Public Security Institutions Research Articles

A study on the mediating-moderate effect of the types of illicit drugs on mental health in China.

In China, over 5 million people have been identified and registered by the public security institutions for using illicit drugs. The aim of this study is to compare the influence of different types of illicit drugs on the self-reported mental health of Chinese people. In particular, we want to assess the damage of Heroin, Methamphetamine and Ketamine to mental health in a social environment where drug use is strictly regulated. The study is based on survey with 6,906 people who use drugs in Guangdong province, China. Risk of mental health issue is measured using the Brief Symptoms Inventory 18 (BSI-18) Scale, and a higher BSI-18 score indicates more severe mental health problems. The data was analyzed through multilevel regression analysis, propensity score matching analysis and mediation analysis. The three major types of illicit drugs have both moderating and mediating effects on the length of drug-use history, that Heroin use leads to longer drug-use duration, while Ketamine use causes more damage on mental health per unit time of drug-use duration. Average duration of Methamphetamine use is 0.7 year shorter than average duration of Heroin use, and average duration of Ketamine use is 1.7 year shorter than average duration of Heroin use. For each year of increase of drug-use duration, Ketamine use leads to 1.2 times more of BSI score increase than Heroin use, and 2.3 times more of BSI score increase than Methamphetamine use. These three drugs are associated with severe mental health issue in a society with strict drug regulation. Attention should be paid to the mental health of people regardless of the type of drugs they use.

SOME ASPECTS OF ENSURING INTERNAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILIZATIONS

The article examines some aspects of ensuring Russia's internal security at the present stage of the development of civilizations. The purpose of the study is to identify the impact of internal threats, including terrorist ones, on the national security of the country. This is necessary for a fundamental revision of state policy, scientific apparatus and clarification of the fundamental conceptual documents on ensuring security from internal threats. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, the authors conclude that at present, the increase in threats emanating from individual countries and affecting the security of the Russian Federation is not decreasing but continues to increase. Means of economic, political, diplomatic, and informational pressure are actively used against Russia to exacerbate the inter-civilizational conflict, delegitimize it within the international community and destabilize the political situation inside the country, which can lead to the loss of identity and cultural and historical heritage. The social contradictions that arise in society lead to the emergence of protest activity of citizens, which must be controlled by state and public security institutions. The emphasis is placed on the need for timely changes in the legal framework governing anti-terrorist activities. Based on the results of the analysis, problems of organizational and legal regulation have been identified that require the elimination of negative factors at the state level. Proposals are being made to improve anti-terrorist activities in Russia and the need for a set of measures to ensure its legal support, as well as the use of existing potential.

Perception of safety and cooperativeness among police officers serving in public areas, and identification of public security problems in Fejér County

Aim: As part of Árpád Budavári’s doctoral research entitled “Chances of police reform and community-based” policing, the authors conducted a survey in 2020–2021 among the police officers serving in the public areas of the Fejér County Police Headquarters, to investigate the policemen’s understanding of security, their cooperativeness, and to identify of public security problems in Fejér county. Methodology: The hypothesis of the survey is that the police show signs of cooperative problem solving with communities in society, and it is also possible to identify intervention needs that can improve the problem sensitivity and cooperative competences of the police. The results of the survey on a sample 310 policemen were compared with the results of a survey on a sample of 500 citizens in Székesfehérvár conducted in 2016, which was used to assess the extent to which the understanding of security and the perception of security actors are the same and the extent to which they differ between the two target groups. Findings: The results of the survey clearly show the recognition of the importance of cooperation with the public and the demand for cooperation. It is observed, however, that this is hindered by several factors. It can also be concluded that members of police do not currently recognise the importance and effectiveness of public security institutions other than the police. Further research is needed to reveal the reasons behind this phenomenon. Value: By comparing the opinions of the police with those of the public, and by revealing the willingness of police officers to cooperate, the research results will contribute to the diagnosis of the state of the police and to the identification of the needs for change.

Sustainable open innovation for ammunition waste management: Proposal for implementation in brazilian public security institutions

The study describes how looking at collaborative processes with a sustainable bias can effectively contribute, through sustainable open innovation, to opportunities for solving challenges of the same context. Therefore, we present a study proposal to improve the public security arena (reverse logistics of ammunition expended in training), aiming at recycling the generated waste. The research strategy was case study analysis, which is appropriate for investigating real-life events. It was necessary to understand which factors contribute to qualifying the requirements for reverse logistics and sustainable innovation in public security institutions. The specific objective is to link the maturity level of the public security institutions to its goals in reverse logistics, to give greater view to implement it. As a result, we were able to increase the current status of knowledge regarding the sustainable disposal of expended ammunition cases and get a better understanding of the economic gains by selling the brass scraps waste (expended ammunition) as a large expected benefit, collaborating to reduce the customer’s costs by enhancing their reverse logistics processes. Also, considering the solutions to complex problems through collaboration, knowledge of purposes, and organizational maturity, point out the relationship between sustainability and innovation.

Public Order and Security Institutions Competences Which Determine the Working Action Framework of Their Officials. The Case of Hellenic Coast Guard Personnel

Public Order and Security Institutions Competences Which Determine the Working Action Framework of Their Officials. The Case of Hellenic Coast Guard Personnel

The Militarization of Public Security in Mexico: A Subnational Analysis from a State (Local) Police Perspective

Mexico’s public security has suffered a militarization process for at least two decades. Although there is consensus on this trend at the national level in the specialized literature, little research has been conducted on its subnational impact. To amend this gap, this article inquires the way in which militarization has permeated the structure and operation of subnational security forces beyond the local autocratic dynamics that reinforce militarization. Specifically, this article focuses on police reconfiguration regarding interaction with military in the six most violent states in Mexico: Jalisco, Nuevo León, Guanajuato, Sonora, Sinaloa, and Zacatecas. The qualitative analysis presented is based on 15 interviews and 18 focus groups with police offices and public security officials of these states. We argue that military presence on the streets and the arrival of the military-to-executive positions in public security institutions contributed to the adoption of military operating modes by the state police during Felipe Calderón (Dec. 2006–Nov. 2012) and Enrique Peña Nieto’s presidential terms (Dec. 2012–Nov. 2018). Additionally, this article aims to explain how the military has permeated the state’s public security institutions at different levels and dynamics (management, training, and operation) that promote the adoption of formal or informal military features that enable state police institutions to behave alike and resemble the army in their everyday activities. From a theoretical and methodological perspective, this article calls for the construction of a research agenda that focuses on the local and subnational processes of the militarization of public security.

The Practical Dimension of the Response of Public Security Institutions to Contemporary Terrorist Attacks

The research results presented in this publication aim to identify the basic task areas that are critical in the response of public security institutions to contemporary terrorist attacks. Corresponding to the objective of the research process is the research question - what are the key task areas of public security institutions that will be critical in responding to contemporary terrorist acts? The author assumed in the research hypothesis the existence of such key task areas, initially assigning them to organisational, communication, educational and logistical activities. The research described in the text was based on scientific methods in the form of document analysis, case studies and participant observation. The research results obtained became the basis for developing key task areas that should be taken into account in the preparation of solutions for institutional response to contemporary terrorist acts. The results of the research also concern several universal features of contemporary terrorist attacks, which take into account the diversity of methods and tools used in carrying them out.

Determination of the frequency of influenza-A and B antigens in swab samples in differentiating the diagnosis of influenza infection from other causes of upper respiratory tract infection

Aim: The present study aimed to determine the frequency of influenza-A and B antigens in swab samples and to examine their potential changes at the time of initial diagnosis in differentiating the diagnosis of influenza infection from other causes of upper respiratory tract infection by physical examination and vital clinical signs in the emergency room.Material and Method: This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive research analyzed 113 patients with Influenza-A (n:8) and B (n:15) over the age of 18 who applied to the emergency department in the last three years, were diagnosed with acute upper respiratory tract and underwent nasopharyngeal swab sampling were included in the study. The data of the patients were accessed digitally from the University hospital database.Results: The headache score was higher, while there was no difference between vital clinical signs and those with positive or negative swab tests (p>0.05). White blood cells in blood count parameters were lower in the Influenza test-positive group (p<0.0001), platelet distribution width (p=0.006), and monocyte counts (p=0.008) were significantly higher in Influenza positive patients than negative ones. The influenza swab test was not positive in any patient with tonsillar crypt (p>0.05).Conclusion: Influenza infections should be examined in detail in terms of costs to both public health and social security institutions, considering the burdens of diagnosis and treatment.

Public safety intelligence activity: Advice in the fight against criminal organizations

The present work, as a research involving the intelligence activity in Public Security, the present work aimed, through a historical rescue, which dates back to the emergence of a criminal organization in the state of Pará - Brazil, to verify how the intelligence activity it is capable of advising the decision-making process of public security institutions, in order to generate a balance of forces favorable to the latter, in the fight against crime. It started from the hypothesis that the intelligence agencies would show themselves capable of gathering privileged information, according to legality and efficiency criteria, able to subsidize the decision-making process. Using an inductive method and a qualitative documentary analysis, it was identified that, in addition to subsidizing managers with appropriate knowledge, the agencies were responsible for the frustration of measures of direct confrontation with the State, preventing damage to public coffers, as well as unjust attacks on civil and military civil servants and the Pará society itself.

State capture, hybrid regimes, and security sector reform

In this introduction into the special issue on state capture and security sector governance, we argue that state capture is a relevant concept that helps us understand the current autocratisation and the rise of hybrid regimes. We argue that the extraction of public resources via party patronage, privatization of public administration, judiciary, security institutions, and media are vital for influencing political competition. In the second part of the article, we argue that the concept of state capture brings added value to the understanding of security governance and transformations. We show why the parts or whole of security and justice institutions are the inevitable targets of state capture and what it means to understand the success of security sector reform (SSR). Finally, we examine a range of possible positions of the security sector within the captors and what it means for both the literature on state capture and civil-military relations.

Análisis sobre la corrección de datos personales en la Plataforma México

En ocasiones, el Estado vulnera la vida privada y la intimidad de las personas frente a la acumulación excesiva de datos personales de sus instituciones de seguridad pública; este es el caso de un ciudadano cuyos datos personales estaban registrados en una base de datos denominada Plataforma México y eso le causaba una afectación en su vida personal y profesional al impedirle el acceso a un empleo. El ciudadano pidió al Secretariado Ejecutivo del Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Pública el retiro de sus datos personales de esa base de datos, su solicitud fue negada. La persona ejerció su derecho y recurrió al entonces Instituto Federal de Acceso a la Información Pública, expediente: RPD 0507/14. Algunas de las principales aportaciones del texto son: los datos personales pueden ser vulnerados si la autoridad no tiene el suficiente cuidado; la acumulación de información a través del uso de la tecnología puede conllevar el riesgo de violaciones a la privacidad si no existe un adecuado manejo; se requiere proteger los derechos de las personas, sean de privacidad y/o de acceso a la información, y al mismo tiempo permitir que su uso guarde proporcionalidad respecto del interés público de hacer pública la información.

REDES INTERORGANIZACIONAIS DE APRENDIZAGEM PARA A SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever a importância das redes de aprendizagem na segurança pública, validada pelos resultados do Colegiado de Segurança Pública de Santa Catarina (CSSPPO_SC). Esse modelo inovador substitui a figura do secretário pela formação colegiada que integra os dirigentes das quatro instituições de segurança pública no estado (PM, PC, CBM e IGP) formalizando uma rede de aprendizagem com foco na integração e na melhoria dos índices de segurança pública. São apresentados os resultados da pesquisa teórica, por meio de revisão bibliográfica e documental, e da pesquisa de campo, por meio de observação, questionário e entrevistas com os membros do colegiado. Os resultados apontam que a rede interorganizacional de aprendizagem formada pelo CSSPPO_SC tem gerado resultados mais efetivos para as ações de segurança pública e, consequentemente, para a sociedade catarinense.

Síndrome de Burnout en policías latinoamericanos: revisión

Policemen comprise a professional group that tends to develop stress. The Burnout Syndrome may develop as a consequence of chronic work stress, giving rise to both physical and psychological alterations and increasing the risk of suffering certain diseases. On the other hand, it deteriorates the professional performance of police officers. Between the years 2000 and 2010, 89 studies were conducted relating to this syndrome within Latin-American countries, in which health care professionals and school teachers were the main focus groups; only 8 of said studies evaluated public security professionals. The results showed that the highest levels of Burnout Syndrome were found among Mexican traffic officers, with a 59.4% prevalence among all the participant officers. Given the increase in violence and the rate of crimes in Latin America, it is essential to analyze how working conditions impact the health of those who make up public security institutions, as determining factors in policies and strategies to reduce insecurity. 

Intimate Partner Violence Dynamics and Help Seeking Among Mexican Women: Results From a 2016 National Household Survey.

Using the recent 2016 National Survey on Household Dynamics (N = 98,768 heterosexual Mexican women currently married, cohabiting, separated, divorced, or dating with a noncohabiting partner), this study has three objectives: first, to assess the prevalence of different intimate partner violence (IPV) dynamics, including situational couple's violence (SCV), intimate terrorism (IT), and violent resistance (VR); second, to empirically operationalize VR; and, third, to study women's help-seeking behaviors in public institutions, whether these are associated with violent dynamics and the type of responses offered by public institutions. Descriptive and multivariate logistic analyses show that, in the year prior to the survey, 5.8% of women experienced SCV, 1.2% IT and 0.6% VR. SCV is the most prevalent, but separated and divorced women are involved in IT and VR to a greater extent. Only 8.3% of females involved in IPV sought formal help from public institutions. Help seeking from public institutions is contingent upon violent dynamics and sociodemographic characteristics. Law enforcement and public security institutions fail to accept all IPV complaints and investigate them (especially in the case of VR), perhaps because women who seek help do not meet the social representation of battered women. The need to educate civil servants and service providers on the different dynamics of IPV, and recommendations for guaranteeing women greater access to public institutions that might be instrumental in putting an end to the violence are discussed in the Mexican context.

Evaluating deep models for absenteeism prediction of public security agents

Absenteeism is a complex phenomenon characterized by the physical absence of the individual, usually at his workplace. Such absences generally lead to innumerable personal, social, and economic losses, particularly in public security institutions, where incidence is higher than the one verified in other occupational categories. Identifying preponderant absenteeism factors and allowing preventive actions to be carried out effectively may be beneficial to these institutions and their agents. Such knowledge could be acquired hypothetically by exploiting large human resources data sets. In this paper, we investigate the potential of machine learning classifiers to identify security workers prone to long-term absenteeism. Such predictors shall make decisions based on the professional history of each agent, which is extracted from databases of public security institutions. In our study, we performed experiments on a database comprised of 6 years of professional data from workers of the Military Police of Alagoas, Brazil. We evaluated deep models, including variations of Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and compared with baseline Support-Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers. We show results revealing that the best architectures achieve up to 78% of accuracy. Also, experiments indicated that the use of data accumulated over several years improves the accuracy of the prediction of absenteeism. Finally, we conclude that such results encourage the usage of deep learning techniques to predict absenteeism and support the implementation of effective prevention measures in these institutions.

CRISIS DE SEGURIDAD NACIONAL origen y consecuencias en los sexenios de Felipe Calderon, Enrique Peña Nieto y el inicio de la 4T

Briefly, this essay was based on the lived de-democratizing period of security from the six-year term of Felipe Calderon, Enrique Pena Nieto and ends with the first two years of government of the Fourth Transformation. The rise of drug cartels and the violation of the Mexican State in the face of the number of homicides, feminicides, kidnappings and extortion mainly. The lack of effectiveness represented by local public security institutions was analyzed according to the security variable and how a strategy was formulated to combat insecurity in the country, a reformed strategy being six-year with six-year and with little or no favorable results.

Institutional Support of the Sharing Economy in the Development of Urban Environment

The aim of this study is to develop an institutional support algorithm that ensures the development processes of a sharing economy while creating a comfortable urban environment. The study identified the prerequisites for the development of a sharing economy in Russian practice, in particular, the potential for reducing transaction costs, the rapid development of digital technologies, the increase in dysfunctions of public administration and social security institutions in the Russian economy, the transformation of the needs and motives of generations, which transforms citizens' values, and also motives of their participation in economically unprofitable projects. A systematization of projects of a sharing economy using types of public goods, including transport, education, culture, housing and public utilities, social security, environmental protection, etc., as well as the subject of the relations that underlie this project (joint consumption, production, training financial education) was carried out. Using the example of co-production institutions as well as financial support, an algorithm for the institutional support of the development of a share economy, including such steps as identifying incentives for potential participants, including representatives of government, business, and ordinary citizens to participate in a particular share economy project; definition of norms and rules that will contribute to the involvement of citizens in a project, approbation of the developed norms and rules in a small area, ensuring the functioning of the digital platform through which interaction, design and analysis of the institutions governing the implementation of this project will be carried out, as well as monitoring received results was described. The implementation of the institutional support algorithm for a sharing economy allows for purposeful shaping the development of the urban environment through the use of advanced digital society technologies.

Democratization and Intelligence and Internal Security Agencies: A Comparative Analysis of the Cases of Brazil and Portugal (1974-2014)

The development of intelligence and internal security institutions in Portugal and Brazil were directly influenced by the ways in which both countries transitioned to democracy and by the nature of their political regimes prior to the mid-1970s. This article compares these processes, highlighting how Brazilian and Portuguese intelligence and public security institutions and bodies developed over the course of the 20th century, and in particular following democratization of their political regimes. Our analysis examines the main factors explaining the arrangements adopted, and the obstacles and dilemmas encountered in the institutionalization of these services and of the new democratic regimes. The results suggest that the type of transition to democracy is the main factor explaining differences between the two cases. However, more comparative research is needed to deepen empirical and theoretical understandings and to allow for greater generalization about the relationship between changes in political regimes and reforms of coercive and intelligence institutions.

The night watchman becomes a mercenary

ABSTRACTIn the latest stage in the neoliberal transformation in Israel, privatization has reached into the security sector. The question of causality between Israel's security policies and the interests of its security industry has inspired extensive writing, producing a wide variety of conclusions. An alternative analysis through a ‘capital as power’ framework casts the relations as a shift in direction of the Israeli security elites, who are in a state of crisis. The attempt of Israel's security elites to capitalize on their experience and convert it into material wealth can explain both the privatization underway in Israel, and the frequent conflicts which are initiated by the Israeli government and which generate this experience. This attempt, however, undermines the collectivized production of security typical of a settler society at an early stage. The professionalization of the security elite goes hand in hand with a demilitarization of Israeli society. By adopting privatization as a coping mechanism against the threat posed by the ‘night watchman state’ neoliberal model, Israel's security elites straddle the bridge between public and private security institutions. They become more globalized and increasingly produce security in exchange for money, as mercenaries, instead of as ideological citizen-soldiers.

Propriedades Psicométricas do ISSL no Contexto da Segurança Pública

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) no contexto da Segurança Pública. Para tanto foi aplicado o inventário em 786 profissionais da Segurança Pública de dezoito estados brasileiros e de diversas instituições de segurança pública. Foram analisados a discriminação dos itens do inventário pela teoria de resposta ao item e as dimensões fatoriais pela análise de correspondência múltipla. A partir da análise dos autovalores, do exame do diagrama de sedimentação e da conformidade com a teoria foi observado apenas uma dimensão para o instrumento, ao contrário de dois, como proposto pela literatura. Pela análise dos itens pela TRI, é sugerido a exclusão de 3 itens do instrumento, por não possuírem graus suficientes de discriminação. Ao final, os autores sugerem uma agenda de pesquisa, que busque identificar as propriedades psicométricas do ISSL em outros contextos.