Public Service Perspective Research Articles

KELURAHAN SILALAS SEBAGAI INNOVATION HUB: STRATEGI KOMPETITIF PEMERINTAH KOTA MEDAN MELALUI PERANGKAT KEWILAYAHANNYA (SILALAS SUBDISTRICT AS INNOVATION HUB: THE COMPETITIVE STRATEGY OF CITY GOVERNMENT OF MEDAN THROUGH ITS TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATIONS)

Penanganan problematika pelayanan publik di perkotaan berawal dari kelurahan/desa sebagai entitas wilayah administrasi pemerintahan terdepan. Kelurahan Silalas merupakan salah satu kelurahan di Kecamatan Medan Barat Kota Medan yang menjadi pintu utama bagi warga masyarakat kelurahan agar memeroleh pelayanan secara prima, ultima, dan optima di wilayahnya. Dalam upaya membangun iklim kondusif dengan daya saing tinggi, diperlukan terobosan dan inovasi. Strategi apakah yang dilakukan Pemerintah Kota Medan, Camat Medan Barat, Lurah Silalas, dan Perangkat Kelurahan Silalas? Studi ini merupakan penelitian evaluatif dengan metode kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa keberadaan kelurahan sangat strategis dalam perspektif pelayanan publik. Akselerasi pencapaian kesejahteraan masyarakat di kelurahan sangat ditentukan oleh keberadaan dan kemampuan mengelola modal kewilayahan (territorial capital) dan modal sumberdaya manusia aparatur kelurahan (human capital) serta interaksi sosial beserta jejaringnya (social capital) melalui kerjasama dan kolaborasi dalam simpul inovasi (innovation-hub). Diharapkan kehadiran innovation-hubakan membuka akses pelayanan, menyatukan persepsi publik terhadap pentingnya inovasi untuk kesejahteraan, dan menstimulasi partisipasi masyarakat dalam setiap kegiatan pembangunan/pemberdayaan. Selain itu, dapat meningkatkan akseptabilitas publik atas keberhasilan pembangunan yang diinisiasi dan dilakukan dalam kebersamaan antara walikota, camat, lurah, perangkat kelurahan, dan warga masyarakatnya. Studi ini merekomendasikan agar Kelurahan Silalas dapat dijadikan teladan/panutan bahkan role modelbagi kelurahan lainnya di Kota Medan.
 Kata Kunci:Simpul Inovasi, Evaluasi, Kelurahan Silalas, Strategi Kompetitif, dan Kota Medan.

Economic impact of screening for X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy within a newborn blood spot screening programme

BackgroundA decision tree model was built to estimate the economic impact of introducing screening for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) into an existing tandem mass spectrometry based newborn screening programme. The model was based upon the UK National Health Service (NHS) Newborn Blood Spot Screening Programme and a public service perspective was used with a lifetime horizon. The model structure and parameterisation were based upon literature reviews and expert clinical judgment. Outcomes included health, social care and education costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs). The model assessed screening of boys only and evaluated the impact of improved outcomes from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with cerebral childhood X-ALD (CCALD). Threshold analyses were used to examine the potential impact of utility decrements for non-CCALD patients identified by screening.ResultsIt is estimated that screening 780,000 newborns annually will identify 18 (95%CI 12, 27) boys with X-ALD, of whom 10 (95% CI 6, 15) will develop CCALD. It is estimated that screening may detect 7 (95% CI 3, 12) children with other peroxisomal disorders who may also have arisen symptomatically. If results for girls are returned an additional 17 (95% CI 12, 25) cases of X-ALD will be identified. The programme is estimated to cost an additional £402,000 (95% CI £399–407,000) with savings in lifetime health, social care and education costs leading to an overall discounted cost saving of £3.04 (95% CI £5.69, £1.19) million per year. Patients with CCALD are estimated to gain 8.5 discounted QALYs each giving an overall programme benefit of 82 (95% CI 43, 139) QALYs.ConclusionIncluding screening of boys for X-ALD into an existing tandem mass spectrometry based newborn screening programme is projected to reduce lifetime costs and improve outcomes for those with CCALD. The potential disbenefit to those identified with non-CCALD conditions would need to be substantial in order to outweigh the benefit to those with CCALD. Further evidence is required on the potential QALY impact of early diagnosis both for non-CCALD X-ALD and other peroxisomal disorders. The favourable economic results are driven by estimated reductions in the social care and education costs.

Official bilingualism meets de facto multilingualism: public service interpreting for the Chinese in Catalonia

Abstract Catalonia is well known for being a bilingual region with language policies that give full support to promoting Catalan. More recently, the number of languages spoken in Catalonia has risen significantly due to immigration flows, while immigration policies encourage all citizens living in Catalonia to be able to communicate in Catalan with the public Administration. The same immigration policies, however, also acknowledge that interpreting (or intercultural mediation) may be necessary to facilitate immigrants’ rights to access public services during the first few years they are living in Catalonia. This article analyses the relationship between a minoritized language (Catalan), a dominant language (Spanish) and a group of recently arrived languages (Standard Chinese and other Chinese varieties) from the perspective of public service interpreting. It discusses some of the results of an empirical qualitative research which included: (a) interviews with public service interpreters and intercultural mediators working with Chinese living in Catalonia, (b) interviews with managers and coordinators in charge of interpreting or mediation services, and (c) questionnaires answered by Chinese users of public services in Catalonia. This research depicts a complex reality: it not only reflects interpreters’ and managers’ biases towards Spanish or Catalan, often motivated by their place of origin or life experience, but also the challenges when dealing with linguistic variation, i.e. the variety of languages (geolects and mutually unintelligible dialects) included under the umbrella term of Chinese.

Generational Differences in the Importance, Availability, and Influence of Work Values: A Public Service Perspective

AbstractThis study uses a sample of 832 Canadian public servants to test a theoretically derived framework which hypothesizes that generational cohort: (1) predicts the importance public servants place on intrinsic and extrinsic work values, (2) predicts the perceived availability of such rewards in public service workplaces, and (3) impacts the relationship between perceived availability of important rewards, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Our study adds to the limited body of research on generational cohort and work values in the public service. Generational cohort had little impact on the importance of work values, but did predict perceived availability of work‐rewards and the relationship between perceived availability of important rewards, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Findings could help public service organizations' recruitment and retention efforts. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

大数据背景下医疗信息共享平台构建研究

首先，本文基于相关研究，分析国内外“互联网+数据”背景下医疗信息共享平台发展的现状，归纳医疗信息共享平台的构成因素，从而构建出能够充分发挥医疗信息效益的生态系统共享平台模型。其次，基于公共服务视角，运用生态系统论的方法，构建以政府为主导、医疗机构为主体、科研机构为先导和个人积极参与的医疗信息生态系统共享平台。最终，根据医疗信息在生态系统共享平台中流转的位置，将共享平台模型分为数据原始层，数据生成层，数据加工处理层，数据效益层，由此构建出我国医疗信息生态系统共享平台的模型，对于提高医疗服务过程具有重要意义。 First of all, based on the related research, this paper analyzes the status quo of the development of medical information sharing platform under the background of “internet plus data” at home and abroad, summarizes the components of the medical information sharing platform, and builds an ecosystem sharing platform model that can give full play to the benefits of medical information. Secondly, based on the perspective of public service, we use the method of ecosystem theory to build a shared platform for medical information ecosystem that is led by the government. The main body is medical institutions, and the scientific research institutions are the leaders and individuals. Finally, according to the position of medical information flowing in the ecosystem sharing platform, the sharing platform model is divided into data primitive layer, data generation layer, data processing layer and data benefit layer, so as to construct the sharing platform of medical in-formation ecosystem in our country model, which has great significance for improving medical service process.

The impossibility of a universal public service perspective

The international accrediting organization for public service pedagogy, the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration, has established and adopted “universal competencies” that Master of Public Administration degree programs are expected to develop to establish a “global standard in public service education” ( http://www.naspaa.org/ ). This lofty goal suggests that there is one best way to prepare public administration students to: (a) lead and manage in public governance; (b) participate in and contribute to the policy process; (c) analyze, synthesize, think critically, solve problems, and make decisions; (d) articulate and apply a public service perspective; and (e) communicate and interact productively with a diverse and changing workforce and citizenry. While the universality of these competencies is not disputed, there are definitely competing ways to approach these various tasks. There are many different theories of leadership and management. Differing roles for public administrators in the policy process are each considered legitimate. Based on these differences, what can be articulated and successfully applied as a public service perspective will also differ situationally, particularly when considering the dynamic and diverse global context. This article explores this challenge and the implications it represents for instructors seeking to socialize students into the profession of public service and build their capacity “to articulate and apply a public service perspective” in consideration of “a diverse and changing workforce and citizenry.” Successful pedagogical approaches to this conundrum are explored and the article concludes with discussion of the potential usefulness of this approach in the global context, given the diversity of public service contexts in which graduates may find themselves.

The Cost-Effectiveness Of Screening For Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) In The UK NHS Newborn Bloodspot Screening Programme

To assess the cost-effectiveness of including screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in the NHS newborn bloodspot screening programme. A decision tree model with life-table estimates of outcomes was built. Model structure and parameterisation were informed by systematic review and expert clinical judgment. A public service perspective was used and lifetime costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) were discounted at 3.5%. Standard treatment following screening was hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with additional treatment options for adenosine deaminase deficiency SCID. The model estimated the number of non-SCID cases identified incidentally. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses was undertaken. An exploratory disbenefit analysis was conducted for false positives and those diagnosed with non-SCID T-cell lymphopenia (TCL) who would have presented as healthy at birth. Screening for SCID was estimated to result in 310 (72-811) presumptive positive cases per year including 260 (25-760) false positives cases, 7 (1-21) preterm cases, 26 (9-50) non-SCID TCL cases and 17 (14-22) SCID cases. Screening would increase overall QALYs and costs and result in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £17,642. The increase in QALYs was driven by improved survival in the screened cohort with mortality reducing from 8 (5.3-12) deaths to 1.7 (0.6-4.1). Results were sensitive to a number of parameters including the cost of the screening test, the incidence of SCID and quality of life estimates. The disbenefit analysis estimated that to push the cost-effectiveness over the £20,000 threshold the 6.5 (1.5-16) healthy at birth cases would need to experience a disbenefit of 2 QALYs and the false positive cases a disbenefit of over 12 quality adjusted days. Screening for SCID is potentially cost-effective at £20,000 per QALY, key uncertainties relate to the impact of false positives and the identification of children with non-SCID TCL.

IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE QUALITY THROUGH REGIONAL BLOSSOMING POLICY (A Study at Ciater Sub-district Resulted from Regional Blossoming of Jalancagak Sub-district Subang Regency West Java)

A requirement of adjacency between government and those who are governed is important if the government aim to provide a proper service. It reflects in one of the policy of Subang Regency Government called regional blossoming (pemekaran wilayah) that refers to the splitting up of their sub-districts (kecamatan) into multiple new territorial administrative units. The research is aimed at gaining a deep analysis on the policy through public service perspective and assisted by qualitative approach in the matter of data collection such as unstructured interview and documentation. The findings reveals the quality improvement of public service is an impact of regional blossoming in a certain local government. Furthermore, the regional blossoming policy also shows the more desirable presence of government amidst the public and also it is able to restrict a span of control and leadership of Camat as the determinant of adjacency embodiment between government and those who are governed and to embody a proper implementation of public service at once. Keywords: public service, district partition, the closeness of the government and the governee, leadership

A public service-dominant logic for the executive education of public managers

Building on the concept of Public Service-Dominant Logic (PSDL), this article aims to apply the public service-dominant logic to executive education. We argue that fit-for-purpose and effective executive master programs for public managers (EMPA) need to be designed from a public service perspective. Framing executive education as a service enables the enhancement of the effectiveness of public action as a result of inter-organizational capacity and the co-production of learning outcomes. This article is an invitation to teach what we write, to practise what we teach and to teach through practice, which is what a public manager attending an executive program would expect in terms of public service experience. PSDL was applied to the flagship program at SDA Bocconi School of Management for public sector managers in order to produce the first concrete contribution and to illustrate how switching from a product-logic to a service-logic can have a positive effect on executive education, its structure and curricula. By retrospectively applying PSDL in order to investigate any concrete outcome on revising executive education programs, we show that it is possible to generate a concrete impact in terms of participant satisfaction and the perceived long-term added value of the learning experience by focusing on the education outcome, meeting and anticipating the participants’ needs and expectations, and considering the participants as active stakeholders at the heart of the delivery process.

The Essence and Structure of Masters’ of Public Administration Core Competencies in the USA

Abstract The article deals with revealing the essence and structure of Masters’ of Public Administration professional training in the USA. It has been concluded that Public Administration studies the realization of government policies and trains future public administrators for professional activity; is guided by political science and administrative law; aims to improve the justice, equality, security and efficiency of public services. It has been indicated that the MPA degree is dedicated for those willing to work in public sector. It has been found out that MPA programs are designed to develop the abilities, skills and methods specialists use to realize policies, programs and projects as well as to resolve crucial issues within their organization and/or in society. It has been stated that in the United States of America Master of Public Administration (MPA) and Master of Business Administration programs (MBA) are quite similar, however, have certain differences. It has been defined that the MPA program focuses on different ethical and sociological criteria secondary for business administrators. Simultaneously MPA programs encompass economy courses to supply students with knowledge of microeconomic and macroeconomic issues. It has been specified that MPA programs are built on a range of core competencies defined by the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration (NASPAA). The list of the core competencies (to lead and manage in public governance; to participate in and contribute to the public policy progress; to analyze, synthesize, think critically, solve problems and make decisions; to articulate and apply a public service perspective; to communicate and interact productively with a diverse and changing workforce and citizenry) and their detailed characteristics have been presented. It has been identified that cultural competency of future public administrators has become an essential constituent of public affairs curricula. It has been concluded that the above-mentioned positive aspects of the experience may be used to improve future public administrators’ professional training in Ukraine.

Instilling Public Service Values and Professionalism through Information Literacy

In order for public affairs and administration education programs to successfully prepare future public administrators, the link between public service values (PSVs), professionalism in the public sector, and information literacy (IL) needs to be acknowledged and elevated. Through the development of a Communications for Public Administrators course focused on IL with a public service perspective, the Master of Public Administration (MPA) program at West Chester University (WCU) is attempting to do just that. This article considers separately the role of PSVs, professionalism, and IL in the study and practice of public administration and discusses the rationale for linking the three concepts in public affairs and administration education programs. Recommendations for the institutionalization of the PSVs-professionalism-IL nexus are also considered. The article then describes a specific WCU MPA course used to explore the efficacy of integrating PSVs, professionalism, and IL into a graduate public affairs curriculum. The benefits of this approach and its applicability to other public administration, public policy, and public affairs graduate programs are discussed.

The Diamond Model of Open Access Publishing: Why Policy Makers, Scholars, Universities, Libraries, Labour Unions and the Publishing World Need to Take Non-Commercial, Non-Profit Open Access Serious

This reflection introduces a new term to the debate on open access publishing: diamond open access (DOA) publishing. The debate on open access is a debate about the future of academia. We discuss the problems of for-profit academic publishing, such as monopoly prices and access inequalities and point at the limits of contemporary perspectives on open access as they are frequently advanced by the publishing industry, policy makers and labour unions. The article introduces a public service and commons perspective that stresses the importance of fostering and publicly supporting what we term the model of diamond open access. It is a non-profit academic publishing model that makes academic knowledge a common good, reclaims the common character of the academic system and entails the possibility for fostering job security by creating public service publishing jobs. Existing concepts such as “gold open access” have serious conceptual limits that can be overcome by introducing the new term of diamond open access. The debate on open access lacks visions and requires social innovations. This article is a policy intervention and reflection on current issues related to open access (OA) publishing. It reflects on the following questions: * What should the role of open access be in the future of academic publishing and academia? * How should the future of academic publishing and academia look like? * Which reforms of academic policy making are needed in relation to open access publishing? We want to trigger a new level of the open access debate. We invite further reflections on these questions by academics, policy makers, publishers, publishing workers, labour unions, open access publishing associations, editors and librarians.Twitter: #DiamondOA

The Diamond Model of Open Access Publishing: Why Policy Makers, Scholars, Universities, Libraries, Labour Unions and the Publishing World Need to Take Non-Commercial, Non-Profit Open Access Serious

This reflection introduces a new term to the debate on open access publishing: diamond open access (DOA) publishing. The debate on open access is a debate about the future of academia. We discuss the problems of for-profit academic publishing, such as monopoly prices and access inequalities and point at the limits of contemporary perspectives on open access as they are frequently advanced by the publishing industry, policy makers and labour unions. The article introduces a public service and commons perspective that stresses the importance of fostering and publicly supporting what we term the model of diamond open access. It is a non-profit academic publishing model that makes academic knowledge a common good, reclaims the common character of the academic system and entails the possibility for fostering job security by creating public service publishing jobs. Existing concepts such as “gold open access” have serious conceptual limits that can be overcome by introducing the new term of diamond open access. The debate on open access lacks visions and requires social innovations. This article is a policy intervention and reflection on current issues related to open access (OA) publishing. It reflects on the following questions: * What should the role of open access be in the future of academic publishing and academia? * How should the future of academic publishing and academia look like? * Which reforms of academic policy making are needed in relation to open access publishing? We want to trigger a new level of the open access debate. We invite further reflections on these questions by academics, policy makers, publishers, publishing workers, labour unions, open access publishing associations, editors and librarians.Twitter: #DiamondOA

Finding ‘public purpose’ in ‘subtitled oddities’: Framing BBC Four’s Danish imports as public service broadcasting

Abstract This article looks at the success of Danish drama imports on BBC Four from the specific perspective of public service broadcasting’s definition in the globalized era. It argues that the presentation of the service offered by BBC Four to the national audience has come to be significantly inflected by its importation strategy in such a way that openly co-opts, rather than resists or obscures, cross-border flows. While the BBC faces budgetary cuts and a statutory obligation to avoid bidding wars for imported content, their Danish equivalent Danmarks Radio (DR) offers a source of affordable and consistent drama. The article looks first at the institutional and economic characteristics of DR to show how these imports are formed with both the international market and public service intentions as central concerns. It then demonstrates, by drawing on interviews with BBC acquisitions personnel and press coverage, how these imports have been framed in such a way that ensures their integration with the explicit ‘public purpose’ of BBC Four’s remit.

Political transitions: Opportunities to renegotiate the public service bargain

AbstractAdopting a public service perspective of transitions in Westminster systems and connecting literature on transitions with public service bargains (PSBs), this research note proposes that transitions not only increase existing tensions between politicians and the public service, but also provide opportunities to forge new PSBs to defuse these tensions. It argues that public service institutions should move beyond individually negotiated transition responses towards corporately driven PSB negotiations across the political–public service interface on a rolling basis in order to promote the cause of democratic governance. It also invites others to take up this perspective and develop research to probe these ideas further.

Cost-effectiveness of introducing the conjugated pneumococcal vaccine to routine free immunizations for infants in Lazio, Italy

To examine the health outcomes and costs of a hypothetical pneumococcal vaccination campaign among the general infant population in the Lazio region (Italy). We developed a model simulating direct medical costs and health outcomes of vaccinating infants with conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV-7) compared to the costs (in and outpatient) of treating the disease, from a public health service perspective. According to vaccine trials' outcomes, we considered vaccine effectiveness in preventing part of the invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumonia of any aetiology, and acute otitis moedia. Age-specific incidence, mortality and health care costs came from local surveillance and surveys; the vaccine costs euro40/dose. Annual budgetary impact and macro-health benefits were predicted for 2005-2014. Cost-effectiveness was expressed as net healthcare costs per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) gained. After 10 years, five cases of meningitis, 20 IPD, 933 pneumonia, 406 pneumonia-related hospitalisations, and 3160 otitis cases would be averted annually by vaccinating. The annual cost of vaccination would be euro4.9m, and annual costs averted would be euro1.4m. Additional healthcare costs of a mass vaccination would decrease over time from euro5.1m to euro3.5m per year. At baseline, net cost per averted DALY was euro18.0k, if health benefits are not discounted, and euro51.7k adopting a 3.5% discount rate; it was 12% lower with a hypothesis of high IPD incidence and 68% lower if the vaccine cost 50% less. The cost of the vaccine makes the campaign more expensive than today's recommended infant vaccinations. Nevertheless, the cost-effectiveness of introducing PCV-7 in Lazio compares favourably with previous estimates in similar countries.

Television and public service in the United States: writing the history of a problem

This essay analyses one of the most contentious topics in U.S. television studies: the conceptualization of public service in broadcasting. It gives a historical perspective of public service in broadcasting in the US and the political and ideological implications in the broadcasting of the programs and films.

Information uncommon: public computing in the life of reference

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to provide a perspective on the role of public computing in the daily operations of reference services at an academic library.Design/methodology/approachAn overview of approaches to managing and supporting public computing workstations in academic libraries, in general, is provided. Specific aspects of operations at the University of Nebraska at Omaha Library are presented.FindingsChallenges and opportunities associated with reference's role in providing support for technology are identified.Practical implicationsOther academic libraries may find this helpful as they consider the management and support required when providing public computing workstations to patrons.Originality/valueThis paper provides a public service perspective on managing technology in an academic library. Specifically, an alternative approach to other management models is highlighted using the University of Nebraska at Omaha Library as an example.

Book Review: Human Resource Management: The Public Service Perspective

Book Review: Human Resource Management: The Public Service Perspective

Online Sheet Music Projects and Metadata from a Public Service Perspective

ABSTRACT As historic sheet music collections enter the public domain, they are becoming increasingly popular as content for digital library projects. This newfound plethora of sheet music citations and images online has generated many patron inquiries. Patrons often cannot, or do not, distinguish sources that are found in the online catalog from those found through a Google search. To them the results are all “on the web.” It is oftentimes the Reference Librarian's job to redirect the patron to the correct citation or even another library. Since library staff members answering reference queries about sheet music may or may not be the same ones involved in creating the online sheet music collections, knowledge of how these online collections are structured and metadata applied can be helpful in addressing reference queries. This article gives an overview of how issues related to patron discovery of and access to both the collections and their contents are directly related to the quantity and quality of the metadata found with the collections.