Motor Pump Research Articles

Increasing Reliability of Electric Drives of Sewer Stations

The problem of overheating of electric motors of pumps of sewerage stations during the introduction of frequency converters of current is revealed. Modeling of the thermal state at different speeds of the rotor of the electric motor in the Comsol software package made it possible to determine the places for the possible installation of temperature sensors on the outer shell of the electric machine. Experimental studies have confirmed the adequacy of the obtained models and the proposed position of the temperature sensors.

Nonlinear Lyapunov Control of a Photovoltaic Water Pumping System

In this study, we present an alternative maximum power point tracking technique used in a solar water pumping system to produce the maximum power for modifying the amount of pumped water. This technique was actually created primarily to regulate the duty ratio of the buck converter. In order to control the solar array operating point in order to track the maximum power point, a nonlinear control approach based on the input–output feedback linearizing technique and the Lyapunov stability theory is used. By adjusting the irradiation level, the introduced controller-containing photovoltaic generator direct current (DC) motor pump system was put to the test. Our control method was modeled in Matlab-Simulink, and simulation results were used to show that it significantly outperformed a directly connected solar generator-energized pumps operational system in terms of power extraction performance under various sunlight conditions.

Robust Maximum Efficiency Tracking Control of Wirelessly Powered Directly Supplied Heart Pumps

In recent times, wireless power transfer systems have been identified as a reliable option to supply power to medical implants. Up to now, Wireless Power Transfer Systems (WPTS) have only been used to charge batteries of low-power medical implants. However, for medical implants requiring a relatively higher power, such as a ventricular assist device, which is an implanted blood pump in the patient’s abdominal cavity, an external power supply has been used. When WPTS is used for medical implants, it increases the number of required power converter stages and hardware complexity along with the volume, which tends to reduce the overall efficiency. In addition, the existence of uncertainties in WPTS-based medical implants, such as load and mutual inductance variations, can lead to system instability or poor performance. The focus of this paper is to design a WPTS to supply power to the pump motor directly through its inverter based on the requirements of the motor drive system (MDS) without resorting to an additional DC-to-DC converter stage. To this end, the constraints that the drive system imposes upon WPTS have been identified. In addition, to make a reliable closed-loop operation, a µ-synthesis robust controller is designed to make sure the system maintains its stability and performance with respect to the system’s existing uncertainties. A number of experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the adopted WPTS design approach and the corresponding closed-loop controller for WPTS. Furthermore, the experimental findings for the maximum efficiency tracking (MET) approach (to minimize WPTS coil losses) and constant DC link voltage control approach are shown and compared. According to experimental results and system efficiency analysis, the former appears to perform better. The system dynamic performance analysis, on the other hand, demonstrates the latter’s advantage.

Function of the Speech Recognition of the Smartphone to Automatically Operate a Portable Sample Pretreatment Microfluidic System.

We proposed a portable sample pretreatment microsystem, which can be automatically operated through speech recognition in a smartphone app. The proposed sample pretreatment microsystem consists of a microfluidic chip, an air router, pressure and vacuum lines with air pump motors, six 3-way solenoid valves, and a microcontroller with a Bluetooth module. The command of a human voice conducted the whole process of DNA extraction from pathogenic bacterial samples. Thus, manual interference during the DNA extraction is eliminated, preventing any potential infection from human touch. The palm-sized sample pretreatment microsystem can be run by a portable battery or a conventional smartphone charger. Genomic DNA ofSalmonella typhimuriumwas purified on a chip in less than 1 min with an extraction efficiency of 70 ± 5%.

Determination of Separation Efficiency of Hydrocyclone Used Pre-Filter in Micro Irrigation at Different Inlet Velocities and Sand Diameters

Hydrocyclones are used as pre-filter to reduce suspended particles in irrigation water on the subsequent filters. The aim of the study was to determine separation efficiency (SE) of hydrocyclones, called H1, H2 and H3 according to inlet/outlet diameters, at water velocities of 1.0 (V10), 1.5 (V15) and 2.0 (V20) ms-1, and sands diameter of 0.5 (D05), 1.0 (D10), 1.5 (D15), 2.0 (D20) and 2.5 (D25) mm. Therefore, a hydrocyclone laboratory test system was constituted using a water tank, motor pump, inverter, flowmeter, valve, hydrocyclone, disk filter, and polythene pipe. Separation efficiencies were calculated by dividing amounts of sand collected in collection box by feeding amount of sand. The lowest average separation efficiency was determined as 37% at H1V10D05 treatment and the highest ones as 97% at both H2V20D10 and H3V20D20, and the other ones changed between two values. Average separation efficiencies resulted as 69%, 88% and 88% for H1, H2 and H3 hydrocyclones, and 71%, 84% and 90% for V10, V15 and V20 water velocities, and 78%, 82%, 82%, 83% and 84% for D05, D10, D15, D20 and D25 sand diameters, respectively. Besides these, average separation efficiency for three parameters was 82%. Since the inlet size of H2 is smaller than that of H3 and its SE was higher than that of H1 and equal to that of H3, the most suitable hydrocyclone was determined as H2 to be used in the micro irrigation. The highest average separation efficiency was 90% at a water velocity of 2.0 ms-1. According to separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone, the optimum water velocity in the inlet of the hydrocyclone was determined as 2.0 ms-1. The separation efficiency of hydrocyclone showed that the efficiencies increased with increasing water velocity from 0.5 ms-1 to 2.0 ms-1 and sand diameters from 0.5 to 2.5 mm. In separation efficiency for micro irrigation, water velocities and suspended materials play crucial roles as well as hydrocyclone mechanical properties.

IEA-R1 Renewed Primary System Pump B1-B Nozzles Stress Analysis

The present report is a summary of the structural analysis of the pump nozzles applying the finite element method by using the Ansys computer program. The IEA-R1 RR is an open pool-type moderated and cooled by light water using beryllium/graphite as a reflector. The reactor can reach up to 5MW of thermal power cooled by the primary and secondary systems. The primary coolant system consists of a piping arrangement, a decay tank, two pumps, and two heat exchangers. The primary pump B1-B presented some failures requiring refurbishment by a new one. The pump used in the IEA-R1 must meet the requirements inherent to the nuclear installation, in addition to the operational requirements for rotating equipment, such as flow and pressure, and structural integrity of the body and nozzles. The supplier specified the type of pump suitable for the System. The pump furnished granted mechanical allowable loads for the nozzles that were lower than the loads imposed by the piping on the nozzles. To enable the installation of the pump in the primary circuit, new support was inserted in the piping system next to the pump minimizing efforts and deformations. A piping stress analysis was carried out to obtain the new efforts imposed on the nozzles. For validation of the motor pump set, a verification of the nozzles was done compared with API 610 standard loads, and the allowable loads of the provider. Finally, a structural analysis of the pump nozzles with the new loads was developed using the finite element method. The calculated stresses meet the limits prescribed by the ASME code; therefore, the new B1-B Pump is approved for operation at the IEA-R1 Nuclear Research Reactor primary circuit.

IoT Based System for Sewage Overflow Prevention using Heterogeneous Communication Networks

The increasing population along with water scarcity give rise to water management practices. Water scarcity can be eradicated by wastewater treatment that would in turn prevent contamination of water bodies. One of the challenges in wastewater treatment is to efficiently transport and treat the sewage in a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Most of the existing STPs in closed campuses of Indian scenarios such as academic institutions, industries, and residential apartments employ several pumping stations in a campus and pump motors in each station that pump sewage to STP for treatment. Manual operation of such motors would lead to sump overflows that negatively impact public health and sanitation. Therefore, an IoT-based system for monitoring and controlling sewage flow is proposed in this paper that uses water level sensors and prevents sewage overflows in pumping station sumps, resulting in the utilisation of all the collected sewage for treatment. Since each campus might have different communication networks such as GPRS, WiFi, RF, or Ethernet, the proposed system is designed to work with any network. The proposed system was tested in the college campus with three pumping stations. Moreover, a test bed was simulated and tested with 100 pumping stations. It is observed that the proposed approach prevents sewage overflows in various scenarios with different constraints.

Fuzzy Pressure Control: A Novel Approach to Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Series-Parallel Pumping Systems

Automation and control systems are constantly evolving, using artificial intelligence techniques to implement new forms of control, such as fuzzy control, with advantages over classic control strategies, especially in non-linear systems. Water supply networks are complex systems with different operating configurations, uninterrupted operation requirements, equalization capacity and pressure control in the supply networks, and high reliability. In this sense, this work aims to develop a fuzzy pressure control system for a supply system with three possible operating configurations: a single motor pump, two motor pumps in series, or two motor pumps in parallel. For each configuration, an energy efficiency analysis was carried out according to the demand profile established in this case study. In order to validate the proposed methodology, an experimental water supply system was used, located in the Laboratory of Energy Efficiency and Hydraulics in Sanitation at the Federal University of Paraiba (LENHS/UFPB).

Fractional Order Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Canned Motor Conical Active Magnetic Bearing-Supported Pumps

Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) are electromagnetic mechanism systems in which non-contact bearings support a rotating shaft using attractive forces generated by electromagnets through closed-loop control. For complete support of a five degree of freedom (DOF) rotor system, most AMB structures include two radial actuators and one for the axial direction. Conical active magnetic bearings (CAMBs) is one of the development directions of conventional magnetic bearings in which the requirement of the axial bearing can be eliminated. In this paper, we propose a structure with a CAMB integrated into a canned motor pump to eliminate the need for mechanical bearings and shaft seals. However, this system necessitates a more complicated control strategy due to a significant coupling effect between rotor motion and hydrodynamic disturbances. This paper presents a fractional order active disturbance rejection control (FOADRC) including a fractional order extend state observer (FOESO) and a proportional derivative controller (PD) to track and reject lumped disturbances actively. The proposed controller achieves better performance than the integer-type ADRC and traditional PID controller. The control performance of the proposed FOADRC is illustrated in terms of very good disturbance rejection capability that is demonstrated through MATLAB/Simulink simulation results.

Impacts of Agricultural Activities on Land Degradation along the Bomboré River in Burkina Faso

Land along the Bomboré River in the rural commune of Mogtédo in Burkina Faso is experiencing degradation. The explanatory causes of this degradation constitute the subject of this study. To do this, a survey was conducted among agricultural producers deployed along the watercourse. Soil profiles were described and samples were taken to analyze pH, soil organic carbon, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and texture. The RUSLE model approach based on landstat8 OLI/TIRS and SRTM satellite images dated December 17, 2021 with fairly good radiometric, spatial, and spectral resolution was used to calculate the land loss rate. In terms of results, the potentially irrigable areas that spread out on both sides of the banks of the river cover 209.23 ha with a perimeter of 6.16 km. The number of irrigators is 26 producers and they grow 17.92 ha of vegetables. Soil analyzes indicate the presence of a moderate acid on the vertisol with a pH between 5.57 and 5.86. On the depth 0 - 30 cm of the horizon, the color of the horizons ranges from 5YR4/2 on the talweg and on the right bank to 7.5YR3/2 on the left bank and presents no risk of salinity because the electrical conductivity measured is less than 1dS/cm. The diagnosis of hydromechanical equipment shows that producers use 46 motor pumps for irrigation, of which 15 motor pumps run on gasoline and 31 motor pumps on butane gas with a ratio of 1.7 motor pumps per producer. The number of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipes used by producers in combination with a motor pump gives an average of 44 per farmer. In terms of mineral fertilization, the gross doses used by producers are 415.53 kg/ha of NPK and 201.55 kg/ha of urea, while the quantities of phytosanitary products are 3.99 l/ha of pesticides and 1.42 l/ha of herbicides. Agricultural activities emit about 222,436.66 kgCO2eq into the atmosphere, whose emissions from motor pumps represent 84.52% of these total emissions. The land loss estimate gives an average rate of 2.30 t/ha/year of land loss. This loss is due to the effects of poor agricultural practices, water erosion, and the drainage channels and gullies created by the anarchic installation of dwellings around the edges of the river. This study calls for more monitoring actions to sustainably safeguard the soil and water resources of this river which contribute to the survival of more than 73,214 inhabitants.

Does small-scale irrigation provide a pathway to women's empowerment? Lessons from Northern Ghana

Given persistent gender inequalities that influence how the benefits of technologies are distributed, the expansion of small-scale irrigation technologies requires the consideration of important gender dynamics and impacts. Women's lack of agency and access to resources relative to men, and other social constraints, often limit their ability to adopt and benefit from agricultural technologies. At the same time, expanding access to agricultural technology to women may provide a pathway for empowerment. This paper explores the potential for small-scale irrigation technologies to increase women's empowerment by evaluating the impacts of an intervention that distributed motor pumps to small groups of farmers in Northern Ghana. The paper draws on two rounds of survey data that included the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index, before and after the motor pump intervention was implemented. To control for possible selection bias at the baseline, the difference-in-difference method is used to estimate the impact of the program on indicators of women's empowerment. Spillover effects are estimated by comparing outcomes of farmers in treatment villages that did not receive the pumps with farmers in control villages, where no motor pumps were distributed. The results show no significant impact of the program on measures of women's empowerment. However, there are potential negative impacts, including among households that did not benefit from the intervention. The results highlight the need to pair interventions that distribute agricultural technologies with complementary investments in infrastructure that increase access to water for irrigation, as well as other activities and approaches that ensure women can reap the benefits.

Cutting Edge Advantage of Solar over the Conventional Electric Powered Groundwater Irrigation in Villupuram District of Tamil Nadu, India

Solar energy is the major renewable energy source in the world. In the is energy use scenario, solar energy has occupied second position and it’s share in renewable energy has 27.5 per cent. In India, solar energy is in first position in renewable energy capacity and it’s share in renewable energy has 33.5 per cent. Solar is photovoltaic is conversion of solar energy into electricity which can be used for solar water pumping. With the above background, the present study is attempted to focus on the impact of solar and electric operated tubewell irrigation in the sample farms. A quota sampling selection procedure and snow ball sampling technique were used for this study. A sample size of 45 each of solar and electric operated sample farmers altogether 90 sample respondents were contacted for the conduct of this research study. Garrett’s ranking technique was used for assessing the merits and demerits of solar and electric operated tubewell irrigation as opined by the sample respondents. It was observed that free electricity for motor pumping was the prime most important attribute which influenced the farmers preference for electric energy followed by efficiency in lifting water from higher depths with good discharge rates. The foremost bothering issue in electric energy use was the limited hours of 3 phase electric power availability and frequent voltage fluctuations. The availability of huge subsidy component in the initial investment and reduction in the energy bill were the foremost important reasons for the adoption of solar power motor pumps in irrigation. The foremost bothering issue in solar energy use for irrigation was unavailability of battery for power store which was expressed as the major drawback in solar energy irrigation pumping. To promote the large scale adoption of this important renewable energy all the merits of this energy source expressed by the farmers should be widely propagated among the farming community. The demerits in the use of existing devices of this energy source such as battery for storage, efficiency improvements with higher horse power’s should be addressed by gearing up the Research and Development wing to focus on these issues expressed by the farmer stakeholders.

Cutting Edge Advantage of Solar over the Conventional Electric Powered Groundwater Irrigation in Villupuram District of Tamil Nadu, India

Solar energy is the major renewable energy source in the world. In the world energy use scenario, solar energy has occupied second position and it’s share in renewable energy is 27.5 per cent. In India, solar energy is first position in renewable energy capacity and it’s share in renewable energy has 33.5 per cent. Solar photovoltaic is conversion of solar energy into electricity which can be used for solar water pumping. With the above background of the present study is attempted to focus on the impact of solar and electric operated tube well irrigation in the sample farms. A quota sampling selection procedure and snow ball sampling technique were used for this study. A sample size of 45 each of solar and electric operated sample farmers altogether 90 sample respondents were contacted for the conduct of this research study. Garrett’s ranking technique was used for assessing the merits and demerits of solar and electric operated tube well irrigation as opined by the sample respondents. It was observed that free electricity for motor pumping was the prime most important attribute which influenced the farmers preference for electric energy followed by efficiency in lifting water from higher depths with good discharge rates. The foremost bothering issue in electric energy use was the limited hours of 3 phase electric power availability and frequent voltage fluctuations. The availability of huge subsidy component in the initial investment and reduction in the energy bill were the foremost important reasons for the adoption of solar power motor pumps in irrigation. The foremost bothering issue in solar energy use for irrigation was unavailability of battery for power store which was expressed as the major drawback in solar energy irrigation pumping. To promote the large scale adoption of this important renewable energy all the merits of this energy source expressed by the farmers should be widely propagated among the farming community. The demerits in the use of existing devices of this energy source such as battery for storage, efficiency improvements with higher horse power’s should be addressed by gearing up the Research and Development wing to focus on these issues expressed by the farmer stakeholders.

Exergy analysis of purified water plant in a pharmaceutical industry

Thermodynamic optimisation of manufacturing plants at design or operation stages is known to be a complex process, resulting from the consideration of various design and operation parameters. Exergy analysis is an appropriate tool to implement the thermo-economical optimisation of processes in a convenient way. In this study, exergy analysis was applied to a purified water (PW) plant in the pharmaceutical industry composed of various units such as ultrafiltration (UF), activated carbon columns, softener columns, reverse osmosis (RO), degasser, and continuous electro deionisation unit (CEDI) process, and the exergetic efficiencies were found to be 75.47%, 84.70%, 64.78%, 37.67%, 96.88% and 85.50%, respectively. Considering the exergetic efficiency of the entire plant of 4.35%, significant opportunities are available to increase the energy and exergy efficiencies of this PW plant by means of structural as well as parametric optimisation tasks. By considering that most of the energy destruction in this plant stems from pump motors, especially in the RO unit, energy recovery devices such as pressure ex-changers and Pelton wheels may be used to increase the energy efficiency of the plant.

Frequency control of asynchronous motor for an irrigation pump of machine irrigation systems

The working state of freguency-operated asinchronous motor of irrigation pump in the closed system with feedback by velocity are considered. The system issue coefficient, provided a constancy of given value, loading coefficient of motor for voltage control pro rata control freguency are determined. Let us consider the static mode of operation of a frequency-controlled AM in a closed system with speed feedback. A decrease in the rotation speed in irrigation pumps to regulate their productivity is possible up to a certain minimum value, at which the pump head (H) becomes equal to the static head (Hst). The pump output (Q) then drops to zero. The value “k” has been determined, which ensures the constancy of the AM overload factor over the entire range of control frequency change in a closed-loop frequency control system with feedback on the engine speed.

Practice of permanent presence and equipment of Karshi main canal

The research aims to develop new energy-saving modes of operation of the Karshi main canal with a cascade of pumping stations designed to irrigate the virgin lands of the Karshi steppe with water from the Amudarya River. The article discusses some calculation methods and control parametric tests of pumps by measuring the main parameters: flow, pump head, electric motor power, NPSH, and pump efficiency. Normal operation of pumping stations requires compliance with cavitation conditions of pumps of certain levels downstream. The authors have given recommendations on the use of a new floodwater design and obtained the flow's main characteristics in the section under consideration, taking into account the hydrometric characteristics. Further work continues to improve the scheme of water supply facilities by introducing new means of regulating the operation of pumping station elements into the scheme.

ГИДРОПРИВОД ШПИНДЕЛЕЙ ФРЕЗЕРНО-РАСТОЧНОЙ ПИНОЛИ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ГЛУБОКИХ ОТВЕРСТИЙ

The substantiation of the hydraulic scheme and types of hydraulic motors for the hydraulic drive of the pinole spindles of a machine designed for machining deep holes in pipe workpieces by combining the processes of vortex milling and surface plastic deformation (PPD) is given. A method for calculating the parameters of the pump and hydraulic motors providing the necessary cutting modes is proposed.

Optimal Design and Comparative Analysis of a PV/Mini-Hydropower and a PV/Battery Used for Electricity and Water Supply

This work proposed an optimal design of PV-system-based water-pumped energy storage for both electricity and water supply. A case study was considered in a rural community in Cameroon. The parameters of the assessment of the system were reliability, represented in the present work by the system supply deficiency (SSD), and economic accessibility, represented by the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The obtained results showed that for 0% SSD, the optimal configuration of the system was composed of 438 PV modules of 235 W, an immersed solar motor pump of 35 kW, a hydroelectric turbine of 51.7 kW, an upper reservoir of 2307.1 m3, an inverter of 25.27 kW, and a total dynamic head of 88 m. The corresponding LCOE to this configuration is 0.224 USD/kWh. The economic accessibility of the designed system was evaluated by comparison with a PV-system-based battery energy storage. The optimal design configuration of the studied PV-system-based battery energy storage was a PV generator (120 PV modules of 235 W), solar motor pump (15 kW), upper reservoir (590.4 m3), battery capacity (351.78 kWh), inverter (25.27 kW), and total dynamic head (81 m). The corresponding LCOE to this configuration was 0.1857 USD/kWh. Although the PV-system-based battery storage appeared to be economically more cost-effective than the PV-system-based water-pumped energy storage, the sensitivity analysis revealed that there was the possibility for the PV-system-based water-pumped energy storage to be economically more profitable than the PV-system-based battery energy storage. This economic outperformance occurred when the project lifetime was a multiple of 7.5 years or when the costs of the storage components were reduced from 20% to 60%.

Research on a power smoothing control strategy for energy storage hydraulic wind turbines

AbstractTo solve the problem of large output power fluctuations in wind turbines and improve grid adaptability, a hydraulic energy storage system is introduced in traditional hydraulic wind turbines. Based on the working principle of energy storage hydraulic wind turbines, an energy storage hydraulic wind turbine state space model is established, and the feedback linearization method is introduced to solve the multiplication nonlinear problem in the modeling process. The output power is taken as the control output, and the torque compensation controller is established with the feedback linearization method. The displacement of the variable displacement pump motor is controlled to realize hydraulic energy storage system energy charging and discharging, and the wind turbine output power smoothing control is realized with the fluctuating wind speed. The power smoothing control strategy is verified with the 24 kW energy storage hydraulic wind turbines semi‐physical simulation experimental platform. The proposed control strategy lays the groundwork for the wide application of the energy storage hydraulic wind turbines.

Energy Saving Implementation in Hydraulic Press Using Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

With the growing cost of electrical energy, the necessity of energy-saving implementation in industries based on energy audits has become a major focus area. Energy audit results indicate energy-saving potential in an application and require the physical presence of the auditor’s team for monitoring and analyzing the energy consumption data. The use of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for remote data monitoring and analysis is growing and new industrial applications based on IIoT are being developed and used by various industrial sectors. Possibilities of a mixed method of physical and remote energy audit using IIoT in industrial applications and its advantages as proposed in this research work needs to be explored. Existing hydraulic press machines running with direct online starter (DOL) can be run with variable speed drive (VSD) for energy saving but this requires an extensive energy audit. Key electrical and operational parameters of the hydraulic pump motor were monitored and analyzed remotely using IIoT in this research work by operating the hydraulic press with DOL and VSD motor control methods one by one. The input power factor of the hydraulic pump motor showed an improvement from 0.79 in DOL control to 0.9 in VSD control at different motor loads. The hydraulic pump motor starting current showed a reduction of 84% with VSD control. The hydraulic pump motor’s continuous current was reduced by 40% and 65% during the loading and unloading cycle, respectively, with VSD control. Electrical consumption was reduced by 24% as a result of operating the hydraulic pump motor at 35 Hz with VSD control without impacting the performance of the hydraulic press. These results indicated more efficient control by changing to VSD control in comparison with DOL control. A combination of physical and remote energy audits as performed in this research work using the proposed IIoT framework can be utilized for implementing energy saving in hydraulic presses thus motivating industries to adopt available more energy-efficient technologies at a faster pace.