Public Service Expenditures Research Articles

Economic growth target, distortion of public expenditure and business cycle in China

In this study, we provide empirical evidence on the incentive role of official promotion from the perspective of managing economic growth targets. Using a manual dataset of economic growth targets in 230 Chinese cities during 2003–2016, we find that economic growth targets of governments curb public service expenditure on education, science and technology and this distortion results in the stagnation of human capital and technological progress, constraining long-term economic growth. When the growth target size of cities exceeds that of higher-level governments or if governments overfulfill their growth target tasks, then public service expenditure will decrease. We interpret the empirical findings as evidence that promotion evaluation based on economic performance distorts the composition of public expenditure, hinders sustainable economic development, and even accelerates the start of an economic downturn. Our study adds significant evidence to the theoretical literature emphasizing that the official evaluation system and public service could affect business cycle.

Social investment effects of public education, health care, and welfare service expenditures on economic growth

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to theoretically and empirically examine whether public spending in education, health care, and welfare service operates as a fruitful investment in welfare states, which has been implied in the literature of social investment arguments. Based on comprehensive review of existing literature, this study suggested a tripartite mechanism of social investment effect of such spending, that is “enhancement of human capital,” “support for labor force participation,” and “job creation.” To find the empirical evidence, a pooled time‐series cross‐section analysis was conducted with the data of 15 advanced welfare states from 1980 to 2015 using estimation technique of fixed‐effect model. The results confirmed that public spending in education, health care, and welfare service had a positive medium‐term as well as long‐term effect on economic performance, while cash‐type welfare spending had an obscure or no visible effect on economy. Government consumption that is a proxy and control variable of size of the welfare state showed a positive effect on real GDP in the medium term but a negative effect in the long run. In conclusion, this study suggests that reinforcing social services should be recognized and dealt with as essence of social investment strategy.

The influence of land finance and public service supply on peri-urbanization: Evidence from the counties in China

At present, there are many studies on the influencing factors of peri-urbanization, but there are few studies from the perspective of land finance and public services. In order to further analyze this problem, this paper explores the influence mechanism of the land finance and public service supply on peri-urbanization. Taking an empirical test based on data of China's 2006 counties in 2009–2015, it shows that land finance significantly stimulates peri-urbanization. The efficiency of public service supply obviously slows down the speed of peri-urbanization, while the household registration difference of public service supply and economic bias of public service supply increase peri-urbanization. Besides, land finance can effectively weaken peri-urbanization by promoting the efficiency of public service supply, and aggravate peri-urbanization by increasing household registration difference and economic bias of public service supply. The results of this paper have certain policy reference value for adjusting peri-urbanization process. We must pay attention to the rational adjustment of land revenue and the structural adjustment of public service expenditure.

A Systematic Review of Case-Identification Algorithms Based on Italian Healthcare Administrative Databases for Three Relevant Diseases of the Cardiovascular System: Acute Myocardial Infarction, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Stroke.

acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) and stroke are serious cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which may lead to hospitalizations, require periodical medical monitoring and life-long drugs use, thus having a high impact on public health and Healthcare Service expenditure. In this contest, Italian Healthcare Administrative Databases (HADs), which routinely collect patientlevel information on healthcare services reimbursed by the National Healthcare service, are increasingly used for identification of these CVDs. to identify and describe all AMI, IHDs and stroke case-identification algorithms by means of Italian HADs, through the review of papers published in the past 10 years. this study is part of a project that systematically reviewed case-identification algorithms for 18 acute and chronic conditions by means of HADs in Italy. PubMed was searched for original articles, published between 2007 and 2017, in Italian or English. The search string consisted of a combination of free text and MeSH terms with a common part that focused on HADs and a disease-specific part. All identified papers were screened by two independent reviewers. Pertinent papers were classified according to the objective for which the algorithm had been used, and only articles that used algorithms for primary objectives (I disease occurrence; II population/cohort selection; III outcome identification) were considered for algorithm extraction. The HADs used (hospital discharge records, drug prescriptions, etc.), ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, ATC classification of drugs, follow-back periods, and age ranges applied by the algorithms have been reported. Further information on specific objective(s), accuracy measures, sensitivity analyses and the contribution of each HAD, have also been recorded. the search strategy has led to the identification of 611 papers for AMI,801 for IHDs and 791 for stroke. Among these,45,12 and 31 papers for AMI, IHDs and stroke respectively, were considered pertinent for inclusion in the systematic review. The majority of the works was published during 2014-2017. The setting of the studies was mainly regional for AMI and stroke, while the majority of IHD's papers was based on a national multicenter context. By screening full texts, a total of 17,5 and 28 original algorithms for AMI, IHDs and stroke respectively, intended for the above-mentioned objectives, were found. Moreover, 3 original algorithms for STEMI, 3 for NSTEMI, 8 for ischemic stroke and 3 for hemorrhagic stroke were identified. The hospital discharge diagnosis database (HDD) was used in all algorithms. In only a few cases the co-payment exemption registry, drug prescription database, and mortality registry database were used as additional algorithm components. For the same event, there was always a difference of >=1 code. External validation was performed in only one case for AMI and stroke identification. a remarkable heterogeneity, in terms of both data sources and codes used, was observed for algorithms aimed to identify AMI, IHDs and stroke in HADs. This was likely due to the paucity of validation studies. Administrative data sources other than HDD remain underutilized.

Understanding Higher Education Institutions’ Publicness: Do Public Universities Produce More Public Outcomes than Private Universities?

AbstractHigher education institutions produce a broad array of public outcomes. However, little is known about the varying levels of their contribution to the public good and what explains the variation among institutions. This study uses the theory of organisational publicness and examines how these institutions’ ownership status and resource publicness explain their outcome publicness, focusing on the expenditure for teaching, research and public service activities. The analysis of four‐year public and private universities in the 2012 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System shows that universities’ reliance on federal funding is positively associated with the percentages of the expenditure on all three activities and their reliance on state funding is positively associated with the percentages of teaching and public service expenses. The findings reveal that the proportion of tuition and fees revenue is negatively associated with the percentage of public service expenditure. The results suggest that declining state funding and increasing reliance on tuition and fees weaken these institutions’ public service function, especially in the area of community engagement.

Effects of fiscal stress labels on municipal government finances, housing prices, and the quality of public services: Evidence from Ohio

This paper analyzes the Ohio fiscal stress labeling system, which labels municipal governments that are in financial trouble and requires them to implement financial recovery plans. These recovery plans are undertaken by the municipality or by the state depending on the type of label. I examine the effect of these fiscal stress labels on municipal government financial behavior, crime, and housing prices from 1999–2012. Using difference-in-differences, I find that municipalities with fiscal stress labels reduce total expenditures per capita by nearly 25 percent. Although municipalities make reductions to both per capita capital and operating expenditures, the largest percentage reductions occur in per capita capital expenditures. There are heterogeneous responses by the type of municipality and type of governance structure in place, especially in the reductions made to operating expenditures. Cities and municipalities with council-manager governance structures much more heavily focus on reductions in spending for specific public services (e.g., safety services, roads), while villages and municipalities with mayor-council governance structures primarily reduce general operating expenditures and increase local tax revenue. These labels have minimal impacts on crime rates and police employment. While I find no statistically significant effect of label receipt on housing prices, I do find that residential home sale prices fall following fiscal stress label removal. Thus, the reductions in public service expenditures may have long-lasting ramifications on the quality of public services offered by these municipalities.

PENGARUH KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH TERHADAP BELANJA MODAL UNTUK PELAYANAN PUBLIK (Studi pada kabupaten dan kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara)

The main objective of regional autonomy is to improve public services and promote the local economy in Indonesia. Capital expenditures for public services is used to finance expenditure in investing activities (add assets) aimed at improving public infrastructure that results can be used directly by the public. Developed regions tend to maintain the structure of expenditure into maintenance expenditure. The shift in spending patterns in the local government often triggered concerns about the extent to which the amount of local revenue affects the pattern of local government spending, especially capital expenditure for public services. This study purposes to analyze growth of revenue (PAD), the ​​fiscal decentralization, financial effectiveness and efficiency of the Local Government Financial Management to the capital expenditure for public services. The method used is quantitative method with a sampling technique using judgment sampling which took samples with consideration of the availability of data in the Local Government Financial Statements Reports in the Province of North Sulawesi by 10 districts/cities of Local Government in North Sulawesi since 2010 to 2015. The analytical method used is a multiple regression using SPSS 20 application assistance. The results show that PAD growth is effect as positive and significant capital expenditures for public services, fiscal decentralization is negative effect and not significant toward capital expenditures for public services, effectiveness and efficiency of local financial is effect as positive but not significant toward capital expenditures for public services..

Análisis de la eficiencia técnica en los hospitales del Sistema Nacional de Salud español

ObjectiveTo analyse the technical efficiency and productivity of general hospitals in the Spanish National Health Service (NHS) (2010–2012) and identify explanatory hospital and regional variables. Methods230 NHS hospitals were analysed by data envelopment analysis for overall, technical and scale efficiency, and Malmquist index. The robustness of the analysis is contrasted with alternative input-output models. A fixed effects multilevel cross-sectional linear model was used to analyse the explanatory efficiency variables. ResultsThe average rate of overall technical efficiency (OTE) was 0.736 in 2012; there was considerable variability by region. Malmquist index (2010–2012) is 1.013. A 23% variability in OTE is attributable to the region in question. Statistically significant exogenous variables (residents per 100 physicians, aging index, average annual income per household, essential public service expenditure and public health expenditure per capita) explain 42% of the OTE variability between hospitals and 64% between regions. The number of residents showed a statistically significant relationship. As regards regions, there is a statistically significant direct linear association between OTE and annual income per capita and essential public service expenditure, and an indirect association with the aging index and annual public health expenditure per capita. DiscussionThe significant room for improvement in the efficiency of hospitals is conditioned by region-specific characteristics, specifically aging, wealth and the public expenditure policies of each one.

Doing more with less: productivity or starvation? The Intellectual Asset Health Check

The recent wave of savings in public service expenditure comes at the risk of creating starved workplaces, depleted of intellectual assets. This paper examines the perils of starved workplaces and how to avoid them. Organizations that nurture their intellectual assets were found to outperform their peers with 13.3% higher productivity. These organizations created a ‘win–win situation’, achieving both productivity targets while sustaining high stocks of emotional and human capital.

제주특별자치도 민간위탁 및 공기관 대행사업 예산 운영현황 분석과 조례정비 방안

제주특별자치도 민간위탁 및 공기관 대행사업 예산 운영현황 분석과 조례정비 방안

The difference in under-expenditure of the social welfare budget in Korea

This research investigates the relationship between under-expenditure of the social welfare budget within a limited budget and the determinants that have an effect on them. Relationships and determinants between under-expenditure of the social welfare budget have generally received relatively little attention from academics. The aim of this article is to examine the differences in the under-expenditures of the social welfare budget in the Korea between 1965 and 2008. It is shown that public assistance and social service expenditures are not comparable with national insurance expenditure according to the Box-Jenkins’ multi-variant ARIMA models. The appearance of them being commensurate is spurious because it is affected by political economic factors. The research findings in this paper can contribute to the development of budgetary theory and budgetary politics. However some findings within in the ARIMA models were incapable of being interpreted within existing theories and conjecture such as those with a 9 year time lag, etc. Further studies are therefore required.

Infrastructure Development, Residential Growth and Impacts on Public Service Expenditure

This paper documents the use of geographic information science based planning support systems to evaluate the effects of infrastructure development on residential growth and resulting public service expenditure. The case example presented here investigates the impacts associated with a large water infrastructure development project. The effect of infrastructure on residential development is evaluated by comparing growth trends within areas of different levels of water supply and sewerage services. The effect of changing residential development patterns on public services expenditure is evaluated with a spatially explicit model linking urban form with revenues, expenditures and fiscally efficient areas of service provision for a delivery-based public service, police. Results confirm that the development of water infrastructure leads to residential growth and also indicate this growth in some locations leads to fiscally efficient provision of a public service. A primary recommendation from this research is that, in anticipation of growth, water planning should be comprehensive rather than single issue focused. Planning support systems are indicated to be useful tools supporting policy refinement for land-use and water planning.

Failing entrepreneurial governance: From economic crisis to fiscal crisis in the city of Dongguan, China

This paper analyzes the recent fiscal crisis among villages in the city of Dongguan. The city has been an exemplar of export-oriented growth in China. Rapid economic development has been attributed to local state entrepreneurial governance based on a close relationship between the local state and enterprises. However, this development approach has led to a severe fiscal crisis, especially at the village level, due to declining rental incomes, ineffective village governance and a heavy burden of public service expenditure following the global financial crisis. This paper examines the configuration of local governance and how an economic crisis has evolved into a public finance crisis in the city. Until now the limits of entrepreneurial governance have been understood only with regard to negative social impacts. This paper reveals the limits of a developmental approach.

Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Daerah Terhadap Belanja Modal Untuk Pelayanan Publik Dalam Perspektif Teori Keagenan

Fiscal capacity in the financial performance of the show , can be used as a tool to measure the success of carrying out local autonomy . The progress of the region one of which can be reviewed with good economic growth . The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence on the influence of financial performance of the capital expenditure for public services at District / Municipal Se - Sumatra . Tests were conducted at 151 County / City of Se - Sumatra through quantitative analysis with simple regression . financial performance is measured by the ratio of the area of financial independence , financial effectiveness and efficiency ratios finances . While capital expenditures for public services is measured by the amount of capital for public service in the budget . The results showed that the financial performance of the positive effect on capital expenditures for public services at District / Municipal Se - Sumatra . Therefore, local governments should prioritize the financial performance of local governments to rise local capital expenditures.

Spatial spillover and the factors influencing public service supply in Sichuan province, China

This article examines the spatial characteristics of public service supply and the factors influencing such supply in cities of Sichuan Province, China using spatial-autocorrelation and spatial econometric models with statistical data in 2012. The results demonstrate that expenditures on different types of public services present different spatial autocorrelation patterns. Although the spatial differences in basic public service expenditures are relatively small, a clear fan-shaped spillover to the east can be seen in Chengdu City. Chengdu also shows high clustering of advanced public service expenditures, being a typical core-periphery pattern. Post-earthquake reconstruction expenditures are clustered in the "5.12 Wenchuan earthquake" region and spill over toward cities to the east. The efficiency of public services in the mountainous areas in western Sichuan is low and exhibits a pattern of low-low spatial autocorrelation. The efficiency of public service supply is affected by economic, social, political and geographical factors. Based on the results of this analysis, we recommend a supply strategy that incorporates different types of public services and a specialized public service supply strategy for mountainous areas. Overall public service efficiency should be enhanced by focusing on narrowing the gap in farmers' income among regions and accelerating urbanization. Decision-makers should consider moresupportive policies with regard to providing basic public services in mountainous areas to ensure an equalized supply of basic public services. To enhance the efficiency of advanced public service supply, additional growth pole should be encouraged and incentivized; however, investments are required to drive the development of the peripheral regions through regional economic integration. Both software and hardware types of infrastructure are required to supply services efficiently during post-disaster reconstruction.

Promoting sustainable local economic development for all areas: Looking forward or looking back?

A review and analysis of recent attempts to promote local economic development and improve public services that considers the potential role of the ‘growth coalitions’ and ‘smart local government’ project in progressing and creating synergy between these two agendas. A critique of the current growth agenda, as represented by Local Economic Partnerships and the Single Local Growth Fund and whether it connects with the potential growth opportunities that can be realised out of local public service expenditure. A consideration of whether Community Budgets, as the current approach to improving local public services, represent a new managerialism rather than a new ‘transformation’ agenda to better meet the needs and address the well-being of local people. Suggestions are made about how to capture the inherent value, and realise transformational change in the provision of local public service services along the lines of the decade-old ‘growth coalitions’ and ‘smart local government’ project. Also, about adding value by creating synergy between local public service expenditure and the work of Local Economic Partnerships and the Single Local Growth Fund, for the benefit of local citizens and growth.

Integrating quality improvement into pre-registration education

Healthcare organisations around the world are adopting new strategies to improve the quality of patient care in response to reports of negative patient outcomes and cuts to public service expenditure. However, many nurses lack the knowledge, skills and attitude to improve the systems within which they work, calling for a radical redesign of nursing education to integrate quality improvement science. This article describes the integration of quality improvement education within undergraduate nursing education programmes in Wales through collaboration between higher education institutions, NHS Wales and the UK Institute for Healthcare Improvement Open School.

Differentials in the regional operational program expenditure for public services and infrastructure in the coastal cities of Sardinia (Italy) analyzed in the ruling context of the Regional Landscape Plan

The planning activity of the Regional Administration of Sardinia (Italy) has undergone a deep change after the approval of the Regional Landscape Plan (RLP), which establishes the directions for nearly any future planning activity in Sardinia, and requires that actual sectoral and local plans, as well as plans for protected areas, be changed to comply with its directions. This mandatory adjustment process can be conflictual, if the administrations responsible for these plans disagree with the rules established by the RLP. With regards to Sardinian coastal cities, this paper analyzes the investment policies for public services and infrastructure implemented by the Sardinian Region through the 2000–2006 Regional Operational Program (2000–2006 ROP-ERDF), in order to assess whether the RLP exerts a negative impact.

Structural changes of public expenditures in China

This article describes structural developments of public expenditures in China in the past 30 years and demonstrates an increasing public's need for services in areas of education, health care, social security, and housing. Starting with a theory explaining the need to adjust the spending structure, the article specifies a proper proportion of public service expenditures in total governmental spending and discusses a possible path to this spending structure.

What future lies ahead for the Irish welfare state?

Beginning by outlining the pre-recession aspirations for an active Irish social policy, the article then examines the recent political economy of social policy and the cumulative impact of the National Asset Management Agency, the Report of the Special Group on Public Service Numbers and Expenditure Programmes (McCarthy, 2009), the Commission on Taxation (Government of Ireland, 2009) and Budget 2010 on unemployment, social expenditure, poverty and inequality. Assuming a Developmental Welfare State is still the aspiration of Irish social policy, it explores three different models of activation; flexicurity, mutual obligations and active inclusion for all. Arguing for a flexicurity model strengthened by incorporating principles from Active Inclusion for All (EAPN, 2008) that promote a less punitive approach to activation; the article ends by considering how to gender the life cycle approach and concludes strong political leadership is required to move in this direction.