new magnetically suspended centrifugal neonatal pump in healthy animals using a veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation configuration.

The objective of this animal study was to evaluate the hemodynamic performance of a new centrifugal pump for extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support in neonates. Six healthy swines were supported with veno-venous ECMO with the New Born ECMOLife centrifugal pump (Eurosets, Medolla, Italy) at different flow rates: 0.25, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8L/min; three animals were evaluated at low-flows (0.25 and 0.5L/min) and three at high-flows (0.6 and 0.8L/min). Each flow was maintained for 4hours. Blood samples were collected at different time-points. Hematological and biochemical parameters and ECMO parameters [flow, revolutions per minute (RPM), drainage pressure, and the oxygenator pressure drop] were evaluated. The increase of the pump flow from 0.25 to 0.5L/min or from 0.6 to 0.8 L/min required significantly higher RPM and produced significantly higher pump pressures [from 0.25 to 0.5L/min: 1470 (1253-1569) versus 2652 (2589-2750) RPM and 40 (26-57) versus 125 (113-139) mmHg, respectively; p < .0001 for both - from 0.60 to 0.8L/min: 1950 (1901-2271) versus 2428 (2400-2518) RPM and 66 (62-86) versus 106 (101-113) mmHg, respectively; p < .0001 for both]. Median drainage pressure significantly decreased from -18 (-22; -16) mmHg to -55 (-63; -48) mmHg when the pump flow was increased from 0.25 to 0.5L/min (p < .0001). When pump flow increased from 0.6 to 0.8L/min, drainage pressure decreased from -32 (-39; -24) mmHg to -50 (-52; -43) mmHg, (p < .0001). Compared to pre-ECMO values, the median levels of lactate dehydrogenase, d-dimer, hematocrit, and platelet count decreased after ECMO start at all flow rates, probably due to hemodilution. Plasma-free hemoglobin, instead, showed a modest increase compared to pre-ECMO values during all experiments at different pump flow rates. However, these changes were not clinically relevant. In this animal study, the "New Born ECMOLife" centrifugal pump showed good hemodynamic performance. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate biocompatibility of this new ECMO pump.

Localization of cyclostationary acoustic sources via cyclostationary beamforming and its high spatial resolution implementation

The localization of cyclostationary sound sources is important for rotating machinery noise source identification and fault diagnosis. Cyclostationary sound sources are a special class of nonstationary sound sources, which exhibit periodic changes in statistics. Most of the conventional sound source identification methods are based on the stationary sound source assumption, which do not consider the cyclostationarity of the radiated sound field by rotating machinery. Thus, they are hard to localize the acoustic sources with different cyclic frequencies. In this paper, a novel technique of localizing the cyclostationary acoustic sources with different cyclic frequencies is proposed. First, the cyclostationary conventional beamforming (CSCBF) method is deviated. In CSCBF, the cyclic-cross-spectral matrix (CCSM) is defined considering all the cross cyclic spectral correlation (CSC) between different microphones in the array. The left steering vector and right steering vector are constructed to focus the CCSM on each scanning grid point at a given combination of cyclic frequency and spectral frequency. Then, the high resolution cyclostationary beamforming (HR-CSBF) is further developed to improve the spatial resolution of CSCBF. In HR-CSBF, two linear equations according to the property of CSC is established as the acoustic inverse problems. With the sparse distribution of the cyclostationary sources in the space as the prior knowledge, the iterated Bayesian focusing (IBF) is utilized to obtain a robust and sparse solution in HR-CSBF. Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the proposed methods. To explore the potential applications of the proposed methods, the localization of high pressure pump (HPP) and rolling bearing with outer-race failure are also used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. It turns out that both CSCBF and HR-CSBF can localize the cyclostationary sources with different cyclic frequencies. Compared with CSCBF, HR-CSBF can achieve a higher spatial resolution in the obtained acoustic map.

Analysis of energy saving potential of an asynchronous refueling process for liquid hydrogen station

Liquid hydrogen station shows a great advantage in the future larger market of fuel cell vehicles. However, the energy-saving potential of the liquid hydrogen station remains underexplored. Therefore, a novel asynchronous refueling process (HRP-as) to refuel the vehicle and the high-pressure storage system is proposed based on a conventional synchronous hydrogen refueling process (HRP-s). Moreover, the imperfect compression of the liquid pump and different initial storage pressure are considered. Accordingly, the thermodynamic models of both processes were established, and the evolution of critical parameters was analyzed. Results indicate that the electricity consumption of the liquid pump rises along with the initial storage pressure increase. Compared to the HRP-s, HRP-as exhibits the ability to achieve electricity savings of up to 9.5% within the restrictions of pump capacity and total refueling time. Therefore, HRP-as provides an excellent option for liquid station design without extra expenditure.

DESIGN, INSTALLATION, CAPACITIES AND EXPENSES OF AN INDOOR MULTIPURPOSE MODULAR 2D WAVE FLUME AND CIRCULATING WATER CHANNEL

In this article all the details related to the design, installation process, working capacities and expenses of a modular indoor laboratory flume are presented. The facility is able to work as wave flume or circulating water channel. Flume structure design distributes appropriately the load, to ensure the structural safety of the building. The length of the wave flume depends on the number of these structures, 2.5 m each, which are attached one to each other. Presented cases are 12.5 m and 25 m length. Width is 600 mm and can be filled up to 700 mm water depth. In this work, a multipurpose 50 m3 underground water storage tank is used to feed the flume through three centrifugal pump pressure group equipped with a variable frequency drive. Main structure is made of a welded stainless steel square-tubular frame. Seabed is flat, made from a folded stainless steel 5 mm sheet metal and a sandwich-type assembly system allows the fitting of the lateral glasses to the seabed frame. A fine-tuning regulation system allows a perfect alignment of each of the modules with the adjacent. This manufacturing and assembly strategy avoids undesirable whirls effects. Two types of wave generators have been tested, an in-house developed one for regular waves and an externally manufactured one with added options: irregular waves, and active absorption system of reflected waves. At the end of the flume, a parabolic beach has been installed as wave energy dissipation system. An in-house developed regulation system sets the optimal position of this device. Several dissipation options have been tested: height, slopes and perforated surfaces. A foldable wave generator paddle and a set of pipes and valves, allows working as water channel by recirculating water to the underground storage tank, and therefore, increasing flume research versatility. In the upper part, there have been mounted guides along the whole facility so that different ad-hoc devices can be attached onto it, such as testing models or necessary instrumentation. Among this, we can mention wave gauge module together with resistive wave gauges; digital, ultra-low pressure sensor that is fully conditioned and temperature compensated; CompactRIO controller as data acquisition system (National Instruments, cRIO-9063 model) with an inputs voltage module (National Instruments-9205, C-series). A computer with a Labview program that has been developed specifically for that purpose controls all data recording. In addition, the expenses of the main components are also presented, which demonstrate the cost effective of this indoor laboratories where small scale models can be tested. In this work the design characteristics and operation of the main components of the wave flume, such as the wave-maker, wave absorber, wave probes and data acquisition system are reported in detail together with the full range of wave parameters achievable in any experimental campaign in the Le Méhauté chart. This technical recommendations provides any research group with useful guidelines and details necessary to construct their own domestic wave flume being good value for money and unachievable otherwise.

A new robust predictive model for lost circulation rate using convolutional neural network: A case study from Marun Oilfield

A major cause of some of serious issues encountered in a drilling project, including wellbore instability, formation damage, and drilling string stuck – which are known to increase non-productive time (NPT) and hence the drilling cost – is what we know as mud loss. The mud loss can be prevented or at least significantly reduced by taking proper measures beforehand provided the position and intensity of such loss can be properly predicted using an accurate predictor model. Accordingly, in this study, we used the convolutional neural network (CNN) and hybridized forms of multilayer extreme learning machine (MELM) and least square support vector machine (LSSVM) with the Cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithm (GA) for modeling the mud loss rate based on drilling data, mud properties, and geological information of 305 drilling wells penetrating the Marun Oilfield. For this purpose, we began by a pre-processing step to attenuate the effect of noise using the Savitzky-Golay method. The whole set of available data was divided into the modeling (including 2300 data points) and the validation (including 483 data points) subsets. Next, the second generation of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was applied to the modeling data to identify the most significant features for estimating the mud loss. The results showed that the prediction accuracy increased with the number of selected features, but the increase became negligible when the number of selected features exceeded 9. Accordingly, the following 9 features were selected as input to the intelligent algorithms (IAs): pump pressure, mud weight, fracture pressure, pore pressure, depth, gel 10 min/gel 10 s, fan600/fan300, flowrate, and formation type. Application of the hybrid algorithms and simple forms of LSSVM and CNN to the training data (80% of the modeling data, i.e. 1840 data points) showed that all of the models tend to underestimate the mud loss at higher mud loss rates, although the CNN exhibited lower underestimation levels. Error analysis on different models showed that the CNN provided for a significantly higher degree of accuracy, as compared to other models. The more accurate outputs of the hybrid LSSVM model than those of the simple LSSVM indicated the large potentials of metaheuristic algorithms for achieving optimal solutions. The lower error levels obtained with the CNN model in the testing phase highlighted the excellent generalizability of this model for unseen data. The more accurate predictions obtained with this model, rather than the other models, in the validation phase further proved this latter finding. Therefore, application of this method to other wells in the same field is highly recommended.

Soft Pocket Pump for Multi‐Medium Transportation via an Active Tubular Diaphragm

AbstractRecent developments in small and agile multifunctional autonomous robots, portable and wearable drug delivery devices, and implantable ventricular assist devices have increased the demands for a new class of small and soft pumps that can conform to irregular or even deformable robotic bodies or human organs. In this work, a dual‐chamber pocket‐sized pump with a tubular diaphragm made of multilayered silicone dielectric elastomer actuators, three miniature check valves, and an outer shell is proposed. Dielectric elastomer actuators diaphragm holds well dynamic performances that resonate at 230 Hz, which leads to a no‐load flow rate of 340 mL min−1 and back pressure of 7.5 kPa, with the pump's total volume as only 2.36 cm3 and weight as 2.4 g. Besides, the proposed pump can be bent up to 60° with a negligible drop in its pressure and flow rate. The pump's capability to pump air, water, and its seamless switch is demonstrated. By tuning the amplitude of the driving voltage, the pump's pressure can be precisely controlled. This highly flexible and compact pump can be a potential candidate for driving small robots and biomedical devices.

Discussion on the Influence of Friction and Wear on the Reliability of Marine Diesel Engines

In view of the impact of friction and wear on the reliability of marine diesel engines, this article discusses the main causes of wear in marine diesel engines when analyzing the specific effects, including the impact of average effective pressure on friction loss, the impact of rotational speed on friction loss, the impact of cylinder number on friction loss, the impact of oil viscosity and cooling system temperature, and the impact of fuel injection pump pressure on friction loss The impact of the number of piston rings on diesel engines. In the analysis and discussion of the impact of friction and wear on the reliability of marine diesel engines, relevant suggestions were proposed for fault diagnosis, such as the application of the following diagnostic techniques: internal machine equipment gear wear fault analysis, bearing melting wear fault analysis, bearing wear deformation fault analysis, bearing pitting peeling fault analysis, diesel engine piston wear fault analysis, etc, And the following measures to avoid wear issues: reasonably reducing the speed of diesel engines, scientifically reducing the number of piston rings, and continuously optimizing the lubrication system.

Multi-stage and multi-well fracturing and induced stress evaluation: An experiment study

Multi-stage and multi-well fracturing of horizontal wells are indispensable techniques in developing shale oil and gas. Increasing the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) is of vital importance for production. However, further research is still required due to the uncertainty of fracture propagation mechanism and the evolution of induced stress. To date, there are few true triaxial hydraulic fracturing physical simulations of large-natural shale samples. By using 13 cubic shale samples (30 × 30 × 30 cm), we investigated the effect of in-situ stress, treatment parameters, and different patterns of multi-well fracturing (staggered or tip-to-tip) on fracture propagation. The pumping pressure data is collected, and the evolution data of the induced stress is measured by a strain gauge which is glued on the rock surface. The fracture geometry is analyzed based on post-fracturing reconstruction, the fracturing data, and the induced stress evolution data. Finally, the suggestions for improving multi-stage and multi-well fracturing treatment are proposed. The results show that: A low overburden stress makes the bedding plane easier to be opened, and it also stops the main hydraulic fracture propagating to the deep reservoir. A high injection rate generates higher net pressure in fracture, and the hydraulic fracture can propagate and cross the bedding plane easily. While using a low injection rate, the liquid can only leak along the bedding plane near the wellbore, leading to a simple fracture geometry. The more fracturing stages, the more complex the fracture network is, and the induced stress data shows an obvious increase. The addition of temporary plugging agent causes a significant increase in pumping pressure and induced stress curves, and the fracture geometry is more complex. Compared with the experiment that has no temporary plugging agent, the induced stress has an increase of 0.7 MPa. In multi-well fracturing experiments, the type of multi-well fracturing (staggered or tip-to-tip) plays an important role on fracture propagation: The fracture complexity in tip-to-tip pattern is significantly lower than that in fracturing staggered pattern because of the “frac-hit”. The longer time interval between treating two wells, the lower the induced stress and the more regular fracture geometry. Further, the fractures that generated in the first well will be reopened by the fluid from the second well when the “frac-connection” occurs between the two wells, causing the induced stress to rise again. The results may provide a reference for the multi-stage and multi-well fracturing design.

Novel and highly reliable leak check tests for drop- and external pressure-type cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy.

For safe management of cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART), a highly reliable leak test for detecting ascites filter damage is essential. However, such a test has not been established for drop-type CART. We devised two novel leak tests for drop- and external pressure-type CART, manual or pump pressurization methods, using high-pressure loading and pressure monitoring, and investigated their reliability. Both methods could easily load and maintain sufficiently high pressure (>400 Torr) on the hollow fibers for 2 min. No result deviation was noted between different operators. The pressure drops in both methods were identical and significantly lower than those in the leak test using a special CART machine, the e-CART. The reliability of our revised leak test is equivalent to that of the automatic leak test of e-CART. These highly reliable leak tests may contribute to safety in patients undergoing drop- and external pressure-type CART.

VARIASI KONDUKTIVITAS TERMAL PADA PROSES PEMOTONGAN SS400 DENGAN MEDIA PENDINGIN DROMUS TERHADAP KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN

Thermal conductivity is a transport phenomenon where the temperature difference causes the transfer of thermal energy from the tip of the blade to the workpiece. The value of thermal conductivity is important for good conductors of surface roughness. Thermal conductivity is influenced by several factors, such as temperature, porosity, and voids. The effect of temperature on thermal conductivity is relatively small, but the conduction increases as the temperature increases, the larger the cavity, the less good the conductivity, which causes low surface roughness. This cutting process pays attention to parameter settings such as temperature, cutting speed, type of knife, and material. Likewise, fluid mechanics and hydraulics parameters such as the velocity of the cooling medium out, the pump pressure, the nozzle cross-sectional area, and the type of cooling medium. The thermal conductivity parameter is set to get the surface roughness results that vary due to thermal changes. Using the Waterjet Cutting Machine for the cutting process of SS400 Steel with a thickness of 12 mm with dromus cooling media to reduce thermal effects and reduce conductivity. With this dromus cooling medium, it is hoped that the surface roughness will be more optimal and avoid overheating. Using the Waterjet Cutting Machine for the cutting process of SS400 Steel with a thickness of 12 mm with dromus cooling media to reduce thermal effects and reduce conductivity. With this dromus cooling medium, it is hoped that the surface roughness will be more optimal and avoid overheating. By varying the temperature between the knife tip and the workpiece, good surface roughness is obtained at variations of the stand off distance of 8, 10, 12 mm, with a dromus at temperatures T1=47, T2=39 and T3=32, fluid velocity 300m/s, and pump pressure. 50.000 psi at turbulent flow Re 4000 gets the optimum result on the surface roughness test, which is 3.47 m.

Microparticles’ Lateral Oscillation Motion in Serpentine Micro-Channels without Inertial Lift Effects

Micro-particle manipulation, based solely on the Dean drag force, has begun to be advocated for with the goal of lowering the pumping pressure and simplifying the complexity of the coupling effects of the inertial lift force and the Dean drag force, thus reducing the difficulty of theoretically predicting particle motion. We employed the CFD-DEM two-way coupling method in this work to quantitatively study the lateral (z in axis) motion of particles (7–10 μm), in square or half-circle segment serpentine microchannels, that was only reliant on Dean drag with the blockage ratio dDh= 0.04 (the inertial lift effects show at dDh&gt;0.07). In the square-segment serpentine channel, under the conditions of single-side-wall sheath flow and sedimentation, we discovered that the particles exhibit a twist-type lateral trajectory around each turn, with the larger particles always twisting in the opposite direction of the smaller particles, as a result of the four-grid-pattern distribution of the lateral velocity values at each turn. The large and small particles are separated at the channel’s exit at Re = 56.7, De = 17.8, indicating the likelihood of separation only due to the Dean drag. This separation efficiency decreases as Re and De decreases. The lateral position and velocity values of the particles oscillate, as time passes, due to the twist trajectory, with the oscillation amplitude increasing as Re or De decreases and deflecting toward the inner side of z. In the cases of the two-side-wall-symmetric sheath flow, the particles exhibit only a little lateral deflection, and particle separation is not achieved. The deflection of the oscillation is uncertain and does not change regularly with any physical quantity.

Design and Fabrication of Shoe/Slippers Sanitizing Ramp

This paper describes the design and development of a low-cost shoe and slippers sanitizing ramp and proposes an innovative design using a conventional switching unit to operate the device. User acceptance, technical performance, and cost analysis are presented through surveys and testing. The project development study was realized as a disinfecting device by modification of a manually-operated sanitizing ramp. It uses a 12volt converter-charger and or storage battery as a pump power source, 20-70 kg/m working pressure pump unit, 0.10mm diameter with one-hole brass misting nozzles and conventional switches mounted in the 12kg wheeled main frame. The technical evaluation result shows that misting nozzle sprays are limited to 10-20cc/min. Regarding cost, it is just a portion of the cost compared to the commercially available and electronically-operated model. The developed sanitizing ramp offers an option for users who cannot pay for or buy the commercially available one.

Calculation of transportation resistance of different soils in Dredging Engineering

Pipeline transportation is a process of continuous balance between pumping pressure and pipeline resistance. Therefore, accurate calculation of pipeline transportation resistance can optimize the accuracy of the pump model and working parameters. The slurry transported in the dredging project is complicated, and the dredged soil in different regions is quite different resulting in different motion states in the transportation process. Different types of flow patterns are suitable for different resistance calculation models. In this paper, according to the actual dredger filling project, the real transmission resistance of the project is obtained by means of pipeline pressure monitoring data analysis. Three different transmission resistance calculation formulas of Wang Shaozhou formula, Durand formula and DHLLDV model are used to compare the clay, fine sand and medium coarse sand. The calculation results show that the Durand formula is the best for calculating the transmission resistance of medium coarse sand; the DHLLDV model is better for calculating the transport resistance of fine silt; the error between the DHLLDV model of clay transport resistance and Wang Shaozhou formula is small. In this paper, the calculation error analysis of three different kinds of soil is carried out, and the best calculation formula for three types of soil is obtained. The accurate calculation method of theoretical formula in dredging and filling projects is obtained, and the reference table of three kinds of soil for transportation resistance is proposed, which provides a reference for dredging project transportation.

Approach Allows Safe, Environmentally Sound Well Abandonment in Urban Setting

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 31394, “An Electrifying Integrated Solution Toward a Safe and Environmentally Sound Well Abandonment in an Urban Setting,” by Syah I. Mohamad and Lambertus C. Joppe, SPE, Baker Hughes. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. _ In the Netherlands, many onshore wells are near urban areas or close to forests where emissions and noise reduction are important to consider. A depth of collaboration is required to ensure minimal impact upon the local community and the environment. The operator, together with Baker Hughes as the project management lead, formulated a low-impact solution with fully electrified equipment that mostly uses grid power. Scope of Work The project consists of plugging and abandoning (P&amp;A) onshore oil and gas wells in 23 locations across the Netherlands. The main objective is to abandon all planned wells without any remaining liabilities; reduce cost burdens upon taxpayers; and minimize the impact on people, environments, and assets (PEA). Before the execution phase, the wells are categorized as simple or complex. The work may consist of a range of services such as slickline, electric line, cementing, pressure pumping, and downhole fishing and can include cutting, pulling, and milling. These services are provided as an integrated well-abandonment campaign with a single point of contact—the project manager. A typical well consists of a single 3½-in. or 4½-in. production tubing, 7-in. or 7⅝-in. production 9⅝-in. intermediate casing, and 13⅜-in. surface casings. Wells are approximately 3000 m deep, with some having well-integrity issues requiring annular remediation. Because these wells are more than 50 years old, the wellheads generally have a distinct set of challenges before well entry. A typical well P&amp;A sequence would require installing a mechanical plug by slickline and setting a cement plug to provide the primary barrier. A second phase of well P&amp;A may consist of cutting and retrieving tubings and casings. In some wells, cement remediation is required before retrieving the conductors to restore well integrity and establish a competent barrier envelope during P&amp;A. The latest annular remediation methods were applied to this project, such as perforate, wash, and cement; and perforate, circulate, and cement and section milling. This subsurface work is not possible without the use of a hydraulic workover unit (HWU). The HWU capabilities for this project must meet the criteria of well P&amp;A activities to be conducted while several optimizations are considered at the same time, such as footprint reduction; quick, efficient site-to-site and well-to-well moves; and minimal tripping time. The Case for Electrification A well P&amp;A design often involves contingency measures to minimize any chance of failure within the primary design. For example, a secondary well-barrier envelope is prescribed in addition to the primary envelope in the unlikely event that the primary envelope is compromised at any point after execution.