Public Sector Of Pakistan Research Articles

The practices and Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility in Public sector of Pakistan: A CaseofPPL-Pakistan

The current research investigates the practices and understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in public sector of Pakistan. CSR is becoming very familiar in the field of business and is getting much popularity among scholars, academicians, practitioners, and communities. But, through this paper it is identified that practice and understanding of CSR in most of the developing nations including Pakistan is philanthropic and has not fully developed in accordance with international standards. Moreover, most of the companies believe that doing charitable activities is CSR. This, off course is not the CSR as it is being practiced and developed in the West. The discourse of CSR among the developing nations is still at infancy stage and has to develop in accordance with the International standards. Further, with the help of this paper CSR and its overall structure is presented in which some key theories of CSR are also presented. The purpose of presenting this is to make aware the public companies of Pakistan to think beyond the current philanthropic approach of CSR.We believe that by broadening the practice and understanding of CSR can help companies to better develop their image before the various stakeholders. Because, we believe that CSR oriented organizations are more efficient of attracting, motivating and retaining their internal stakeholders e.g. the employees and can have better image before the external stakeholders. Thus, we believe that more empirical research is needed and we encourage the future research be carried particularly in public sector because public sector plays vital role in solving the most of the societal problems. In this paper the extent literature on CSR is presented in which the broader perspective of CSR is discussed.

Critical Factors Influencing the Project Success in Pakistan

The objective of the current study is to analyze the importance of critical success factors with overall project success in the public sector of Pakistan. There are many factors which can influence the project success however the study focusing on soundness of business and workforce (SBW), planning & control (PC), quality performance (QP) and past performance (PP). In this study it’s reflected that major critical success factors can enhance the success of the project in the public sector of Pakistan. Based on the survey data collected the study founds, that there is a significant relationship among other critical success factors with overall project success. Among all the factors the planning and control is considered the highest relationship with overall project success. Furthermore, as perceived by the respondents there is significant evidence in general that the critical success factors in planning commission of Pakistan are below the average level and there is a vast scope to improve further. It is also concluded that the past performance in public sector organizations are lacking and need to improve further. Finally, the adapted model suggested that overall project success significantly relies on planning and control, soundness of business and workforce, and quality performance of the project. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3p815

Use of Result Based Management (RBM) Framework for Monitoring Projects of Public Sector in Pakistan — A Case Study

Use of Result Based Management (RBM) Framework for Monitoring Projects of Public Sector in Pakistan — A Case Study

Tentative Problems in Phasing Out of Organizational Development (OD) Initiatives in Public Sector of Pakistan

The research aims at identifying and highlighting the main facets of a public sector Organizational Development (OD) reform. Project to Improve Financial Reporting & Auditing (PIFRA), a world bank funded government project with multiple stakeholders has been taken as a case to ascertain its critical success factors for change. The critical leadership approaches, problems faced and coped with has been focused with emphasis on leadership. Prime areas covered in this study are resistances faced during change process and their solutions. Another key aspect identified is the stakeholders’ influence on the management and the change process. Leading strategic change across an organization effectively requires proper planning, leadership and management commitment to change. Management commitments to lead the change affix a success tag to the change process. The crux of the study includes the identification of the tentative problems which have been faced during the phasing out and diminishing of the OD interventions.

A Review of Large-Scale Hydropower Project in Public Sector of Pakistan

A Review of Large-Scale Hydropower Project in Public Sector of Pakistan

Performance of Projects in Public Sector of Pakistan: Developing a Framework for Future Challenges.

The Pakistan is facing key challenges and issues in the development of social sector mainly in education, health, energy, security and the environment due to lack of policy framework, lack of governance, lack of technological advancement, unstable strategies, lack of leadership, poor project management, lack of innovation and inefficient utilization of resources. Efforts have been made by the government at different levels to improve the performance of the projects through various public sector development programs but no significant improvement is achieved in performance of projects. A framework is developed for implementation of coherent strategies through projects to facilitate the society for maximizing utilization's of scared resources and to minimizing the poverty, child labour and unemployment in Pakistan. The framework will definitely assist to improve the performance of project and contribute to uplift the strategic development of the country.

The role of procurement practices in effective implementation of infrastructure projects in Pakistan

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a research thesis that investigates the role of procurement practices in effective implementation of infrastructure projects in a developing country, i.e. Pakistan. The research investigated and explored the issues and barriers to effective implementation of different procurement methods, the environment and its suitability for implementing different forms of procurement in context of public sector in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe research was carried out in two stages in the first stage archival analysis was conducted of government documents, reports including reports by international organisations, policy documents and literature. During the second stage case studies were selected based on archival analysis. The unit of analysis is the basis for the case and for this study, it was the procurement of infrastructure projects in public sector in Pakistan and that was the boundary of the research. Eight project case studies were selected from six public sector organizations (organizational case studies). A total of 24 respondents participated from these six organisations.FindingsThe research has identified the different procurement choices and reasons for a particular choice, the issues in procurement choice and the issues in procurement implementation in the public sector organisations in Pakistan. It has also described the impact of procurement practice on successful project outcomes. As a result multiple issues have been identified which affects the choice of procurement such as the need for efficiency and finances, client objectives, timely policy decisions, clarity of clients needs, delays in bidding and response, delays in approvals, proposal and bid evaluation procedures, need for relaxation of rules and project characteristics. The major barriers and constraints to implementation of procurement have been reported to be regulatory and legal, risks and contract management, principles of procurement, political, culture, inter and intra organisational issues, conditions of the country, lack of understanding, land acquisition, project revenue and finance issues. Procurement had a direct impact on successful outcomes of the project, the procurement systems in these organisations had a direct relationship and impact on performance and success of the project.Originality/valueAs a result of this analysis a vivid big picture of road map of the ongoing processes and practice of procurement in public sector in Pakistan has been created which vividly portrays the issues and barriers of the procurement practice in Pakistan.

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) Initiatives in Public Sector of Pakistan

This study examined three cases from the service sector to examine the BPR initiative in the public sector of Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare reengineering efforts in the public sector and to find an answer to the question, ‘How are these initiatives taking place in developing countries. In-depth interviews were conducted with top management of all three organizations, and the planning documents were reviewed for understanding the planning, implementation, purpose, and performance of the BPR initiative. The background of the BPR process with a set of questions was extracted from literature on reengineering, and then the three cases (firms) were discussed with figures of the current and previous systems. Afterwards, information extracted from semi-structured interviews is presented using a qualitative data technique for comparative analysis and discussion. The study reveals that there are successes and failures in BPR projects of the same public sector (reasons of failure and success are discussed); however, it is a positive sign that government and concerned stakeholders are taking initiatives for public sector reform in Pakistan

The impact of Non-Financial Incentives on employees’ motivation

The purpose of this study is to exhibit to what extent non-financial incentives are utilized in the public sector of Pakistan; Agricultural Training Institute (ATI) and whether non-financial incentives have the potential to increase the motivation of public employees as much as the financial incentives. Incentive is any means that makes an employee desire to do better, try harder and expend more energy. Non-financial incentives such as participation in decision making, verbal or written recognition of good work etc. are the kinds of incentives that do not involve direct payment of cash. To realize the objectives of the thesis, a survey study was administered at Agriculture Training Institute. According to the results of the study, most of the employees think that the level of utilization of the non- financial incentives in their organization is inadequate. Also, the findings suggest that they value non-financial incentives as much as financial incentives. Thus, within the limitations of the survey study, it may be concluded that non-financial incentives have the potential to increase the motivation of personnel in this public organization.

Role of Internal Marketing in Employee Engagement Leading to Job Satisfaction of Employees in Private Banks of Pakistan

This study aims to analyze the relationship between internal marketing and job satisfaction with the mediating effect of employee engagement. The data was collected from the Banking sector of Pakistan. The questionnaires were used to collect the data. Convenience sampling was used in this study. The sample size of the study was 400 but we had received only 250. After applying regression and correlation we found that internal marketing have positive relationship with job satisfaction and employee engagement also have positive relationship as mediator. I. Introduction In the present era, services have become key to success in the fiscal progressions of countries worldwide. During the decade of 1980s, many nations had faced abolishment of services specially in banking, insurance, telecommunication, transport and healthcare, which in return ultimately gave rise to a firm competition among various business. At that time many organizations felt the need to diversify and devise different marketing strategies for the satisfaction of customers. Thus in such a varying situation, survival of the fittest was pushed to be the key to sustainability. Internal marketing was first proposed as a solution to the problem of delivering high quality service. According to this concept, the human resource of organization which affects the quality of customer service being delivered. Internal marketing is part of the marketing strategy with the themselves act as internal customers. It is used as a philosophy for managing human resource of the firm by satisfying their necessities so that they work with utmost dedication and devotion and pave way for the companys success. The fifth P in services marketing mix is People who are a vital constituent to any service provision. If organization wants to obtain a form of competitive advantage, it needs to recruit the right staff and train them effectively in their service delivery. Recently more emphasis is lied on providing good services to the employees of the organization than its customers. Employee Engagement is the level of commitment of employee on both emotional and intellectual grounds fulfilling all the requirements of work place making sure mission and vision of the company are met at all times. It can also be defined as owing the company in such a manner that it will benefit both the external and internal leading to success of the company. The concept was derived by Schmidt et al. (1993), describing it as modern version of job satisfaction. They defined it as an employee's involvement with, commitment to, and satisfaction with work. Employee engagement is a part of employee retention. It further integrated the concept of job satisfaction with the organizational commitment (Smith et al., 1969) (Meyer & Allen, 1991). The banking industry is going through drastic revolution worldwide mainly due to the relaxation in economic restrictions, private sector ownerships and growth on worldwide scale. The Pakistani banking industry is part of all this. Banks area pivotal to the fiscal development of present countries. Conventionally, in Pakistan private participation is limited for banks as compared to banks in public sector. During the decade of 1990, circumstances got changed in the banking sector industry. Technological advancements had incredible impact on the operations of commercial banks in the public sector of Pakistan by pioneering the concept of Mobile banking services in order to fulfill the emerging needs and facilitate clients. Like other economical service industries, the banking industry is facing some unique challenges including unpredictable market, innovations, financial volatility, furious rivalry and needs and desires of consumers. Banking is included in service industry thus its distinguishing factors are its customers and how they are being served. Employees dealing directly with customers should be acquainted with the basic know how of handling and satisfying their customers.

PROBLEMS FACED BY THE POULTRY INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN

This research investigates the problems faced by the poultry industry in Pakistan. Data were collected from 1000 respondents by using simple random techniques. A structured questionnaire was developed for the reliability and validity of data. It was revealed that The parent stock layer is increasing at rate of 120% every year, in some years like 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2010 where growth is almost 200%. On the contrary, a consistent growth rate of 135% is seen in case of broiler parent stock. The average growth rate in case of layer day old chick per week is 140% except in 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2010. It was further revealed that Government authority should take the overall responsibility to make effective human resources through co-ordination of various agencies. This agency should monitor the coordinator matter, effective HR planning and coordination is equally significant for the private and public sector in Pakistan. Especially education infrastructure should be updated based on need. In Pakistan, there is lack of poultry training institutions; it should be more than that otherwise unskilled labor will never be able to meet up the future demand of protein through poultry sector.

Methods used to procure infrastructure projects in Pakistan: an overview

In Pakistan, the need for infrastructure is immense while resources and capital are scarce commodities. The government estimates the public exchequer cannot even meet half of the funds required for infrastructure development. This paper investigates the methods used in Pakistan to procure infrastructure projects. This paper is a part of doctoral study of procurement practises of developing countries. Through literature and archival analysis, it discusses the project approval and procurement process in public sector in Pakistan. With the help of in depth case interviews and in light of the literature it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used in Pakistan. The findings reveal that there are two distinct methods of infrastructure project procurement in public sector in Pakistan, i.e., the traditional method and the non-traditional method, i.e., public private partnership (PPP). It is also found that there are constraints in project approval process hence causing problems in implementation. The driving forces for the non-traditional method in comparison to the traditional method are also limited.

Adoptability Issues of GPS in Public Sector in Pakistan

Adoptability Issues of GPS in Public Sector in Pakistan

NGOs and government partnership for health systems strengthening: A qualitative study presenting viewpoints of government, NGOs and donors in Pakistan

BackgroundHealth systems are expected to serve the population needs in an effective, efficient and equitable manner. Therefore, the importance of strengthening of public, private and community health systems has been emphasized time and again. In most of the developing countries, certain weaknesses and gaps in the government health systems have been hampering the achievement of improved health outcomes. Public sector in Pakistan has been deficient in the capacity to deliver equitable and quality health services and thus has been grossly underutilized.MethodsA qualitative study comprising in-depth interviews was conducted capturing the perceptions of the government functionaries, NGO representatives and donor community about the role and position of NGOs in health systems strengthening in Pakistan's context. Analysis of the data was done manually to generate nodes, sub-nodes and themes.ResultsSince many years, international and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have endeavored to fill the gaps in health service delivery, research and advocacy. NGOs have relatively performed better and achieved the results because of the flexible planning and the ability to design population based projects on health education, health promotion, social marketing, community development and advocacy. This paper captures the need and the opportunity of public private partnership in Pakistan and presents a framework for a meaningful engagement of the government and the private and nonprofit NGOs.ConclusionInvolving the NGOs for health system strengthening may eventually contribute to create a healthcare system reflecting an increased efficiency, more equity and good governance in the wake of the Millennium Development Goals. Nevertheless, few questions need to be answered and pre-requisites have to be fulfilled before moving on.

Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of University Teachers in Public Sector of Pakistan

Study Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of teachers’ satisfaction with job dimensions on perceived organizational commitment in public sector universities of Pakistan. In addition, the study aimed at exploring to what extent these teachers are committed to their universities and satisfied with different dimensions to their job. Research Design/Methodology: A survey-based descriptive research design was used. The study was carried on teaching faculty working in two public sector universities of Pakistan. About 650 survey questionnaires were distributed in October, 2009 by employing diverse modes of communication such as email, in person and post. Multiple follow ups yielded 331 statistically usable questionnaires. Stepwise regression analysis and one sample t-tests were used to confirming the research hypotheses. Results: The findings of the study indicated that the satisfaction with work-itself, quality of supervision and pay satisfaction had significant positive influence on university teachers. They had high degree of organizational commitment and satisfaction with work-itself, supervision, salary, coworkers and opportunities for promotion.Research limitations/implications: The focus of the study was teachers working at public sectors universities in Pakistan only. Teachers working at private sector may have varied commitment and job satisfaction levels. The differences between public and private sector teachers regarding organizational commitment and job satisfaction with underlying reasons could be probed. Practical implications: Considering the importance of university teachers’ organizational commitment and their effects on effectiveness of the universities, policy makers and academic administrators should take necessary measures for the optimal provision of intrinsic and extrinsic job rewards to make their core workforce highly satisfied and committed. Originality/value: The relevant literature shows that university teachers’ commitment and job satisfaction is under-researched area particularly in the public sector institutions of higher learning in Pakistan. So, the current investigation has contributed to improve the understanding of practically significant issues. Besides, the study findings are discussed in perspective of practical implications in public sector universities.

Aid and the public sector in Pakistan: Evidence with endogenous aid

Summary Aid has been the principal source of development finance for the majority of developing countries over the past few decades. This has spawned a large literature on the effectiveness of aid, which remains essentially inconclusive. The empirical literature has tended to evaluate the impact of aid by including it as a variable in a regression for the determinants of some economic performance indicator. This paper follows a different strand of the literature and examines the impact of aid on public sector fiscal behavior. Aid is in general given to the public sector, thus any effect of aid is mediated by that sector. We specifically address this behavioral feature by analyzing how aid revenue affects government fiscal behavior with respect to tax, borrowing and expenditure decisions; unlike previous contributions, aid is endogenous in our model, which has a number of important implications. We estimate an econometric model that differs from previous studies not only in this respect but also by allowing domestic borrowing, in addition to aid and tax revenue, to finance both capital and recurrent expenditure. Structural and reduced form equations are derived and estimated using 1956–95 time-series data for Pakistan. Results indicate, contrary to much of the literature, that only half of aid has gone to government consumption, that it has had a slightly positive impact on public investment and negative impact on tax effort.

Federalism Reform Imperatives, Restructuring Principles and Lessons for Pakistan

In spite of several decades of sustained growth, Pakistan remains in the company of "failed" states on account of its quality of governance. This paper presents an institutional framework for improving the quality of governance in Pakistan. This framework suggests that a major challenge facing the public sector in Pakistan is to harmonise its authorising environment and operational capacity with its mission and values. It provides a broad outline of how such a difficult task can be accomplished. The paper provides an analysis of the fiscal federalism dimensions of the authorising environment and presents directions for reform. The paper recognises various political, bureaucratic and institutional impediments that stand in the way of such reform. Finally, the paper distils lessons on institutional reform of relevance to Pakistan and other non-industrialised countries. .