Pump Compressor Research Articles

Model-Based Analysis of a Highly Efficient CO2 Separation Process Using Flexible Metal–Organic Frameworks with Isotherm Hysteresis

To realize large-scale CO2 separation to prevent global warming, energy and space saving separation technologies are required. Flexible metal–organic frameworks (flexible MOFs) with gate-opening properties have been found to be promising adsorbents, but the unconventional sigmoidal shapes and hysteresis of the isotherms have hindered quantitative evaluation of their applications in separation processes. This paper is the first to evaluate ELM-11, a flexible MOF that exhibits sigmoidal isotherms with hysteresis, in a process model and quantify its advantages over a conventional adsorbent. Based on the experimental uptake data, isotherm models for adsorption and desorption were developed, and their parameters were estimated. The resulting isotherm models are incorporated into a rigorous dynamic model of partial differential algebraic equations (PDAEs) to simulate a vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) process to evaluate the process performance. Numerical challenges to solve the PDAEs, including sigmoidal and hysteresis isotherm models, were resolved with the proposed numerical approaches. Sensitivity analysis for feed pressure and temperature was performed to identify the optimal operating strategy. A comparison with a conventional adsorbent, zeolite 13X, showed that high selectivity and sigmoidal isotherms of ELM-11 give higher productivity and CO2 product purity exceeding 99% without rinse and purge operations as well as lower power consumption for the compressor and vacuum pump.

Performance evaluation of gas fraction vacuum pressure swing adsorption for CO2 capture and utilization process

• A simple 2-column gas fraction VPSA process without a rinse step is proposed. • The performance of gas fraction VPSA has been evaluated by simulations and experiments. • This simple operation allows flexible adjustment of CO 2 purity and recovery, which can produce low-cost CO 2 at a moderate purity. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is widely used in various gas separation processes. Many PSA operations have been proposed that require multiple beds having a rinse step in order to obtain a product gas of high purity. This operation may cause re-adsorption of desorbed gases on the adsorbent depending on the process design, which leads to a decrease in the productivity and energy efficiency. In this work, a simple vacuum type PSA (VPSA) process without a rinse step is proposed and demonstrated experimentally for CO 2 separation. The proposed VPSA process fractionates the outlet gas from the bed, which allows flexible adjustment of the purity and recovery of the product gas exploiting isotherm nonlinearity. To investigate the performance of the proposed process, a dynamic VPSA simulation was conducted. The performance of this gas fraction VPSA was evaluated also experimentally at the laboratory scale to analyse the trade-offs amongst purity, recovery, productivity and energy efficiency. In our experiment, the highest CO 2 recovery of 68.7% was obtained by the newly designed 2-column gas fraction VPSA at the feed gas volume of 76 NL-feed/kg-adsorbent/cycle, which is about 60% higher than 3-column VPSA with a rinse step. The CO 2 separation energy estimated from experimental results with assumptions on the efficiency of the compressor and vacuum pump also indicated the possibility of further cost reduction at moderate CO 2 purity.

IMPROVEMENT OF ROD EQUIPMENT OF DEEP PUMPING UNITS IN THE CONDITIONS OF OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT

Currently, it is relevant to reduce the cost of maintenance, selection and purchase of fishing equipment, primarily deep-water pumps, tubing, pumping rods. After all, they are most susceptible to wear and the supply of the rod pumping unit depends on their condition. However, despite the well-known improvement of production technology introduced by manufacturers, there is a tendency not only to increase the service life of pumps, but also to decrease. The reason for the decrease in the service life of deepwater pumps is the continuous deterioration of their operating conditions. The reason for the decrease in the service life of depth pumps is the continuous deterioration of their operating conditions. It is established that this is due to an increase in the depth of discharge of pump compressor pipes (SCS), progressive wetting of well production, an increase in the corrosive properties of the pumped liquid, etc. The cause mentioned above in the article was solved in the following way, studying the consequences. The task of the proposed modification of the stand is to improve the design of the unit for testing rod pumps by changing the position of the pump drive and ensuring accounting for leaks through the plunger pair. The mechanism of mutual action of the plunger in the pump cylinder is solved by the fact that the internal channel of the plunger of the rod pump testing unit with a system for measuring and recording pump parameters is blocked, a pressure gauge with a high-pressure inert gas is installed on the pressure line. Modeling of fluid flow in the stand position was carried out. A plan of the experiment Matrix was drawn up and the minimum number of repetitions of the experiment was determined.The obtained experimental data were processed statistically. The obtained regression models were tested for statistical significance. Detection rates were more than 90% in all cases. It was found that during turbulent fluid flow, the amount of fluid leakage in plunger pairs with a constant microregion in the form of a right triangle is less than in smooth plunger pairs. The Reynolds number for quantitative experiments for each hole was carried out by changing the value of the constant viscosity, a given flow of liquid entering the hole of the plunger pair.

Design and analysis of a novel solar compression-ejector cooling system with eco-friendly refrigerants using hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector

• A novel solar cooling system is designed and analyzed. • The solar cooling efficiency increased by 33.1 %. • The COP of the refrigeration cycle is improved by 8.23 %. • R290 has the best performance in the system. World faces cold crunch and solar energy exploitation plays a vital role in facing this problem. This study aims at improving the performance of combined solar ejector vapor compression refrigeration cycles ( EVRC ) with two evaporators using a photovoltaic thermal ( PVT ) collector. The PVT collector supplies the system's required power, such as compressor and water circulator pump. The outgoing water is further used to cool the condenser and subcool the condenser outlet refrigerant to improve the system efficiency. This work also investigates the utilization of the environmentally friendly refrigerants of R1234yf, R600a, and R290 to reduce the global warming issue by replacing the typical R134a refrigerant. The results showed that the optimal water flow rate for the highest system efficiency and the lowest exergy destruction is 0.05 kg/s. With the passage of water (with optimal flow rate), the collector's electrical efficiency, total solar cooling efficiency, and refrigeration cycle performance coefficient ( COP ) can be increased by 11%, 33.1%, and 8.23%, respectively, compared to the non-cooling state. The R290 refrigerant also performs best in terms of maximum efficiency and lowest system exergy destruction, among other refrigerants, with COP and solar cooling efficiency of 3 and 0.52, respectively, which is 4.8% and 4.6% higher in comparison with the R134a.

A Comprehensive Review of Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors for Improving Global Efficiency and Energy Saving

Liquid ring vacuum pumps and compressors are mechanical positive displacement turbomachines that can operate in the mode of both vacuum compressor and vacuum pump. They are widely used in the fields of filtration, cryogenic, reaction, gas injection, condensation, evaporation, and convective drying. Despite their low performance, they have many advantages such as low costs, simplicity, reliability, improve suction characteristics, and in many cases, can provide a more efficient option. Improving efficiency is the key to decrease energy consumption and costs. The article analyzed and evaluated the previous investigations regarding these machines with a focus on challenges of improving efficiency, advances in numerical simulation, and experiments to afford beneficial insight on future research and next steps. The study revealed that the thermal interaction and the cavitation phenomenon are among the most important problems that require further research.

Corrosion inhibition of steel by selected homologues of the class 3-alkyl-5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazoles in acidic media

The use of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of the bottomhole formation zone leads to the significant corrosion of metals, as well as hydrogen and chloride stress cracking of pump compressor pipes. In order to solve this problem, corrosion inhibitors are added to a hydrochloric acid solution. This article presents the results of a study of the anticorrosive activity of a number of derivatives of the class of 3-alkyl-5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole under the conditions of hydrochloric acid corrosion of low-carbon steel. During the study, selected 3-alkyl-5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazoles were synthesized. Their structure was confirmed and proved using NMR spectroscopy and HPLC/MS spectrometry. Regularities of the anticorrosive ction of the investigated compounds have been established using polarization electrochemical studies and gravimetric direct corrosion tests. Corrosion rates, inhibition coefficients and degrees of protection have been calculated for all inhibitors. The probable mechanism of the inhibitory action of the studied compounds has been substantiated using quantum chemical calculations based on the density functional theory using the Gaussian program. It was shown that the structure of the alkyl substituents has the greatest effect on the inhibitory activity of the studied compounds. The mechanism was proposed for the adsorption of the inhibitor, which explained the increase in protective properties with an increase in the length of the alkyl substituent. The high hydrophobicity of the aliphatic fragment, not involved in the chemisorption process, additionally prevents the acid solution from contacting the metal surface, while the heterocyclic moiety ensures the sorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface. As a result, it was shown that derivatives of the homologous series of 3-alkyl-5-aminotriazole are suitable as inhibitors of acid corrosion of ST-3 steel. The minimum length of a hydrocarbon radical at which significant inhibitory activity was observed is 7 carbon atoms. Protection degrees of 65–85% were achieved when 3-heptyl-5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole additives at a concentration of at least 2 g/L were added to the hydrochloric acid solution.

Comparison of the New Refrigerant R1336mzz(E) with R1234ze(E) as an Alternative to R134a for Use in Heat Pumps

R134a is currently the most widely used refrigerant, whose problem is the high value of the global warming potential, and which will have to be replaced in the near future. Thus far, R1234ze(E) has proven to be the most suitable alternative, but it is slightly flammable. Recently, R1336mzz(E) has emerged as a possible alternative. During the research, the mentioned refrigerants were compared with simulations using the Aspen Plus software package in the case of using groundwater as a heat source. It was found that R1336mzz(E) could be a suitable alternative to R134a since the highest value of coefficient of performance was obtained using it. However, it must be superheated with an internal heat exchanger. The problem with using an internal heat exchanger is that the superheating of the refrigerant vapors affects the isentropic efficiency of the heat pump compressor negatively and, consequently, lowers the COP value of the heat pump. It has been shown that a one percent decrease in isentropic efficiency results in a one percent decrease in the COP value.

Thermodynamic and economic comparative analyses of a hierarchic gas-gas combined heat and power (CHP) plant coupled with a compressor heat pump

• Thermodynamic and economic analysis of compressor heat pumps in all possible thermodynamic systems. • Using a heat compressor pump is not thermodynamically viable. • Without subsidies, the use of heat pumps is not economically viable.

Development of a Novel Aeration Measurement System to Evaluate Water Treatment Process in a River

A novel aeration measurement system was developed to evaluate the water treatment process in a river to acquire a more comparable dissolved oxygen value even if various types of aerations are tested. The system comprises of DO sensor, water flowmeter, anemometer, PVC pipes, water pump, air compressor pump, and truck tyre tubes. The PVC pipes consisting of a main drainage hole, 5 holes for dissolve oxygen data collection, 1 hole as the location of aerator system, and connectors were designed as the major part of the system by using Computer Aided Design software. The main drainage hole (horizontal pipe) was designed to be 288.5 cm in length, while the measured holes (vertical pipes) were designed to be 45.7 cm in height. By considering a systematic approach, the designed system is hopefully able to solve measuring issue of dissolved oxygen in moving water and to provide a better evaluation of water treatment process.

Energy, exergy, and environmental (3E) analysis of a compound ejector-heat pump with low GWP refrigerants for simultaneous data center cooling and district heating

This work presents an energy, exergy, and environmental evaluation of a novel compound PV/T (photovoltaic thermal) waste heat driven ejector-heat pump system for simultaneous data center cooling and waste heat recovery for district heating networks. The system uses PV/T waste heat with an evaporative-condenser as a driving force for an ejector while exploiting the generated electric power to operate the heat pump compressor and pumps. The vapor compression system assessed several environmentally friendly strategies. The study compares eleven lower global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants from different ASHRAE safety groups (R450A, R513A, R515A, R515B, R516A, R152a, R444A, R1234ze(E), R1234yf, R290, and R1243zf) with the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) R134a. The results prove that the system presents a remarkable overall performance enhancement for all investigated refrigerants in both modes. Regarding the energy analysis, the cooling coefficient of performance (COPC) enhancement ranges from 15% to 54% compared with a traditional R134a heat pump. The most pronounced COPC enhancement is caused by R515B (a 54% COPC enhancement and 49% heating COP enhancement), followed by R515A and R1234ze(E). Concerning the exergy analysis, R515B shows the lowest exergy destruction, with the highest exergy efficiency than all investigated refrigerants.

Risk Assessment and Selection of Low Gwp Refrigerants for Heat Pumps in Residential Applications

This work deals with the risk related to the flammability and toxicity of low Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants used in heat pumps for residential applications. Some new generation refrigerants were analyzed assuming to make a drop-in for a typical 50 kW heat pump, suited for small multi-family buildings (4 ÷ 6 dwellings). The theoretical maximum Coefficient of Performance (COP) was calculated for the selected fluids, identifying the best performing one from an energy point of view. Subsequently, an analysis of some of the potentially more dangerous accident scenarios was performed, considering the outdoor/indoor release of gases. More in detail, two accident scenarios were analyzed, assuming a refrigerant leak from a hole in the pipeline downstream of the heat pump compressor: in one case the gas is released in an open environment with an ignition near the release point (jet fire), in the other case the release happens within a confined environment. In both cases, the conditions in which it is possible to operate safely were determined.

Cleaning of Solar Panel using Automation Technique

Solar energy is considered to be one of the best major renewable energy resources to generate and meet the electrical energy demand of the entire globe. Solar PV modules produce electricity by collecting the sunlight. solar PV modules are generally employed in dusty environmental areas like in India, which comes under the tropical region. Various dust particles present in the tropical region, so the dust particles are accumulated on the surface of the solar panel. Therefore, the incident light can be blocked. As a result, the module power capacity can be reduced. If the panel not cleaned properly the power output become reduced by 50%. To increase the power output an automatic cleaning mechanism has been designed. This automatic cleaning mechanism not only senses the dust accumulated on the solar panel but also clean the solar PV module automatically. This solar cleaning mechanism is mainly implemented using PIC 16F 1527 microcontroller, which mainly controls the stepper motor, Air compressor and water pump. The dust can be cleaned by the gantry which is mainly driven by the stepper motor. The gantry has mist nozzles which create pressurized air and water to clean the solar panel effectively. The cleaning can be done by air and water depending upon the dust accumulated on the solar panel. Index Terms: solar panel; micro-controller; stepper motor; dust particles.

Research progress of stimulated Brillouin scattering pulse compression technique

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) as a third-order optical effect is widely used in laser beam combination, distributed fiber sensing, Brillouin lasers and other fields. In recent years, SBS pulse compression has also received special attention. Based on the energy transfer characteristics of the Brillouin amplification process, SBS pulse compression technology can compress nanosecond pulses to sub-nanosecond levels, and the peak power can be increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude. This paper systematically introduces the basic theory of SBS pulse compression, comprehensively discusses the influence of SBS compressor structure, gain medium, pump pulse and other factors on pulse compression characteristics, and looks forward to the development trends of SBS pulse compression. It provides a useful reference for the future study of SBS characteristics and a feasible scheme for the acquisition of high repetition frequency and high energy laser.

Fermentation 4.0, a case study on computer vision, soft sensor, connectivity, and control applied to the fermentation of a thraustochytrid

In this work, the incorporation of I4.0 technologies in fermentation was studied. The work aimed to explore if I4.0 technologies could be used to solve problems related to the modernization of fermentation processes, particularly, 1) the interconnection of incompatible components (sensor, compressor, and feeding pump), 2) the implementation of fermentation conditions, relevant to the process efficiency, and 3) making the fermentation an I4.0 compatible component. The technologies were tested on a lab-scale thraustochytrid fermentation, an example of a complex and economically valuable bioprocess. The results showed that the incorporated I4.0 technologies allowed acquiring the dissolved oxygen values from an incompatible equipment screen and implementing a control algorithm for obtaining; high carbon and nitrogen, and low dissolved oxygen concentration automatically after the growth phase. An automatic supervision tool allowed communicating relevant information about the fermentation state to humans and other computers. We conclude that incorporating I4.0 technologies in complex fermentation processes can improve process and equipment integration and allow the implementation of culture conditions that cannot be obtained using I2.0 and I3.0 technologies.

Development and Research of Crosshead-Free Piston Hybrid Power Machine

This article considers the development and research of a new design of crosshead-free piston hybrid power machine. After verification of a system of simplifying assumptions based on the fundamental laws of energy, mass, and motion conservation, as well as using the equation of state, mathematical models of the work processes of the compressor section, pump section, and liquid flow in a groove seal have been developed. In accordance with the patent for the invention, a prototype of a crosshead-free piston hybrid power machine (PHPM) was developed; it was equipped with the necessary measuring equipment and a stand for studying the prototype. Using the developed mathematical model, the physical picture of the ongoing work processes in the compressor and pump sections is considered, taking into account their interaction through a groove seal. Using the developed plan, a set of experimental studies was carried out with the main operational parameters of the crosshead-free PHPM: operating processes, temperature of the cylinder–piston group and integral parameters (supply coefficient of the compressor section, volumetric efficiency of the pump section, etc.). As a result of numerical and experimental studies, it was determined that this PHPM design has better cooling of the compressor section (decrease in temperature of the valve plate is from 10 to 15 K; decrease in temperature of intake air is from 6 to 8 K, as well as there is increase in compressor and pump section efficiency up to 5%).

Application of new pumping technology in dewatering in deep soft soil pit

The soft soil stratum has low carrying capacity, poor permeability and is hard to be drained, which affects the excavation speed of foundation pit. This paper introduces the application of a new type of dewatering technology in deep soft soil foundation pit dewatering. This technology adopts air compressor and vacuum pump to improve the water collection efficiency and pumping efficiency effectively and gains good economic and environmental benefits.

Complex mathematical modeling of heat pump power supply based on wind-solar network electrical system

The object of research is to support the functioning of a heat pump power supply based on a grid-type wind-solar electric system using hybrid solar collectors.One of the most problematic areas is the harmonization of energy production and consumption in the context of distributed energy generation using renewable sources. Connecting to Smart Grid technologies will prevent the peak load of the power system in conditions of voltage regulation when connecting the heat pump power supply.An integrated system has been developed to support the operation of heat pump power supply based on predicting changes in the temperature of local water when measuring voltage from hybrid solar collectors at the input to the grid inverter, voltage at the output of the frequency converter and voltage frequency. The adoption of advanced decisions to maintain the temperature of local water by changing the power of the electric motor of the heat pump compressor is based on establishing the ratio of the voltage at the input to the grid inverter and the voltage at the output of the frequency converter are measured. The change in the refrigerant flow rate according to the frequency control of the electric motor of the heat pump compressor occurs in accordance with the change in the thermal power of the low-potential energy source – the lower section of the two-section storage tank connected to hybrid solar collectors. The architecture, the mathematical substantiation of the architecture of the technological system, the mathematical substantiation of supporting the functioning of the heat pump power supply are proposed. The basis of the technological system is a dynamic subsystem, which includes the following components: wind power plants, photovoltaic solar panels, hybrid solar collectors, grid inverter, two-section storage tank, heat pump, frequency converter. The operating parameters of the heat pump system, the parameters of heat exchange in the condenser of the heat pump, the time constants and coefficients of the mathematical model of the dynamics of the temperature of local water for the established levels of functioning are determined according to the coordination of production and consumption of energy.

Systematic Analysis Reveals Thermal Separations Are Not Necessarily Most Energy Intensive

Summary At the industrial level, separation of a variety of mixtures is predominantly carried out by thermally driven processes such as distillation. Nevertheless, the current literature seems to suggest that much is to be gained by replacing these processes with alternative non-thermal methods, which will potentially require a fraction of the energy used by distillation. This is primarily due to the widespread perception that thermal separation processes, particularly those that involve vaporization, are highly energy intensive. However, this belief is not well founded, because it is based on extrapolation from comparisons in the literature, many of which make ad-hoc assumptions and result in incorrect conclusions. Our analysis shows that this confusion arises because the processes utilize different types of energy: heat and electricity. Here, we present a consistent framework that enables a fair comparison between different processes that consume different forms of energies. Using this framework, we refute the general perception that thermal separation processes are inherently the most energy intensive and conclusively show through the examples of two challenging mixtures constituting components with low relative volatilities, that distillation processes, when run properly, can consume remarkably lower fuel than non-thermal membrane alternatives, which have often been touted as more energy efficient.

Demand-Based Control Design for Efficient Heat Pump Operation of Electric Vehicles

Thermal management systems of passenger vehicles are fundamental to provide adequate cabin thermal comfort. However, for battery electric vehicles they can use a significant amount of battery energy and thus reduce the real driving range. Indeed, when heating or cooling the vehicle cabin the thermal management system can consume up to 84% of the battery capacity. This study proposes a model-based approach to design an energy-efficient control strategy for heating electric vehicles, considering the entire climate control system at different ambient conditions. Specifically, the study aims at reducing the energy demand of the compressor and water pumps when operating in heat pump mode. At this scope, the climate control system of the reference vehicle is modelled and validated, enabling a system efficiency analysis in different operating points. Based on the system performance assessment, the optimized operating strategy for the compressor and the water pumps is elaborated and the results show that the demand-based control achieves up to 34% energy reduction when compared to the standard control.

Gravity-Independent Experimental Study on a High-Speed Rotor Supported by Aerostatic Bearings

Vapor compression heat pump technology has great potential in future space thermal management application. Considering microgravity in space, this paper proposes using aerostatic bearings for the lubrication of the heat pump compressor. An experimental apparatus was built to study the performance of a rotor supported by aerostatic bearings subjected to microgravity. The gravity-independent experiment was conducted by changing the angle between the rotor axis and the direction of gravity on the ground. The gas consumption and rotor stability at different rotor orientations were investigated and compared. Results showed that the largest difference in gas consumption due to the change in rotor orientation was 3% for the journal bearing and 5.56% for thrust bearings. The difference in rotation speed at the second peak amplitude under different rotor orientations was smaller than 4.2%. The experimental results imply that the aerostatic bearing-rotor system is independent of gravity. Aerostatic gas lubrication technology is thus a viable option for the vapor compression heat pump used in a space thermal management system.