Test Pulse Research Articles

Thickness Measurement and Surface-Defect Detection for Metal Plate Using Pulsed Eddy Current Testing and Optimized Res2Net Network

Thickness Measurement and Surface-Defect Detection for Metal Plate Using Pulsed Eddy Current Testing and Optimized Res2Net Network

Exercise pulse frequency reviewed from sport activities

Pulse rate is one indicator that indicates that the heart and circulatory systems in the body are working. The pulse can be used to analyze the functional abilities of a person's body, which of course is influenced by the activity of the body itself. The purpose of this study intends to examine the differences in the frequency of exercise pulse in terms of the type of activity or exercise, and in this study the type of sports activity carried out is the type of aerobic and anaerobic exercise. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research with a survey method approach. The number of respondents involved in the research was 31 people, namely students of the physical education study program STKIP Pasundan class of 2021. The research instrument used an exercise pulse test measured for 60 seconds on the wrist, while for research data analysis techniques using discriptive statistics. The results showed that the average frequency of the initial pulse or resting pulse of 31 respondents showed an average value of 79.9 times per minute, then after doing anaerobic exercise activity was 151.58 and the average pulse rate after doing aerobic activity was 149.58. The conclusion is that there appears to be a slight difference in the average frequency of the training pulse in terms of the type of training activity. Anaerobic exercise activity has a greater increase in average value than aerobic activity.Key word:: Pulse, Exercise, Sport Activities.

Physical Model-Based State of Health Understanding of Severely Aged Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Real-World Automotive Operational Life

Lithium ion-battery (LIB) technology, featuring upstanding energy and power density, satisfying lifetime, high round-trip efficiency and very fast dynamics in a reasonably economic package, rapidly became the undisputed ruler of portable power and it is now the main driver of the electrification of transportation sector. However, despite the fully commercial development, understanding and predicting degradation of such devices is still a great challenge for the scientific and technical community, especially when dealing with real-life-operation induced aging. The reusability of such devices in a circular economy perspective is a hot topic to the sector to improve sustainability, but requires understanding “how” batteries are faded rather than only “how much” they are, to enable a physically consistent and second-life-related estimation of residual lifetime.In the present activity, a detailed analysis of high-power LFP (lithium iron phosphate) cells samples operated on IVECO hybrid buses are performed to assess their possible reusability, in the frame of a joint research cooperation. A large batch of cells with different ages (from 9 years old to brand new) and different positions inside the modules are investigated.State-of-art electrochemical diagnostics are performed embedded in a multi-measurement optimized protocol (full discharge, pulse test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) developed after a sensitivity optimization for a model-based improved parameter identification [1], as visible in Figure 1. Residual performances are analyzed and compared with limited on-board data collected from vehicles BMS and analyzed by means of an appositely-improved physical modelling platform.Both capacity and power capabilities have sensibly decreased over the cells lifetime (see Figure 2 for the full discharges at 0.1C, 25°C) with a clear pattern attributable to cells position beneath the modules, prompting the importance of a homogeneous thermal management during operation. Power-based state of health of the samples is higher than a capacity-based SoH, foreseeing a possible reuse of the samples in a power-intensive second-life. Residual performance interestingly feature a high consistency with data recently published in [2], relative to similar system despite operated in a completely different geographic area; this strengthens the generalizability of the results.Aged cells diagnostics were interpreted with a previously developed Newman P2D physical model provided with heath exchange, to identify the degradation mechanisms through the EIS-based parameter identification procedure [1] involving both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects.Interpretation of thermodynamic aging modes has been conducted on all the tested cell samples, based on 0.1C thermodynamic analysis and the differential voltage. Incremental capacity curves of aged cells have been reproduced with a PSO-based (particle-swarm-optimization) identification of three ageing parameters: loss of lithium inventory (LLI), mainly corresponding to solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth, and loss of active materials at negative (LAMn) and positive (LAMp) electrode, indicating loss of actives sites for the electrochemical reactions. Despite the severely low residual capacity, the model reproduces satisfyingly the features of the aged cells.Interestingly, a linear trend could be identified as common beneath all the samples involved in the analysis, indicating common aging mechanism appearing with different magnitude. As visible in Figure 3, the trend points out a two-steps aging path: (I) a first pathway mainly leading to LLI close to 20%, followed by (II) a second pathway with both LLI and LAMn occurring at the same time. In the literature, similar observations have been already performed by some authors in previous works, with a lower extent of degradation [3,4]. They agree in this interpretation: the first stage is usually associated to the growth of the SEI layer, while the second stage is usually associated to the onset of lithium plating (due to a dense SEI which inhibits the lithium intercalation into graphite). Confirmation of such interpretation is obtained by means of model based interpretation on non-equilibrium measurements, permitting estimation of physical parameters value and enabling identification of aging mechanisms, together with ex-situ measurements based on electrochemical and morpho chemical analyses.Additionally, several consistencies between on-line measurements, such as EIS, and equilibrium capacity loss of cells have been identified, theoretically discussed and tested under further accelerated aging tests, enabling possible strategies of SoH implementation based on fast and informative electrochemical measurements.

Battery Emulator for Coupled Electro-Thermo Powertrain Testing

Approved, DCN# 543-443-23Battery emulation systems are useful for testing and evaluating powertrain systems; but typically,only consider the electrical characteristics of a battery. Powertrains with shared cooling components/systems between batteries and power electronics would benefit from hardware-in-the-loop testing facilities that consider both the electrical and thermal aspects of energy storage. In this work a battery emulator that physically emulates both the electrical and thermal characteristics with a coupled electro-thermal powertrain testbed is demonstrated. The coupled electro-thermo model links the electrical and thermal outputs together and calculates them in real-time. The electrical model is an equivalent circuit representation of a battery making use of experimental data from tested cells. The electrical model is coupled to the thermal model through temperature-dependent parameters of the cell resistance and open circuit voltages. The thermal model is a lumped isothermal reduced order heat generation model. This model will calculate the net heat generated from the ohmic losses, entropic losses, and losses to cooling (liquid and ambient). The thermal model is coupled to the electrical model by being dependent on the cell’s state of charge and using the cell’s current and voltage outputs for its governing equations. Models are parameterized on experimental data acquired through pulsed hybrid testing. In this work, a 3.5 kWh battery pack with a discharge of 40 amps at 48 volts generating 38.4 Watts of heat is emulated in an electro-thermo powertrain testbed configured to represent an electric naval platform such as a small autonomous boat subjected to both baseline and pulsed loading. The electrical emulation is performed through a bidirectional power supply and thermal emulation through a resistive heater. The electro-thermo powertrain testbed then dissipates the emulated electrical energy through power convertors and electronic loads while the thermal energy is dissipated through a heat exchanger that also cools the power convertors. Numerical and experimental validation demonstrate that the coupled electro-thermo battery emulator is capable of accurately representing the electrical and thermal aspects of a 3.5 kWh battery. Limitations in terms ofemulating batteries at higher temperatures and current draws are discussed. Effects of scaling the coupled electro-thermo battery emulator are also presented.Acknowledgment: This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under contract NO.N00014-22-C-1003DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited

Insights on the Buffer Effect in Blended Positive Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

An approach to improve the performance of positive electrodes for Li-ion batteries that is commonly used by companies is fabricating them using mixtures of different materials (usually 2) with complementary features1. This coexistence, when properly formulated, provides an extra design degree of freedom and gives rise to synergetic effects, allowing blends to perform better than what the rule of mixture predicts. Unfortunately, the internal dynamics of the electrodes are still poorly understood at fundamental level and the optimization of formulations for such blends still mainly depends on empirical studies. One of the important characteristics identified in blends is termed the buffer effect. This occurs when the material exhibiting fastest kinetics can receive an excess of the incoming lithium under high power discharge and subsequently, when the current stops, transfer this excess to the higher capacity material.In this study, the role and extent of this effect is explored for a set of representative materials and the resulting blends resulting from their mixtures. For the measurements we are using a special experimental model-like blended electrode setup reported by Heubner et al.2 slightly adapted to our needs. In this setup, two positive electrodes with different active material, but same active mass, are facing each other, separated by 2 separators with a disk of perforated lithium in the middle. During measurement, current is applied between an electrode and lithium while a potentiostat actively keeps the two positive electrodes at the same potential. Such setup gives us access to the current exchanged between the positive electrodes while keeping them in equal potential at all times, as would happen in a blended electrode with 50% of each material.For the study, 4 cathode active materials were used, LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC), LiMn2O4 (LMO), LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiFe0.4Mn0.6PO4 (LFMP), and every binary combination of them was measured. The cells after 3 C/10 formation cycles were subjected to a pulsed electrochemical test (1 minute 3C pulses followed by 10 minutes of relaxation). Top figure shows the voltage response of the cell vs. time while the bottom one shows the charge that was transferred between the materials during their relaxations (buffering charge) and while the cell current is equal to zero , for the NMC-LMO blend. We applied the same protocol for all the combinations under study and found out large variations of this buffering ability depending on the blends constituents and their individual electrochemical properties. It is clearly evident that both the magnitude and the direction (sign) of the buffering current varies in the voltage range meaning each material can act as donor or acceptor of the buffering lithium. We believe that this provides a new insight in the internal processes in blended electrodes and brings us one step closer to their rational design. References : Casas‐Cabanas et al. Isr J Chem 61, 26–37 (2021).Heubner et al. J Power Sources 363, 311–316 (2017). Figure 1

Rapid Electrochemical Diagnosis of Battery Health and Safety from Cells to Modules

Rapid electrochemical diagnosis of battery health and failure is critical for ensuring reliable battery performance and battery safety. Traditional battery health diagnostics such as capacity measurements and DC pulse tests are reliable and well-understood, however, these measurements of battery capacity and resistance do not capture all aspects of battery degradation. Other aspects of degradation, such as electrolyte decomposition, lithium-plating, and particle cracking are difficult to detect electrochemically but are crucial to measure to get a full picture of battery safety and flag out potential failures. In this work, lab- and field-aged commercial lithium-ion batteries and modules of various chemistries and formats are tested using a variety of traditional electrochemical characterization methods as well as using 2-minute pseudo-random DC pulse sequences at rest and during charge/discharge. The electrochemical measurements are compared to physical cell measurements, cell efficiency, drive cycle performance, physical and thermal heterogeneity, and qualitative safety metrics using statistical and machine-learning methods to discover if a comprehensive ‘battery health map’ can be accurately identified using only rapid DC measurements.

A Grey-box Model with Neural Ordinary Differential Equations for the Slow Voltage Dynamics of Lithium-ion Batteries: Model Development and Training

Lithium-ion batteries exhibit slow voltage dynamics on the minute time scale that are usually associated with transport processes. We present a novel modelling approach toward these dynamics by combining physical and data-driven models into a Grey-box model. We use neural networks, in particular neural ordinary differential equations. The physical structure of the Grey-box model is borrowed from the Fickian diffusion law, where the transport domain is discretized using finite volumes. Within this physical structure, unknown parameters (diffusion coefficient, diffusion length, discretization) and dependencies (state of charge, lithium concentration) are replaced by neural networks and learnable parameters. We perform model-to-model comparisons, using as training data (a) a Fickian diffusion process, (b) a Warburg element, and (c) a resistor-capacitor circuit. Voltage dynamics during constant-current operation and pulse tests as well as electrochemical impedance spectra are simulated. The slow dynamics of all three physical models in the order of ten to 30 min are well captured by the Grey-box model, demonstrating the flexibility of the present approach.

Effect of Curing Age on Tensile Properties of Fly Ash Based Engineered Geopolymer Composites (FA-EGC) by Uniaxial Tensile Test and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Method

Effect of Curing Age on Tensile Properties of Fly Ash Based Engineered Geopolymer Composites (FA-EGC) by Uniaxial Tensile Test and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Method

Investigation of dynamic ron stability and hot electrons reliability in normally-off AlGaN/GaN power HEMTs

The current collapse and hot electron effect of 100 V normally-off GaN power HEMTs are investigated. The 100 V GaN-on-Si power HEMTs are fabricated on an industrial 200 mm Si CMOS compatible technology platform. The double pulse test (DPT) and the dynamic high temperature operating life (DHTOL) test are implemented to verify the dynamic on-resistance (dynamic Ron) stability. Wafer level hot electron reliability test is performed to investigate the effect of high electric field and high current on GaN power HEMT. It is proved that the dynamic Ron stability of 100 V GaN power HEMT is qualified (Ron/Rini, static < 1.2) when the drain-source off-state voltage (Vdsoff) is less than 80 V. It is shown that the dynamic Ron degradation of GaN device is recoverable by means of annealing. Hot electrons reliability is dominated by the high electric field at drain edge and the high current which is source injected electrons flowing to the drain. It is demonstrated that the Vth drift and Ron degradation are extraordinary serious under semi on-state stress condition with Vdsoff = 60 V.

Interpass temperature effects on WAAM ER316L stainless steel corrosion using potentiostatic pulse tests

The effect of interpass temperature on the microstructure and pit nucleation behaviour in wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) deposited ER316L stainless steel is investigated. Lowering the interpass temperature increases the ferrite content and decreases the sigma phase precipitation. Potentiostatic pulse measurements show that the WAAM ER316L pits develop predominantly near sigma phases and have higher pit density compared to a wrought 316L (UNS S31600). The pitting susceptibility of WAAM ER316L increases with increasing interpass temperature due to the precipitation of larger sigma phase enhancing the elemental segregation.

Role of colour Doppler in predicting foetal outcome in maternal anaemia.

Anaemia is the most common nutritional deficiency in Indian pregnant females. It ensues foetal hypoxia resulting in different compensatory mechanisms in the foetus which may result in adverse perinatal outcomes. Colour Doppler can be used to measure these hemodynamic changes of the foetus ahead of the clinical manifestations, guiding the obstetrician for the appropriate management and circumventing any dire complication. The aim of this study is to detect foetal haemodynamic changes associated with maternal anaemia and assess the parameters which predict these changes accurately. Prospective cohort study. Two hundred and forty pregnant females in the third trimester, divided into four groups based on their haemoglobin levels in the non-anaemic, mild, moderate and severe anaemic groups, were included in the study. These patients were followed up for foetal outcome in terms of effective foetal weight, APGAR score and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Analysis of Variance Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (ANOVA) test was used to compare the quantitative variables. SPSS software was used. The middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler indices and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) values were increasing while umbilical Doppler indices were decreasing with the increasing severity of anaemia. CPR was found to be the most sensitive predictor for foetal outcome. Maternal anaemia results in foetal hypoxia which can be measured in terms of foetal Doppler indices. CPR was found to be more sensitive than the umbilical or MCA in predicting foetal hypoxia and in turn the perinatal outcome of foetuses of anaemic pregnant females. The foetuses with low CPR values will require urgent intervention to improve the outcomes.

First results on 1.2 kV SiC MOSFET body diode robustness tests

The paper proposes a methodology study to analyze the body diode robustness of SiC MOSFETs. Devices from different manufacturers are used to validate the analysis. Two types of stresses have been applied: a continuous conduction test (BDCT) or a pulsed conduction test, the classical half-sine surge current test applied to body diodes, BDSCT. BDCT applied current must be limited to avoid damages related to the packaging but BDSCT allows analyzing both assembly degradation and bipolar degradation.

Evaluation of compression self-healing performance of a smart cementitious composite SMA-ECC

A two-stage compressive test was adopted to study the self-healing performance of a smart cementitious composite SMA-ECC under compression. The ultrasonic pulse and sorptivity tests were used to track self-healing ability and resistance to internal damage, respectively. A total of 32 groups of specimens, including 28 groups of SMA-ECC specimens and 4 groups of ordinary ECC specimens, were tested with various fiber contents and preloading levels. The strength recovery rate, relative dynamic elastic modulus recovery rate before and after self-healing, and cumulative water absorption were measured during the tests. It was found that the strength recovery rate of the SMA-ECC increased by 29.2% to 37.2% compared to the ordinary ECC. The elastic modulus recovery rate after self-healing of the SMA-ECC is approximately 3 to 10 times that of the ordinary ECC, and SMA-ECC with a 0.9% fiber content exhibits the best healing effect, with a remarkable 194% increase in elastic modulus recovery rate compared to ECC. As for internal damage, an increase in fiber content corresponds to a decrease in relative sorptivity coefficient (η) in most cases. Notably, for SMA-ECC specimens featuring a 0.9% fiber content, η reaches its nadir, hovering around 0.7. The situation takes an unexpected turn when fiber content hits 1%, as the relative sorptivity coefficient experiences a 14.9% increment compared to the SMA-ECC with 0.9% fiber content. Based on the test results, it is concluded that the SMA-ECC has excellent compressive recovery performance and the ability to resist internal damage. The optimal SMA fiber content for the self-healing performance of the SMA-ECC is determined to be 0.7% to 0.9%.

Resistor-less power-rail ESD clamp circuit design with adjustable NMOS gate biased voltage

Based on the 0.18 μm CMOS process, proposed a new power-rail electrostatic discharge clamp circuit. The proposed circuit can adjust the voltage biased to the big clamp NMOS (Mbig) gate by adjusting the width of one MOS transistor, and the feedback path is designed to prolong the response time of Mbig. The simulation results demonstrated that the voltage biased to the Mbig of the proposed circuit has a relatively steady state and the Mbig has a longer response time, which can effectively reduce the damage to the gate oxide layer of the Mbig with large voltage overshoot. The transmission line pulse test results show that compared to the Mbig of the conventional circuit, the Mbig of the proposed circuit has higher trigger voltage, lower on-resistance, and better robustness.

Carrier lifetime modulation on current capability of SiC PiN diodes in a pulsed system

Silicon carbide (SiC) PiN diode has shown substantial promise as the freewheel diode for switch protection in a pulsed system. In this paper, we investigate the carrier lifetime (τ) modulation on pulsed current capability of SiC PiN diodes. The carrier lifetime in 4H–SiC is modulated by the generation of the Z1/2 center through neutron irradiation. Surprisingly, we found that the pulsed current of SiC PiN diodes shows a limited improvement when the carrier lifetime (τ) increases from 0.22 to 1.3 μs, while is significantly promoted as the carrier lifetime increases from 0.03 to 0.22 μs. This changing trend is obviously different from the on-state resistance, which decreases with the increased carrier lifetime. The simulation result indicates that the heat generation (i.e., maximum temperature rise) inside the PiN diodes, especially in the drift layer, is remarkably aggravated in the pulse tests for τ < 0.1 μs, but which is significantly suppressed as carrier lifetime rises to 0.2 μs and above. Therefore, the dependence of pulsed current on carrier lifetime is ascribed to the heat generation resulting from the carrier lifetime controlled conductivity modulation effect, which hence affects the temperature rise and brings about the failure of SiC PiN diodes under high pulsed current.

Distinguishing evaluation of plastic deformation and fatigue damage using pulsed eddy current testing

The vessels and pipes of nuclear power structures are subjected to complex forces. The structures suffer sudden loads that lead to plastic deformation and cyclic loads that result in fatigue damage. In practice, two types of microscopic damage may occur simultaneously. The effect of plastic deformation on material fatigue properties remains unclear, and there is a lack of effective methods to distinguish plastic deformation and fatigue damage. To address these issues, the fatigue life curve of 304 stainless steel is experimentally measured, and the influence of fatigue life due to the presence of plastic deformation under a certain load is investigated. It's identified that preset plastic deformation below 15% will increase the fatigue life of the structure. Additionally, a pulsed eddy current signal processing and reconstruction method based on the empirical modal decomposition (EBD) method is proposed. Finally, the pulsed eddy current signal characteristics of plastic deformation and fatigue damage are analyzed, and a distinguishing evaluation method of fatigue damage with preset plastic deformation is established.

Detection of brazing defects in stainless steel core plate using the first peak value of pulsed eddy current testing signals

As a novel building structure element, stainless steel core plate (SSCP) has seen growing application in modular construction. It is composed of two stainless steel skin panels and a number of stainless steel core tubes, which are brazed by elevated temperature inert gas. The underlying defects in brazing joints severely damage the SSCP’s structural integrity and weaken its mechanical properties. In this study, a nondestructive testing (NDT) method based on pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) was employed to contactlessly detect the missing solder and non-bonding brazing defects from the plate surface. The defect-free and defective brazing joints are simplified to stratified structures and analytical modeling for a PECT probe over the brazing joint is thus performed. The time-domain features of the calculated PECT signal due to the structure parameter variation are investigated. The first peak value is selected to characterize the brazing quality due to its distinct variation w.r.t. well-bonded brazing, missing solder, non-bonding and skin panel. Experiments are also carried out to validate the analytical modeling. With the aid of an industrial robotic arm, one-dimensional (1D) line-scan and two-dimensional (2D) planar scan of the PECT probe over the SSCP specimen are implemented and the detection results are represented in images. In contrast to the well-bonded joint, the brazing joints with missing solder defects are imaged as notched rings, on which the notch orientations and sizes agree with the actual openings of the brazing foils, while the non-bonding brazing joint is imaged as a full ring with faded color. The proposed method shows a promising aspect in practical application for automated NDT of the brazing defects in SSCPs.

Improving the Properties of Saline Soil Using a Deep Soil Mixing Technique

Saline soils belong to the category of problematic soils with high compressibility and weak shear strength when exposed to water. Water dissolves the salts in soils which are the primary cementing agents. Therefore, stabilization methods that provide sustainable cementing substances are employed in this study using deep soil mixing techniques to enhance the properties of saline soil. In this regard, a laboratory-scaled deep soil mixing procedure was developed to treat the soil in a way similar to the field methods. A binder, consisting of marble powder and cement, was employed to treat the soil. This study aimed to select the most efficient binder mix design in terms of optimum marble powder/cement ratio and optimum water/binder ratio. Unconfined compressive strength, durability, density measurements and ultrasonic velocity pulse tests were conducted on the treated soil. To determine the treatment efficacy, microstructure analysis of the treated samples was conducted. The 80C20MP and 70C30MP samples exhibit a dense soil structure with minimal voids, and their microstructure is denser than the other treated specimens. Additionally, the EDX analysis shows increased calcium percentages with up to 30% MP replacement, aligning well with the microstructure analysis and the UCS values. The results indicate that the economical and eco-friendly binder mix consisted of (70% to 80%) cement and (20% to 30%) marble powder with water/binder ratio in the range of 1.1 to 1.3. This mix contributed greatly to the improvement in soil strength and integrated columns.

The design considerations of stray inductance for power modules with parallel-connected IGBT chips for a digital gate driver control

This paper aims to clarify the effect of asymmetric gate inductance Lg and emitter inductance Le inside power modules with two parallel-connected IGBTs on switching characteristics when a three-step digital gate driver is employed. Five types of IGBT modules with different Lg and Le were fabricated to implement double pulse tests by conventional gate driving and digital gate driving with three-step vectors. Under the conventional gate driving, the asymmetric Le introduced an imbalanced current during on-stage, and the asymmetric Lg introduced gate voltage spike Vg_spike and an imbalanced current during the turn-off interval. Large Lg introduced large Vg_spike. From the miller plateau in the turn-off, the current started to concentrate on the IGBT whose Lg is small. In the turn-on interval, the asymmetric Le made current share in two IGBTs become imbalanced, and the occurred large Vg_spike is positively corresponding to the difference of emitter current Ie flowing through two IGBTs. Under digital gate driving, it was found that the tradeoff between switching loss and voltage/current overshoots can be improved. And, the difference of Eoff between two IGBT chips, which results from asymmetric Le mainly, could be decreased more than that in conventional gate driving. In the turn-on interval, the large Vg_spike can be suppressed by a small vector number at the second step, and the difference of turn-on loss Eon could be also decreased. According to the above switching characteristics, the design considerations of power modules with parallel-connected IGBTs were proposed as the digital gate driver is applied.

Perbedaan Recovery Denyut Nadi Berdasarkan Jeda Waktu Makan Setelah Olahraga

The right time to eat for athletes is suggested to support achievement. However, research evidence on this matter still needs to be more extensive. This study aims to reveal evidence of differences in pulse after exercise by looking at the pause after eating. A one-shot case study experiment was conducted with 22 student samples divided into three groups. The first group of 7 people exercised immediately after eating (A), the second group of 8 people 1 hour after eating (B), and group 3 2 hours after eating (C). Pulse testing is carried out before exercising (basketball man to man half court) for 10 minutes, and then the pulse is measured after playing; further measurements are carried out every 3 minutes up to 4 times and 1 hour after stopping playing. The rest is done passively. The instruments used are tests and measurements of the pulse. Data analysis used is descriptive statistics and different tests using ANOVA. The results showed that, in this case, group A and Group C had the same pulse rate of 65 per minute, while Group B had an average of 77.5 per minute. Pulse after exercising consecutively 1130.29, 128, and 128.9 per minute. At the end of measuring the pulse after 1 hour of rest, it turned out that group C had the lowest pulse compared to groups A and B.&#x0D; Keywords: Recovery, Food before sport, pulse