Design Of Public Spaces Research Articles

The Optimization Model of Public Space Design Teaching Reform Based on Fractional Differential Equations

Abstract This article proposes an approximate high-dimensional optimization method based on a multi-layer public space design reduction strategy. At the same time, we combined the analysis of fractional differential equations to decompose the design space and improve the matrix condition number. Finally, the article proposes a new point cloud curve matching method for public space design. The experimental simulation found that the mixed-use of fractional differential equations and shape space calculations to generate models have good results.

Quality Assessment of Public Spaces: The Case of Beyazit Square and Its Surroundings

Public spaces are one of the main areas of urban life. They can be accessed and used by all individuals and groups in a city, and therefore lay the foundation for a common social life to thrive. The social, economic, cultural, and spatial diversity of a city develops in parallel to the diversity of its public spaces. The existence of an individual within the context of a city and the meaning of the city in an individual's mind are in direct relationship with the activities that take place in its urban spaces. This relationship becomes as strong as the capacity of urban spaces in supporting social life and collective events in both social and physical aspects. Today, the conception of physical urban space is unfortunately rather detached from the societal composition and the social construct of the city as it became a critical commodity in our market economy which leads to the creation of chunks of urban elements without any qualities and in-depth meaning for its users and can often easily become unsafe and unhealthy. The study aims to create a method for the increasingly commodified public spaces to become an element that improves the quality of life of the communities. For this purpose, PCA and CATPCA statistical methods were applied, and subsequently, a parameter set was formed. As a result, a data set that can be used in public space design has been obtained, and new parameters have been created through the method used in the formation of this data set.

City Symphony

City Symphony

Informal Street Vending: A Systematic Review

Within the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in investigating the dynamics of informal street vending, motivated by the need to address economic, social, and political inequalities. We take stock of this literature, bringing together the various streams of research in which informal street vending is integral to how cities work, particularly in the context of what is considered as the global South. The review of the related literature in this paper is structured into eight key themes, including (1) gender, (2) typology/types, (3) spatiality of street vending and public space design, (4) health and well-being, (5) individual/collective agency, (6) policy environment, (7) use of technology, and (8) links to other forms of informality. The paper concludes by outlining certain research themes that are in the process of development, identifying some understudied areas, reflecting on existing gaps, and pointing to future research directions to enable further engagement with those aspects of informal street vending research that have remained underexplored.

Fear in disguise: defensive architecture and façade permeability in shaping the urban experience of Belfast’s public spaces

This article investigates architectural responses to everyday sociospatial practices in public spaces in the postconflict urban landscape of Belfast, where public buildings and façades impact pedestrian flows and movement patterns in the public space. While the city has an extended history of vibrant public spaces and active urban life throughout the first half of the twentieth century, devastating memories of the so-called Troubles leave imprints of division across the city’s public spaces. Inscribed by memories of conflict and violence, ground floor façades are mainly solid, disengaging, and do not encourage fluid movement across their thresholds. This article argues that the architectural design of public buildings and spaces characterise attributes of a reciprocal reproduction of memories of fear. A comparative analysis of the architecture of four different public spaces in Belfast city centre highlights factors that inform the relationship between the building façades, ease of accessibility, and use of the public space.

Konsep Desain Lapangan Puputan Klungkung sebagai Taman Rekreasi

The design concept of Lapangan Puputan Klungkung as a recreational park. Public space is an inseparable part of a city. Lapangan Puputan Klungkung is one of the public spaces in the city center of Klungkung Regency that provides sports and recreation facilities for the community. The government plans to organize this public space as a community recreation facility to improve the quality of public recreation spaces. This research aims to produce a representative concept design of public recreation space for local communities. It used the survey method and the data were collected through field observations, interviews, and literature study, and then the collected data were analyzed descriptive qualitatively which refers to the complete design process. The results indicate that the location of this site is very strategic, easy to access, and connected to nearby locations. The design concept used the "Zelfbesturend-landscap" by collaborating history with recreation. It recommends changing the name of Lapangan Puputan Klungkung to Lapangan Puputan Klungkung Ida Dewa Agung Jambe and creating a statue of Ida Dewa Agung Jambe which becomes a focal point or landmark. Lapangan Puputan Klungkung area includes a staging area, a Pancasila stage area, a rare park or children's playground, a yowana park or a sitting area, a lingsir park or a stone path reflection area, a skateboard playing area, a gym area, a photography exhibition area, a food court area, and fountain area with a statue of Ida Dewa Agung Jambe.

Research on the Design of Public Space in Urban Renewal Based on Multicriteria Cluster Decision-Making

Urban design is a critical technical tool for shaping and intervening in urban space, but it is also developing into a critical governance tool for guiding the orderly development of urban renewal, thereby contributing significantly to its effectiveness. This paper examines the design of public space in urban renewal through the lens of multicriteria group decision-making, introduces urban design governance theory, develops a theoretical framework for instrumentalizing urban design governance to respond to various levels of urban renewal, and investigates strategies for assisting urban renewal through the innovation of governance subjects and semiformal governance tools, in addition to the formal path of combining urban design and planning. Simultaneously, a multicriteria decision-making algorithm is proposed that combines theoretical concepts from the fields of computational intelligence and multicriteria decision-making, adopts a normalization fundamental model to standardize the attribution function, selects valid data information function values to combine into an aggregation function, and then establishes a multicriteria approach to deal with heterogeneous information based on the aggregation function. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of coping with and representing the imprecision and uncertainty inherent in the input data.

Indicators as Mediators for Environmental Decision Making: The Case Study of Alessandria

The design of urban public open spaces plays a key role in the development of micro-scale reactions to global phenomena (pandemic, climate change, etc.) that are currently reshaping the human habitat. Their transformability and healthy influence on the urban environment make them strategic nodes for acupunctural regeneration with systemic effects. Several methods, models, and indicators have been developed to face the complexity of these spaces, made up of tangible and intangible layers; however, there is a gap between theoretical investigation and the need for public administrations to devise feasible solutions, strategies, and guidelines. The paper focuses on this mediation, presenting, as a case study, an adopted methodology and the first results achieved according to guidelines for the regeneration of the system of squares in the historical center of Alessandria (Piedmont, Italy). In this case, a multidisciplinary approach and a Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) method, supported by geospatial analysis and GIS technology, have been employed to work as mediators for a participatory process which will involve public administration, stakeholders, experts, and researchers. The paper presents an overview of the workflow, with a focus on the first set of thematic indicators and an open conclusion. It will explain how they have been defined, integrated, and turned into a dialogic tool, with the aim of laying the foundation for the next stage of involvement by the public administration and stakeholders. Specific attention will be paid to the key role of vegetational and environmental parameters, which represents the requalification strategy’s backbone, for both local and systemic scales.

Individual Momentary Experiences of Neighborhood Public Spaces: Results of a Virtual Environment Based Stated Preference Experiment

Although it has become increasingly recognized that the spatial design of public space plays an important role in the perceived quality of the built environment by users, there is still little known about the influences of specific attributes on individuals’ experiences. Therefore, this study aims at (1) identifying the factors underlying momentary experiences in public space given both cognitive (satisfaction) and affective (emotion) responses and (2) understanding the experiences as a function of green and design attributes and analyzing the heterogeneity in preferences. To achieve the research goals, this study innovatively introduced an online video-based stated preference experiment. A national sample of 316 individuals from the Netherlands were invited to complete the experiment. The results of a factor analysis indicate that the momentary experiences of the environments presented can be reduced to a single preference dimension capturing the cognitive as well as affective elements of experiences. The results of a latent class regression analysis furthermore show that there is substantial heterogeneity on how attributes are experienced. Three classes emerge which differ in terms of satisfaction with life and satisfaction with availability of green in the current living environment on dwelling, neighborhood, and city level. Presence of trees, vertical green on façades, and grass surfaces were found to be most important for individuals’ experiences generally. The paper provides a new understanding of how spatial attributes in neighborhood public spaces can influence individuals’ momentary experiences. For cities pursuing both greenification and densification, this study offers quantitative evidence to support the selection of design attributes of neighborhood public spaces which can evoke positive experiences.

Intergenerational Public Space Design and Policy: A Review of the Literature

Significant scholarship has focused on accommodating diverse age groups in urban public environments. However, intergenerational approaches emphasizing engagement between generations represent an emerging area of research and practice. This review synthesizes literature from urban planning and cognate fields on the need for and benefits of intergenerational public space, as well as design and policy interventions. The results advance understanding of how public environments could meet the needs of both youth and older adults while also serving as the context for cross-generational interaction, and offer insights to planners, designers, and policymakers seeking to develop, enhance, or expand intergenerational public space.

Urban Complex Public Space Design Method Based on Support Vector Machine

Urban commercial complex is the product of social and economic development, as well as the inevitable trend of commercial development. The public space design of urban complex project is an important link in its development process, which is the link between the contact and the building, the city and the building, and the external image display of the complex. Therefore, choosing a suitable and excellent public space design scheme is of great significance to show the superiority of the complex project and improve the project satisfaction and the sustainable operation in the later stage. This paper first defines the concept of urban complex public space and focuses on the analysis of the urban complex public space from four aspects of constituent elements, functional classification, design theory, and principle. Then, the Delphi method is used to determine 26 evaluation indicators to evaluate the urban complex public space design scheme, and the relevant index data of 20 urban complex public space design schemes are collected. The grey correlation analysis method is used to analyze the correlation degree between each indicator and the scheme winning bid. The final evaluation system of urban complex public space design scheme is obtained after removing the 8 indicators with low correlation degree. Support vector mechanism was used to build the optimization model of urban complex public space design scheme, and its accuracy was verified, which provides a relatively simple and quantitative method for urban public space design in the future, helps to improve the city’s business structure, improves the business environment of the city, makes the commercial complex more effectively play its own characteristics and advantages, effectively stimulates the vitality of urban space, and creates more perfect architectural space and urban space for people.

CHANGES IN THE UTILIZATION OF PUBLIC SPACE FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES IN THE CITY OF KOLONODALE , INDONESIA

This The purpose of this study is to find out what factors influence changes in the use of public space due to commercial activities, to find out the factors that most influence on changes in the use of public space, and to find out how the government deals with changes in the use of public space. The type of research used in this study is the type of descriptive research with a quantitative approach, with the number of samples or respondents involved as many as 99 respondents through purposive sampling techniques. In addition, in the data collection techniques in this study through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. With the method of data analysis through descriptive analysis of percentages. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the nine factors used as analysis tools in the study have been proven to influence changes in the use of public space, in this case the Kolonodale Coastal Ring Road area due to commercial activities, in which the nine factors are strategic locations or places, the number of people passing, the factor of the existence of a center of social activity for the community, the factor of the availability of adequate supporting facilities, environmental factors, the availability of public transportation, factors of availability of places to move and be safe from crime, factors of government policy, to the factors of public space design. The factor that most influences the changes in the use of public space due to commercial activities is the existence of a center of social activity for the community, this is because social activities are often held in the area, and this area is also a gathering point for people from all regions in the City of Kolonodale, so business people are interested in buying and selling goods and nets in the region. In addition to addressing changes in the use of public space, the local government has made several efforts, including the socialization of the traders about the prohibition of selling on the edge of public roads.

The inability of Turkey and Istanbul in institutionalisation of children's participation in urban planning: A policy analysis study

AbstractChildren's participation in the decision‐making and design of urban public spaces is crucial for achieving inclusive cities. International covenants have recognized the importance of participation as a right. Having adhered to these agreements, Turkey is obliged to enable children's participation in all public matters that concern them, including shaping urban spaces. This paper analyses national and local legislation in Turkey and Istanbul to distil how children's right to participate is legislated and institutionalised. It shows that lack of integrated child‐responsive legislation, accounting for children's individuality, and lack of collaboration between national and local governments are the root of the problem.

Multi-Disciplinary Access in Conceptual Design for Advertising of The Public Space

This master's thesis is a qualitative empirical research for multidisciplinary conceptualization of an urban public space, with emphasis on development processes for affirmation of ecological and social sustainability, and structuring of socio-spatial relations. The research includes an inter-contextual analysis of a comprehensive theoretical context and a specific case study that highlights urban community gardens as potential initiatives for spatial and social reshaping. The findings of the research support a conceptual design of public space that popularly does not result in a tangible product, but can also be activism for rethinking what exists or a continuous process of socio-spatial relations. The research complements the theoretical framework of the design methodology with conceptual analysis of the design as a process of continuous integration of several disciplines.

Designing the urban commons through gender and nature-based approach. A renewed project for public space in times of crisis


 
 
 
 The design of the contemporary public space can include the new needs of society, incorporating the values of the current era. The contribution aims to present the possibility of a transversal approach, in which the ideals of an ecological and fair society are integrated into space and in its design phases.This method is revealed through the use of nature-based solutions and gender-sensitive approach, applied within urban regeneration processes of marginal areas, considered fertile contexts, in which there is an overlap of environmental problems linked to climate change and gender inequalities. The article will display the application of the aforementioned strategies through the presentation of two case studies, in which the project is not subordinated to the production of the form but rather intertwines ethical and aesthetic values in the construction of common space.
 
 
 

Building Resilient Cities: Climate Change and Health Interlinkages in the Planning of Public Spaces.

Greenhouse gases emissions resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels are worsening air quality and affecting the climate system. While climate change impacts on meteorological variables affects air quality by altering the concentration and distribution of pollutants, air pollution significantly influences the climate, leading to negative impacts on human health. Due to the combination of high temperatures, air pollution, and high population density, cities are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The planning and design of public spaces aimed at climate change mitigation and adaptation can result in multiple co-benefits for human health, while reducing social inequalities. To address the major research gaps in the communication between health and planning experts, and the lack of capacity among public sectors and policy makers, it is necessary to promote capacity building and knowledge sharing between the planning and health sectors. The purpose of this article is to develop preliminary recommendations for a process that allows a comprehensive assessment of the interlinkages between climate and health, social, environmental, and economic vulnerabilities, and the quality of the urban spaces, to support local governments, policymakers, and education institutions in making informed decisions for public spaces. The methods applied were a literature review and interviews with experts.

Evaluate Space after Covid-19: Smart City Strategies for Gamification

ABSTRACT Smart cities carry the burden of utilizing technologies to support city life during and beyond the Covid-19 pandemic. More than ever, true smartness needs to address the broader health implications of the shared urban space. Especially highly populated cities tend to suffer more from the consequences of Covid-19 than rural areas. Without a doubt, the pandemic has revealed particular weaknesses of the existing urban environment, in urban space and population demographics, so evident of unprepared city infrastructure systems. The traditional design of public space has created inequalities, and such space design serves the needs of a commercialized urban context and enables public gatherings or private/commercial access. The sudden behavioral shift needed in cities means that smart solutions are also needed for the health and well-being of city populations. This paper examines the impact in the urban environments for London, Manchester, Newcastle, and Liverpool. This paper maps the implications of physical distancing due to Covid-19 using cases studies in three main areas: i) roads, ii) parks, and iii) retail. A matrix of urban, social, and health consequences is suggested, which will shape urban policy. It will focus on terms of access and use of urban space during the pandemic and beyond. The expected outcome of this research is to map some of the metropolitan area to demonstrate restrictions, changes in sharing behavior, and gamification opportunities of urban space. The expected outcomes will provide evidence-based scenarios for gamification technologies (for example, wayfinding, location, and character-based) of the challenged urban space in roads, parks, and retail to support change in future policy. The paper will discuss the implications of behavior change and consider so-called “gamification” practices in the urban space, using examples of social distancing, movement tracing, and techniques that add to a truly smart city. Overall, the aim is to demonstrate the spatial constraints of Covid-19; social distancing as the main challenge and to explore how the design of urban form and smart systems will provide for a healthy and resilient urban environment. This research addresses good urban health and a playful approach to the new way of urban living.

ЕКОНОМІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПОЛІТИКИ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ПРИЧОРНОМОРСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ

The article analyzes the influence of digitalization policy on the development of society, strengthening democracy and the quality future of the Black Sea region. The key direction of the research is the implementation of the innovative Smart-creative model of digitalization policy, the development of social media, the strategy of artificial intelligence and crowdsourcing, the use of the Internet and its enormous potential. The study provides an analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence on the economic growth of the world's leading countries and an analysis of implemented measures that contribute to the development of the digitalization policy of the Black Sea region. The main changes during the implementation of the digitalization policy are indicated. The proposed architecture of the digitalization policy development of the Black Sea region. It has been established that today the Black Sea region, as well as the whole of Ukraine, urgently needs to focus attention on the issue of implementing the Smart-creative innovation policy of digitization and highlighting a new idea regarding the design of public spaces, both digital and physical. It is substantiated that focusing on a well-thought-out algorithm of actions is the most important issue for ensuring comfortable and safe living conditions for the population. It is argued that in recent years the world society is becoming increasingly digital and its powerful digital infrastructure contributes to the spread of social media.It has been established that in the conditions of the accelerated integration of Ukraine into the EU, in the era of digital economic transformations, the following are the relevant issues of the development of the Black Sea region: focusing on issues of digitalization policy development in the economic sector with the creation of a strong democratic society; implementation of innovations in the public and private sectors aimed at building powerful digital spaces and networks; improving the state of interaction between science, economy, state and business; focusing attention on achievements and achievements of science; introduction of social media within the framework of modernization of the economy; actualization of new challenges and tasks for the development of digitalization; new development of digital practices of digitization and crowdsourcing; development of artificial intelligence and Smart-industry strategies. It is proven that the emergence of digital technologies and social media significantly changed the language of communication and modernity, stimulating the development of innovative Smart-creative platforms that improved the accessibility of elements of the digital economy for public perception. Currently, the development of society through digitalization of the economic space, which provides promising opportunities for creating and strengthening well-being for the future, is extremely important for the Black Sea region. That is why it is so important that a powerful digital system is created in the Black Sea region, which should implement Smart-creative innovative practices of digitalization of the economy and highlight new ideas regarding the design of public spaces, both digital and physical.It is necessary to focus on a well-thought-out algorithm of actions, the most important of which is the issue of ensuring comfortable and safe living conditions for the population.

Архитектурная смена: на пути к соучаствующему проектированию с подростками городской среды

The article presents the results of participatory design activities within the architectural programme “Territory of Development”, hosted by the All-Russian Children’s Centre “Smena”. 130 teenagers from different Russian cities participated in the 14-day programme to develop their territory analysis and spatial thinking skills, their understanding of the structure of their city and sense of involvement in its development. In two online focus groups, adolescents asked their peers who participated in the architectural programme and their counsellors about the results of the programme, adolescents’ attitude towards the city and any changes thereof after the programme, the project itself, adolescents’ places in the city and their opportunities to participate in the life of the city, including through design work. In parallel, a questionnaire was launched through a Google form. The architectural programme demonstrated the potential for introducing adolescents to the life of the city through the design of public spaces and small architectural forms. As a result of the programme, adolescents did not only make career choices, acquired skills in territorial analysis and spatial thinking, but also conceptualised their own participation in the life of the city. Other ways to include adolescents into the life of the city are city workshops, festivals and architectural expeditions. Urban development laboratories can also promote the ideas of participatory design, including that with children and adolescents as participants. It is crucial to include adolescents into the life of the city because it helps shape them as active individuals, instil a sense of ownership of their city’s development, incentivise the youth to stay in their city and introduce new ideas for urban development.

Sustainable Mobility and Resilient Urban Spaces in the United Kingdom. Practices and Proposals

The development of integrated and multi-scalar regeneration strategies focused on public space and involving innovated mobility, environmental and historic networks is a key issue of international references and an actual challenge of pandemic and social distancing measures. The innovation of urban planning and design toward multi-scalar and integrated methodological and operational references is the topic of a research and didactic path carried out at Sapienza University, focused on the regeneration of infrastructure and public space networks. In this framework, United Kingdom represents an interesting field of study for the conditions that have recently led to an efficient cooperation model among local authorities, aimed at achieving sustainable common goals. A shared territorial governance that promotes the integrated management of soil, water and biological resources from an eco-systemic perspective. A collaborative planning approach based on a responsible, inclusive and sustainable strategy for the construction and networking of new resilient urban spaces, green infrastructures and new forms of sustainable mobility. The networking of green spaces, waterfronts and cycle paths represent a resilient response to cities’ regeneration for the contribution provided by ecosystem services in increasing health and well-being and a greater adaptability to climate change. The paper aims to illustrate the main methodological and operational references, case studies and results of the research and didactic path focused on multiscalarity and integration of planning and projects through the design of public space along blue and green networks in the United Kingdom. Key concepts that link together the phases of contextualization of the national planning background, the analysis of ongoing regeneration practices on waterfronts and the experimentation related to a regeneration proposal for King’s Lynn, in Norfolk County (England). Research and practices that integrate green, blue and grey infrastructures addressing the UN Agenda 2030 and the National Planning Policy Framework of England.