Abstract
Abstract Aim Using a thermal camera, the aim of the study was to determine pulp chamber temperature changes during orthodontic bonding produced as a result of variations in curing light sources, different curing distances and bracket types. Methods One hundred sixty maxillary premolar teeth were sectioned into two halves and embedded into acrylic moulds. Four curing light sources were used which further divided the overall sample into Halogen, light emitting diode (LED), powered LED, and high-power LED groups. Additional subgroups were created according to the applied curing distances (5 mm, 10 mm) and different bracket types (metallic or ceramic). A standardised bonding procedure was performed and pulp chamber temperature changes were evaluated using a thermal camera. Statistical analysis was performed using a three-way ANOVA. Results The Halogen light curing group revealed a significantly higher temperature rise in the pulp chamber compared to the other groups. A shorter curing distance produced increases in pulpal temperature. There was no significant effect as a result of the bracket type. Conclusions None of the curing light sources exceeded the critical value for pulp chamber temperature rise. The primary desirable outcome was the lowest temperature increase noted with the high-power LED unit. The secondary outcome related to the different brackets revealed no difference relative to pulp chamber temperature change. From a clinical perspective, high-power LED units could be safely used.
Highlights
Recent advances in the development of light-cured adhesives have provided significant advantages during orthodontic fixed appliance application
The specific aims of the present study were to use a thermal camera to investigate the temperature changes in the pulp chamber under different conditions involving the use of different light sources, different curing distances, and bracket types
The highest temperature rise was found in the Halogen group (1.15 ± 0.52°C), followed by powered light-emitting diode (LED) (0.65 ± 0.30°C), LED (0.46 ± 0.39°C), and high-power LED (0.31 ± 0.12°C)
Summary
Recent advances in the development of light-cured adhesives have provided significant advantages during orthodontic fixed appliance application. Alternatives such as light-emitting diode (LED), argon laser, high intensity, low intensity, and plasma arc light-curing units and conventional quartz-tungsten-halogen lights (QTH) have become popular. Their clinical popularity is a result of the easier removal of excess adhesive around the brackets, more accurate bracket positioning and a reduced irradiation time.[1] LEDs have a higher source longevity compared with conventional halogen units. Powerful LED light-curing units have allowed a further reduction in curing time along with better polymerisation of adhesives.[2] Previously, Eliades[3] briefly indicated the importance of the continual improvements in orthodontic materials and techniques and projected that the use of plasma arc and LED units will be widespread
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