Temperature Rise In Pulp Chamber Research Articles

Evaluation of the laser wavelength role on tooth bleaching in terms of color change, roughness, and microhardness with pulpal rapid temperature monitoring: an in vitro study.

This in-vitro study evaluates the efficacy of the teeth bleaching approach using different laser wavelengths (405nm blue diode, 940nm infrared diode, and Er,Cr:YSGG 2780nm lasers) in comparison to the conventional method using light-emitting diode (LED) sources (420-480)nm. Eighty caries-free sound human premolars were randomly divided into four groups (N=20). Each group received a different bleaching procedure. Then each group was further subdivided into two subgroups (N=10) stained with different solutions. The pulp chamber temperature rise was recorded using an optical fiber sensor with a novel design and fabrication. The color was analyzed using a digital spectrophotometer. Five samples of each subgroup were tested for surface roughness, while the others were tested for Vickers microhardness. The bleaching process with a short wavelength 405nm blue diode laser showed the best results for the shade, with a minimum pulpal temperature increase indicating no possible necrosis and hence maintaining tooth vitality. Additionally, a remarkable reduction in bleaching time was achieved compared to the conventional approach. This process also yielded the highest color change (Δ E) and increased microhardness, with no noticeable change to the tooth roughness. The 405nm blue diode laser applied for bleaching showed the best bleaching activity against tested stains and negligible pulpal temperature rise with a noticeable reduction in the bleaching time. The proposed novel method to measure temperature change could be used to develop a promising smart sensor for quick, effective, repeatable, and in-situ monitoring of human body temperature.

Pulp chamber temperature rise in light-cure bonding of brackets with and without primer, in intact versus restored teeth.

To evaluate the pulp chamber temperature rise (PCTR) in light-cure bonding of brackets with and without primer, in intact and restored mandibular central incisors (M1), maxillary first premolars (Mx4), and mandibular third molars (M8). Ninety human teeth were included: M1 (n=30), Mx4 (n=30), and M8 (n=30). Light-cure bonding of brackets was performed in intact (n=60) and restored (n=30) teeth, with primer (n=60) or without (n=30) primer. PCTR was defined as the difference between initial (T0) and peak temperatures (T1), recorded with a thermocouple during light-cure bonding. Differences on PCTR between bonding techniques (primer vs. no primer), teeth types (M1 vs. Mx4 vs. M8), and teeth condition (intact vs. restored) were estimated by ANCOVA, with α=5%.Results: PCTR was significantly higher with the use of primer (2.05 ± 0.08oC) than without primer (1.65 ± 0.14oC) (p=0.02), and in M1 (2.23 ± 0.22oC) compared to Mx4 (1.56 ± 0.14oC) (p<0.01). There was no difference in the PCTR in M8 (1.77 ± 0.28oC) compared to M1 or Mx4 (p>0.05), and no difference between intact (1.78 ± 0.14oC) and restored (1.92 ± 0.08oC) teeth (p=0.38). There was no influence of dentin enamel thickness in the PCTR (p=0.19). PCTR was higher in light-cure bonding of brackets with primer, especially in M1. Light-cure bonding seems less invasive without primer.

Pulp chamber temperature changes during orthodontic bonding – an in vitro study

Abstract Aim Using a thermal camera, the aim of the study was to determine pulp chamber temperature changes during orthodontic bonding produced as a result of variations in curing light sources, different curing distances and bracket types. Methods One hundred sixty maxillary premolar teeth were sectioned into two halves and embedded into acrylic moulds. Four curing light sources were used which further divided the overall sample into Halogen, light emitting diode (LED), powered LED, and high-power LED groups. Additional subgroups were created according to the applied curing distances (5 mm, 10 mm) and different bracket types (metallic or ceramic). A standardised bonding procedure was performed and pulp chamber temperature changes were evaluated using a thermal camera. Statistical analysis was performed using a three-way ANOVA. Results The Halogen light curing group revealed a significantly higher temperature rise in the pulp chamber compared to the other groups. A shorter curing distance produced increases in pulpal temperature. There was no significant effect as a result of the bracket type. Conclusions None of the curing light sources exceeded the critical value for pulp chamber temperature rise. The primary desirable outcome was the lowest temperature increase noted with the high-power LED unit. The secondary outcome related to the different brackets revealed no difference relative to pulp chamber temperature change. From a clinical perspective, high-power LED units could be safely used.

The effect of laser-activated bleaching with 445 nm and 970 nm diode lasers on pulp chamber temperature rise: an in vitro study

The aim of this study was to determine the pulp chamber temperature changes during bleaching procedures with irradiation from 445 nm and 970 nm diode lasers at different powers. A total of 120 human maxillary central incisors were used for this study. Diode lasers at two different wavelengths were irradiated in this evaluation: 970 nm at 1.5 W of power, 970 nm at 2 W, 445 nm at 1 W and 445 nm at 1.5 W. A thermometer was inserted into the pulp chamber and the temperature increase after bleaching was recorded. The results indicated that there was not a significant difference between the groups at the same wavelengths (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between groups at different wavelengths (P < 0.05). The highest recorded pulp temperature increase was for the 970 nm diode laser with 2 W of power (2.0 0.5), and the lowest pulp temperature rise was 0.1 0.2 for the 445 nm diode laser with 1 W of power. According to the results of this study it can be concluded that the temperature elevation after bleaching with the diode laser at the wavelengths 970 nm and 445 nm is in the safe range, and both wavelengths with the parameters applied in this study can be used as prudent in-office bleaching techniques.

Pulpal Temperature Rise: Evaluation after Light Activation of Newer Pulp-Capping Materials and Resin Composite.

Background:To evaluate temperature changes in pulp chamber during light activation of newer pulp- capping materials and composite resin using light-emitting diode.Materials and Methods:A standardized Class I cavity was prepared in 80 extracted, intact, noncarious mandibular first molars, keeping remaining dentin thickness of 0.5 mm. The teeth were divided into four groups of 20 teeth each. Following this, apical third of the mesial root of each tooth was cut and a K type thermocouple attached to digital thermometer was inserted into pulp chamber from the sectioned mesial root. Whole assembly with teeth was suspended in water bath with constant temperature at 37°C. The previously divided teeth in four groups, were lined with Calcimol LC (Group A), Activa (Group B), TheraCal LC (Group C), and Ionoseal (Group D), followed by 3 increments of Filtek Z350 × T universal restorative. The temperature rise following light activation of pulp-capping material, bonding agent, and composite was noted.Results:The temperature rise in the pulp chamber after light activation of Activa was highest among all pulp-capping materials, followed by teeth lined with Calcimol LC, Ionoseal, and least in teeth with TheraCal LC.Conclusions:Temperature rise in the pulp chamber after light activation of newer pulp-capping materials and composite was below critical threshold for irreversible pulpal damage. Among all the pulp-capping materials, TheraCal LC showed lowest temperature rise in pulp chamber.

Comparison of temperature rise in pulp chamber during polymerization of materials used for direct fabrication of provisional restorations: An in-vitro study.

Objective:The purpose is to compare temperature rise in the pulp chamber during fabrication of provisional crowns using different materials and on different types of teeth using direct technique.Materials and Methods:An extracted, sound, caries free maxillary central incisor and a mandibular molar were selected for the study and crown preparations of all ceramic and all metal were done on central incisor and mandibular molar, respectively. Materials tested were DPI tooth molding self-curing material and protemp-4. Addition silicone putty was used as a matrix and 80 provisional crowns were fabricated, of which 40 were on central incisor and 40 on mandibular molar. Depending on the type of material used, they were further divided into two subgroups: Each comprising 20 provisional crowns. Temperature readings were recorded using K type of thermocouple with 0.1°C precision digital thermometer.Statistical Analysis Used:Analysis of variance, Tukey honest significant difference and Kruskall–Wallis H-test.Results:Statistically significant difference exists between two materials tested on the basis of peak temperature achieved and time taken by a particular material to reach peak temperature. Peak temperature achieved was highest for provisional crowns with DPI tooth molding self-curing material on maxillary central incisor (40.39 + 0.46), followed by DPI tooth molding self-curing material on mandibular molar (40.03 + 0.32), protemp-4 on maxillary central incisor (39.46 + 0.26) and least with protemp-4 on mandibular molar (39.09 + 0.33). The time taken to reach peak temperature was almost double in DPI tooth molding self-curing material (5 min) than in protemp-4.Conclusion:Polymethyl methacrylate resin produced higher intra-pulpal rise when compared to newer generation bis-acrylic composite.

Comparison of Exothermic Release during the Polymerization of Four Materials used to fabricate Provisional Restorations

ABSTRACT Background and objectives This in vitro study compared and determined the temperature increase in the pulp chamber of permanent maxillary first premolar teeth placed in contact with different resins used for the fabrication of provisional resto- rations. Materials and methods Polymethyl methacrylate (DPI), poly- ethyl methacrylate (SNAP), polyvinylethyl methacrylate (TRIM), bis-acrylic composite (Protemp II) were compared with respect to their exothermic properties during polymerization. Eighty freshly extracted maxillary first premolars were prepared for complete coverage restoration were placed in an acrylic resin block. A thermal probe connected to a digital thermometer was placed into the pulp chamber. Specimens were submerged in a water bath to simulate intraoral conditions. The provisional materials were manipulated according to manufacturer's instructions. The resin mix was placed into template and was then positioned on the prepared tooth. The temperature was recorded during the polymerization at 30-second intervals until it was evident that the peak temperature had been reached. After complete polymerization, the template was removed from the tooth and the provisional crown was retrieved. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. Results Mean temperature increase for the provisional crown fabrication ranged from 38.78°C, 37.79°C, 37.71°C and 35.88°C for polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl- ethyl methacrylate and bis-acrylic composite respectively. Polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate and bisacrylic composite were highly significant. Interpretation and conclusion All the materials used were in the safer limit. Hence, by comparing all the four material, Bis-acrylic composite showed least temperature rise in pulp chamber. How to cite this article Raju M. Comparison of Exothermic Release during the Polymerization of Four Materials used to fabricate Provisional Restorations. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(1):1-5.

Influence of whitening gel on pulp chamber temperature rise by in-office bleaching technique

INTRODUCTION: Dental bleaching is a conservative method for the aesthetic restoration of stained teeth. However, whitening treatments are likely to cause adverse effects when not well planned and executed. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the influence of whitening gel on temperature rise in the pulp chamber, using the in-office photoactivated dental bleaching technique. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The root portion of an upper central human incisor was sectioned 3mm below the cemento-enamel junction. The root canal was enlarged to permit the insertion of the K-type thermocouple sensor (MT-401) into the pulp chamber, which was filled with thermal paste to facilitate the transfer of heat during bleaching. Three photosensitive whitening agents (35% hydrogen peroxide) were used: Whiteness HP (FGM), Whiteness HP Maxx (FGM) and Lase Peroxide Sensy (DMC). An LED photocuring light (Flash Lite - Discus Dental) was used to activate the whitening gels. Six bleaching cycles were performed on each group tested. The results were submitted to one-way ANOVA and LSD t-test (α&lt;0.05). RESULT: The lowest mean temperature variation (ºC) was detected for Lase Peroxide Sensy (0.20), while the highest was recorded for Whiteness HP (1.50). CONCLUSION: The Whiteness HP and Whiteness HP Maxx whitening gels significantly affected the temperature rise in the pulp chamber during bleaching, and this variation was dependent on the type of whitening gel used.

Pulp-chamber temperature rise during polymerization of commercial and experimental composites

Pulp-chamber temperature rise during polymerization of commercial and experimental composites

Effect of light-activated bleaching on pulp chamber temperature rise: An in vitro study

This study aimed to compare the pulp chamber temperature changes that occur with the use of different light sources during vital bleaching with and without application of bleaching agents. One hundred and forty-four mandibular incisor teeth were divided into four groups (n = 36) according to the use of halogen light, light-emitting diode, 3 W and 1.5 W diode laser. The teeth in the main groups were divided into three subgroups (n = 12). First subgroup had no bleaching gel application. By White and Whiteness HP were applied with a thickness of 2 mm to the other subgroups respectively. The labial surfaces of the teeth were irradiated with a total time of 20 s. Temperature changes in the pulp chamber were measured and analysed by using anova and Tukey test. The 3 W diode laser induced the highest pulp chamber temperature rise (P = 0.000). Bleaching gel application reduced the temperature changes in the diode laser groups (P < 0.05). Diode laser activation during vital bleaching induces pulp chamber temperature rise, which may cause thermal tissue damage.

In vitro pulp chamber temperature rise from irradiation and exotherm of flowable composites

The aim of this study was to investigate the pulpal temperature rise induced during the polymerization of flowable and non-flowable composites using light-emitting diode (LED) and halogen (quartz-tungsten-halogen) light-curing units (LCUs). Five flowable and three non-flowable composites were examined. Pulpal temperature changes were recorded over 10 min in a sample primary tooth by a thermocouple. A conventional quartz-tungsten-halogen source and two LEDs, one of which was programmable, were used for light curing the resin composites. Three repetitions per material were made for each LCU. There was a wide range of temperature rises among the materials (P < 0.05). Temperature rises ranged between 1.3 degrees C for Filtek Supreme irradiated by low-power LED and 4.5 degrees C for Grandio Flow irradiated by high-power LED. The highest temperature rises were observed with both the LED high-power and soft-start LCUs. The time to reach the exothermic peak varied significantly between the materials (P < 0.05). Pulpal temperature rise is related to both the radiant energy output from LCUs and the polymerization exotherm of resin composites. A greater potential risk for heat-induced pulp damage might be associated with high-power LED sources. Flowable composites exhibited higher temperature rises than non-flowable materials, because of higher resin contents.

In vitro study of the pulp chamber temperature rise during light-activated bleaching

This study evaluated in vitro the pulp chamber temperature rise induced by the light-activated dental bleaching technique using different light sources. The root portions of 78 extracted sound human mandibular incisors were sectioned approximately 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction. The root cavities of the crowns were enlarged to facilitate the correct placing of the sensor into the pulp chamber. Half of specimens (n=39) was assigned to receive a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel on the buccal surface and the other halt (n=39) not to receive the bleaching agent. Three groups (n=13) were formed for each condition (bleach or no bleach) according to the use of 3 light sources recommended for dental bleaching: a light-emitting diode (LED)-laser system, a LED unit and a conventional halogen light. The light sources were positioned perpendicular to the buccal surface at a distance of 5 mm and activated during 30 s. The differences between the initial and the highest temperature readings for each specimen were obtained, and, from the temperature changes, the means for each specimen and each group were calculated. The values of temperature rise were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test at 1% significance level. Temperature rise varied significantly depending on the light-curing unit, with statistically significant differences (p<0.01) among the groups. When the bleaching agent was not applied, the halogen light induced the highest temperature rise (2.38±0.66°C). The LED unit produced the lowest temperature increase (0.29±0.13°C); but there was no significant difference between LED unit and LED-laser system (0.35±0.15°C) (p>0.01). When the bleaching agent was applied, there were significant differences among groups (p<0.01): halogen light induced the highest temperature rise (1.41±0.64°C), and LED-laser system the lowest (0.33±0.12°C); however, there was no difference between LED-laser system and LED unit (0.44±0.11°C). LED and LED-laser system did not differ significantly from each other regardless the temperature rise occurred with or without bleaching agent application. It may be concluded that during light-activated tooth bleaching, with or without the bleaching agent, halogen light promoted higher pulp chamber temperature rise than LED unit and LED-laser system. The tested light-curing units provided increases in the pulp chamber temperature that were compatible with pulpal health.

Pulp Chamber Temperature Rise during Curing of Resin-Based Composites with Different Light-Curing Units

Aims The purpose of the present study was to measure the intrapulpal temperature rise occurring during polymerisation of different shades of resin-based composites (RBCs), and two light-emitting diode (LED) units. Methods Seventy non-carious permanent molars, that had been extracted for orthodontic purposes and stored in 2% thymol for not more than four months, were selected. Patient age range was 11–18 years. Standard cavity preparation with standardised remaining dentine thickness and placement of thermocouples (TCs) was prepared using a novel split-tooth technique. Cavities were filled with one of two shades of RBC (A2 and C4, Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), and cured with two LED high-intensity units (Elipar Freelight2, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany; Bluephase, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and a conventional halogen light-curing unit (LCU) (Prismetics Lite 2, Dentsply, Weybridge, Surrey, UK) as a control. Results Pulp temperature rises during bonding [A2 results: H;2.67/0.48:E;5.24/1.32;B;5.99/1.61] were always greater than during RBC curing [A2 results: 2.44/0.63;E3.34/0.70;B3.38/0.60], and these were significant for both LED lights but not for the halogen control, irrespective of shade (Mann-Whitney test: 95% confidence limits). Temperature rises were at times in excess of the values normally quoted as causing irreversible pulp damage. Pulp temperature rises during bonding were higher with the LED lights than with the halogen control. There was no significant difference in temperature rise between the two LED lights when bonding but there was a significant difference between the two LED lights and the halogen control LCUs (Kruskal-Wallis Test: 95% confidence limits). Conclusions The results support the view that there is a potential risk for heat-induced pulpal injury when light-curing RBCs. The risk is greater during bonding and with high energy, as compared to low-energy output systems. As the extent of tolerable thermal trauma by the pulp tissues is unknown, care and consideration should be given to the choice of LCU and the exposure time when curing RBCs, and especially during bonding.

Pulp Chamber Temperature Rise During Curing of Resin-Based Composites with Different Light-Curing Units

The purpose of the present study was to measure the intrapulpal temperature rise occurring during polymerisation of different shades of resin-based composites (RBCs), and two light-emitting diode (LED) units. Seventy non-carious permanent molars, that had been extracted for orthodontic purposes and stored in 2% thymol for not more than four months, were selected. Patient age range was 11-18 years. Standard cavity preparation with standardised remaining dentine thickness and placement of thermocouples (TCs) was prepared using a novel split-tooth technique. Cavities were filled with one of two shades of RBC (A2 and C4, Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), and cured with two LED high-intensity units (Elipar Freelight2, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany; Bluephase, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and a conventional halogen light-curing unit (LCU) (Prismetics Lite 2, Dentsply, Weybridge, Surrey, UK) as a control. Pulp temperature rises during bonding [A2 results: H;2.67/0.48:E;5.24/1.32;B;5.99/1.61] were always greater than during RBC curing [A2 results: 2.44/0.63;E3.34/0.70;B3.38/0.60], and these were significant for both LED lights but not for the halogen control, irrespective of shade (Mann-Whitney test: 95% confidence limits). Temperature rises were at times in excess of the values normally quoted as causing irreversible pulp damage. Pulp temperature rises during bonding were higher with the LED lights than with the halogen control. There was no significant difference in temperature rise between the two LED lights when bonding but there was a significant difference between the two LED lights and the halogen control LCUs (Kruskal-Wallis Test: 95% confidence limits). The results support the view that there is a potential risk for heat-induced pulpal injury when light-curing RBCs. The risk is greater during bonding and with high energy, as compared to low-energy output systems. As the extent of tolerable thermal trauma by the pulp tissues is unknown, care and consideration should be given to the choice of LCU and the exposure time when curing RBCs, and especially during bonding.

A Comparative evaluation of pulp chamber temperature rise associated with polishing of light cured composite restorations using 2 different polishing systems

Composite resin is presently used primarily as a direct esthetic restorative material. The esthetics of these tooth-coloured restorations is heavily dependent on surface finish Polishing of composite resin can produce potentially injurious temperature rise within the pulp chamber. This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the pulp chamber temperature rise associated with the polishing of light cured composite veneer restorations using 2 different polishing systems (Astropol, Shofu- Snap kit). 40 extracted maxillary central incisors were used in this study. They were randomly divided into 4 groups-Groups 1, II (Dry Continuous, Intermittent respectively) and Groups III, IV (Wet, Continuous, Intermittent respectively). Groups I, II were polished with the Shofu System and Groups Ill, IV were polished using Astropo System. The temperature rise was recorded within each group and the remaining dentin thickness (RDT) was measured after sectioning of the teeth. The results indicated: There were significant differences in the temperature rise between the dry and the wet systems. The correlation of the temperature rise and the remaining dentin thickness was significant for the dry, intermittent group and was dependent on application time of the disks. Remaining dentin thickness is an important factor in regulating the magnitude of temperature rise during polishing of restorations.

Pulp chamber temperature changes during resin composite photo-activation

The aim of the present study was to verify if there is any difference in the pulp chamber temperature rise during the photo-activation of two resin composites with different viscosities. Eighteen extracted bovine incisors were divided into two groups (n=9) that were restored with two different resin composites – Filtek Z250 and Filtek Flow (3M/ESPE Dental Products, St Paul, MN 55144, USA). During the photo-activation, with a conventional halogen light curing unit (XL 2500, 3M/ESPE), a type-K thermocouple registered the temperature rise peak in the pulp chamber. The temperature rise data were submitted to Student-t test at 5% significance. The resin composite Filtek Flow shows statically higher mean temperature rise (p<0.05). We conclude that the resin composites with different viscosities produce different temperature changes during the photo-activation.

Effect of CO 2 laser on pulpal temperature and surface morphology: an in vitro study

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential effects on underlying dental hard tissues of a high pulse rate carbon dioxide (CO 2) laser that was designed for soft tissue surgery. Methods: Eighteen extracted human teeth were sectioned longitudinally, cleaned, and varnished, leaving nine exposed windows on each: six on the coronal surface (enamel) and three on the root surface (cementum, dentin). The CO 2 irradiation conditions used were: wave length 10.6 μm; 1.2–2.6 J/cm 2 fluence per pulse; repetition rate 120–1000 Hz; 100–200 ms pulse duration; and cumulative fluences ranging from 14 to 2200 J/cm 2. Each window was irradiated with a 0.3 mm beam diameter at one of nine power settings for 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 s. The pulp chamber temperature was measured with a microthermocouple. The irradiated teeth were evaluated by Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results: The pulp chamber temperature rise ranged from 0.5 to 19° C depending on the location of the window and distance to pulp chamber. SEM revealed crystal fusion in both enamel and dentin at all cumulative fluences. At cumulative fluences of 40 J/cm 2, 200 pulses/second and higher, measurable tissue loss was observed with PLM both in dentin and enamel. Conclusions: These results indicate there are threshold conditions above which pulsed CO 2 laser light used for soft tissue surgery may cause detrimental changes to underlying oral hard tissue and to the pulp.

In-vitro pulp chamber temperature rise during composite resin polymerization with various light-curing sources

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure the pulp chamber temperature increase induced during composite resin polymerization with various visible light-curing units. Methods: A Class II cavity was prepared in an extracted molar tooth, leaving a dentin layer 1 mm thick between pulp chamber and proximal cavity wall. A 2 mm composite resin layer was applied to the proximal box and light-cured with the selected curing units: Heliolux II (H; 320 mW/cm 2), QHL 75 (Q; 505 mW/cm 2), Astralis 5 (A; 515 mW/cm 2), Optilux 500 (O; 670 mW/cm 2), Elipar Highlight (EH; 730 mW/cm 2), ADT 1000 PAC (P; 1196 mW/cm 2). Light-curing took place for 40 s (H, A, Q, O, EH), 5 and 10 s (P). Measurement of pulp chamber temperature changes (starting temperature: 37.0±0.1°C) during polymerization was performed with a K-type thermocouple positioned at the pulp–dentin junction. Mean values were calculated from 10 measurements with each light-curing unit. ANOVA and Dunnett t-test were used for statistical analyses. Results: Maximum temperature changes varied significantly depending on the light-curing unit used: 2.9±0.3°C (H), 4.7±0.5°C (A), 5.4±0.3°C (P, 5 s), 5.6±0.4°C (Q), 6.1±0.2°C (EH, 2-step mode: 100 mW/cm 2 over 10 s, 730 mW/cm 2 over 30 s), 6.9±0.4°C (EH), 7.3±0.3°C (O), 7.8±0.9°C (P, 10 s). Significance: It is concluded that light-polymerization with curing units characterized by high energy output (A,EH,O,P,Q) causes significantly higher pulp chamber temperature changes as compared to the conventional curing light (H). Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the potential thermal hazard to the pulp which might result from visible-light curing of composite resins.

The effect of glass ionomer liners in lowering pulp temperatures during composite placement, in vitro

New restorative systems allow for more esthetic restorations, but may cause adverse pulp tissue reactions due to either physical or chemical effects. This study evaluated the effect of glass ionomer liners in limiting temperature rise during composite placement with visible light-cure lamps. Neither chemical or light-cured glass ionomer liners limited the amount of pulp chamber temperature rise. Exposure time of the lightcure lamps played the greatest role in pulpal temperature rise regardless of glass ionomer liner or composite. Visible lightcure lamps varied in the amount of heat emitted.

Temperature rise in pulp chamber during fabrication of temporary self-curing resin crowns

Temperature rise in pulp chamber during fabrication of temporary self-curing resin crowns