Public Sector Investment Research Articles

Determinasi Investasi Sektor Publik Bidang Pendidikan Dan Kesehatan Terhadap Tingkat Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Di Kabupaten Tulungagung

The level of welfare is a very important thing considering that welfare is a measuring point for the progress of a society that is in a prosperous condition. This research aims to determine the effect of public sector investment in education and health on the level of welfare in Tulungagung district in 2008-2022. This research is descriptive quantitative, using multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that the T count for the education level variable (X1) is 6.033 while the T table is 1.782 so that the T count < T table (6.033 > 1.782). So, the level of education has a positive and significant effect on the level of community welfare. T count for the health level variable (X2) is 5.622 while T table is 1.782 so T-count > T-table (5.622 > 1.782). So, the level of health has a positive and significant effect on the level of community welfare and together the variables level of education (X1) and level of health (X2) have an effect on the level of welfare in Tulungagung Regency (Y).

Impact of Corruption on Public Investment Outcomes in Nigeria

Corruption remains a significant barrier to public investment in Nigeria, particularly for large-scale projects. This study aims to examine the impact of corruption on public investment outcomes across varying levels of investment with time series data covering 1986 to 2023. Using simultaneous quantile regression, the analysis captures both the direct effect of corruption and its interactions with macroeconomic variables, including GDP per capita, inflation, government effectiveness, political instability, and foreign direct investment (FDI). The results demonstrate that corruption consistently reduces public investment, with the negative impact intensifying at higher quantiles. Interaction terms reveal that government effectiveness mitigates the harmful effects of corruption, while political instability exacerbates them for smaller projects but plays a more complex role in larger ones. Inflation and FDI further amplify corruption's negative effects, particularly in medium and large-scale projects. The study concludes that larger public investments are especially vulnerable to corruption, which emphasises the need for stronger institutional frameworks and governance reforms to enhance transparency and accountability in public sector investment. Lastly, macroeconomic stability and improved political conditions are crucial to enhancing public investment outcomes, particularly in large-scale projects.

Changing patterns of general practice services during a period of public sector investment in Britain.

Given the importance of GP care to the public's health, it is important that we understand how patterns of service use change as levels of investment change. This study investigated GP use in Britain in conjunction with use of outpatient services during a period of investment and during a period of austerity. The study used data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) that included service use, morbidity (as an indicator of need) and socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., employment, age, education, and sex). Data for 2000, 2004, and 2008, were specifically chosen for comparison with data from 2015, 2016 and 2017. Service use and respondent characteristics were described using measures of central tendency and dispersion. Multivariable analyses were undertaken using recursive bivariate probit (RBVP) and probit analyses separately for each study year. All analyses were adjusted for cross-sectional weighting. BHPS respondents who used outpatient services or GP services had higher morbidity compared to survey participants who did not. Older people, people with lower educational attainment and employed people had higher mean morbidity indices in each study year as did females. Morbidity among service users tended to decline slightly over time. RBVP analyses revealed a significant positive correlation in residuals between outpatient and GP functions in 2000 and 2004 but not 2008. GP consultations and outpatient use remained largely unrelated to socio-economic factors in each year. Survey participants who reported hearing or vision impairment conditions were consistently less likely to use GP or outpatient services in 2000 and 2004, in 2008. The results are broadly indicative of stable relationships in service use during a period of healthcare investment but change during austerity. Those who reported, vision, hearing, and skin conditions were consistently less likely to report use of GP or outpatient services, controlling for other aspects of health.

Public Sector Investment and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: Evidence From 1981- 2022

Public sector investment in any economy is often shown in the level of government spending, which is revealed in the welfare level of her populace as part of her fiscal obligation. This study examines the effect of government expenditure and poverty reduction in Nigeria using secondary data sourced from the publication of the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and World Development Indicators from 1981 to 2022. The study employed the Auto-regressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) to achieve its objectives. The results of the findings revealed that government spending in building and construction, health have a positive and significant effect on per capita income used as a proxy for welfare of Nigeria’s populace. While government investment in education has a negative and insignificant effect on per capita income in Nigeria. Moreover, interest rate and inflation rate as contributory variables have a positive effect on per capita income in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that government should prioritize investment in infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, energy facilities, and public transportation systems. This will not only stimulate economic growth but also create employment opportunities and improve connectivity across regions. Also, prioritize targeted investments in quality education through teachers training, curriculum development, and infrastructure to enhance the learning environment and ensure that students acquire the necessary skills for economic productivity.

The Impact of Financial Literacy on Selected Nigerian Public Sector Employees Savings Culture and Investment

Financial literacy ensures that an individual is able to match his income with his expenditure, lives within his means and forestall going broke or bankrupt. Like general or health literacy, financial literacy could be conceptualized as having two dimensions: understanding (personal finance knowledge) and use (personal finance application). In this study, we reviewed how financial literacy is measured in the current literature and examine how well the existing studies addresses whether financial literacy improves employees savings culture and investment. We review the literature on alternative policies to improve financial outcomes and compare the evidence on whether financial literacy improves employees spending habits, savings, investments and standard of living. The sample size of this survey based study consists of 110 working men and women from non-financial public sector in Nigeria. Data was analyzed using simple percentage and frequency distribution. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in the analysis of the data. The major challenge in financial education has been how to measure the impact of financial education on the recipient savings culture. Investment and standard of living. On the other hand what is the influence of financial literacy on employees’ savings and investment outcome. It can be observed that in some instances those who did not have formal financial education and those who are primary or secondary school dropout have risen to own successful business empire. However, some who have tertiary financial education are struggling to survive. A large proportion of the sampled employees are deficient in financial literacy notwithstanding their exposure to financial education. Contrary to popular perception this research shows that there is no significant relationship between financial literacy and education level, savings culture and investments, of Nigerian public sector employees. Finally, we discuss directions ........

The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) in context: UK public sector approach to fusion energy.

The UK's fusion energy approach has developed over the past 5 years to include government policy initiatives and a range of public sector investments designed to be delivered in partnership with the private sector. These have aimed to create an environment that stimulates innovation and investment to deliver economic as well as scientific and environmental benefits throughout the lifetime of the public sector fusion energy programme. The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production acts as a focus and anchor for both public and private sector efforts to develop fusion energy, developing the supply chain and potential for Intellectual Property development and export opportunities well ahead of the anticipated STEP completion date of 2040. This is maximized by the UK's approach to a holistic research and innovation programme backed up by a regulatory and skills programme. This article is part of the theme issue 'Delivering Fusion Energy - The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP)'.

Public trust and support for government technology: Survey insights about Singapore's smart city policies

The smart city concept is an increasingly popular urban policy framework, and recent advances in technologies like artificial intelligence are poised to shape this trend in unprecedented ways. As public sector investment in technology accelerates, it is prudent to consider how smart cities shape and are shaped by public trust in government – an issue about which there is a growing body of research but lingering questions. This study investigates determinants of public trust in government technology, including public awareness, government communication, personal ideals and aspirations, and personal perceptions and expectations. Data come from a 2021 survey (N = 1500) about smart cities in Singapore, a country with high developmental ambitions and sufficient resources to pursue advanced smart city programs. This study seeks to deepen scholarly and practical understandings about the mutually necessary but often diverging forces of public trust in technology and public trust in government.

Managing barriers to resource allocation for the rehabilitation services in Pakistan: a review article

The rehabilitation services including physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy is an essential part of the healthcare system, which is required to enhance patients' quality of life. These services need a streamlined support system, which is required from the funding sources that significantly impact the efficacy. The accessibility, affordability, and quality of healthcare services are significantly influenced by healthcare finance and its utilization, which involves revenue generation and reimbursement processes to budgetary supervision and allocation of resources. Effective resource allocation is made possible by sound financial management, which minimizes undue usage and maximizes the use of existing resources in underfunded healthcare systems like Pakistan, where there is a greater need for funds for rehabilitation. Despite their value in the budget, rehabilitation services frequently receive a smaller portion of the healthcare budget. There is a need to focus on several funding sources, such as commercial insurance plans, public sector grants, out-of-pocket costs for patients and families, and the functions of foreign aid and charitable donations. The possible ways can be increasing insurance coverage for rehabilitation services, increasing public sector investment and encouraging increased cooperation between public and private sector parties. Ultimately, the healthcare system and the rehabilitative services can be improved for future prevention of disability and evidence-based health policies that maximize available resources and high-quality healthcare. This review offers a thorough analysis of and describes the current state of rehabilitation financing in Pakistan. In addition, it also provides considerable evaluation of barriers and suggested solutions in managing the finances required for running a viable rehabilitation system. Keywords: Budgets; Funds; Funding Resources; Finance; Healthcare System; Hospitals; Patients; Rehabilitation Citation: Waheed A, Shah S, Mahmood T. Managing barriers to resource allocation for the rehabilitation services in Pakistan: a review article. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2024;28(4):776−782; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v28i4.2528 Received: July 08, 2024; Reviewed: July 12, 2024; Accepted: July 26, 2024

Continuing professional development training needs of allied health professionals in regional and rural Victoria.

The aim of the study was to identify continuing professional development (CPD) needs of allied health professionals (AHP) in regional and rural Victoria. This study was an online cross-sectional design conducted between December 2022 and February 2023. AHPs employed at a large multi-site regional public health service providing acute, subacute, community and outpatient care in Victoria, Australia. The online questionnaire included four sections investigating satisfaction of CPD, prioritised topics for CPD, preference for CPD sourcing and perceived capabilities in delivering education. To investigate prioritised topics of CPD, a tool was adapted from the Hennessy Hicks Training Needs Analysis questionnaire to align with allied health (AH) career pathways. For organisational alignment, a second questionnaire was sent to AH managers. The response rate was 17% (53/316 AHPs) from members of 10 AH professions. The median years of clinical experience for participants was between 2 and 5 years. Participants with 6-10 years of clinical experience reported the lowest level of satisfaction. Research and education were identified as areas of highest training need. Self-perceived competence in education delivery was proportionately lower in areas of assessment, developing digital learning and constructive alignment. CPD needs for AHPs in a regional and rural health service were shown to vary by career stage and weighted towards developing research and education delivery capabilities. Findings from this study may support public health sector and policy investment in CPD opportunities to support horizontal career progression opportunities, a balance of internal and externally sourced professional development and strategic investment in education delivery capabilities.

Getting to Green: International Financing for Green Energy Infrastructure in Developing Countries

One of the symposium panels discussed financing clean energy projects. One panelist in particular expressed concern about how to build developing countries’ institutional capacity to utilize international financing for green energy. Global institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) provide loans to developing countries conditioned on the countries privatizing and deregulating their energy sectors—otherwise known as austerity. While austerity measures may make sense in developed countries, this Comment argues that developing countries often lack the infrastructure needed to effectively utilize international financing precisely because the loans are conditioned on austerity. The World Bank and the IMF should therefore change the conditions of their loans from privatization to public-sector investment in infrastructure. Amending the conditions for green energy loans would make privatization more feasible in the future and promote the transition to green energy in developing countries.

Individual and regional differences in the effects of school racial segregation on Black students’ health

BackgroundSchool racial segregation in the US has risen steadily since the 1990s, propelled by Supreme Court decisions rolling back the legacy of Brown v. Board. Quasi-experimental research has shown this resegregation harms Black students' health. However, whether individual or family characteristics (e.g., higher family incomes) are protective against segregation's health harms—or whether segregation is more damaging in regions of the US with fewer public sector investments—remains unclear. We leverage the quasi-random timing of school districts being released from Brown-era integration plans to examine heterogeneity in the association between resegregation and Black students' health. Methods & findingsWe took an instrumental variables approach, using the timing of integration order releases as an instrument for school segregation and analyzing a pre-specified list of theoretically-motivated modifiers in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. In sensitivity analyses, we fit OLS models that directly adjusted for relevant covariates. Results suggest resegregation may have been particularly harmful in the South, where districts resegregated more quickly after order releases. We find little evidence that the effects of school segregation differed across family income, gender, or age. ConclusionThe end of court-ordered integration threatens the health of Black communities—especially in the US South. Modestly higher incomes do not appear protective against school segregation's harms. Research using larger samples and alternative measures of school segregation—e.g., between districts, instead of within districts—may further our understanding of segregation's health effects, especially in Northern states.

Human Capital Development, Income Inequality and Public Sector Investment in Nigeria

Abstract Human capital development of any country is believed to be the bedrock for sustainable economic development which seems to be linked to the level of income inequality. But there seems not to be an implied acceptance of flow of the linkage as evident from the high level of income inequality and low level of human capital development. Suspected among the causes of this is the role of the public sector. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine if there exists a dynamic feedback impact between human capital development and income inequality given public sector investment in Nigeria. The study employed the ARDL and NLARDL estimation method using data on human capital development index, income inequality, government expenditure in health and educational sector, among other variables for the period 1991-2022. Human capital development and income inequality were found to have feedback impacts. Public sector investment was found to be crucial while the existence of Kuznet’s hypothesis was established. Hence, the study strongly advocates for policy measures of pro-poor growth, reduction of unemployment, population growth and the degree of trade openness for the effective reduction in the country’s inequality gap and the development of human capital.

Horticultural Innovations Elevating Crop Yields and Agricultural Sustainability for a Flourishing Future

Advancements in horticultural technologies and practices are critical for meeting global food security needs while ensuring environmental sustainability. This paper examines recent innovations that enhance crop yields and resource efficiency in horticulture. Key areas explored include high-tech greenhouse agriculture, precision agriculture techniques, improved irrigation systems, biofertilizers and biopesticides, breeding of resilient cultivars, and vertical farming. Intensive greenhouse production with supplemental lighting, climate control, hydroponics and automation enables year-round vegetable and fruit yields up to 20 times higher than open-field methods. Precision agriculture leverages data analytics, sensors and AI for optimized inputs and cultivation decisions per sub-field zone. Upgraded irrigation systems like drip lines and computerized scheduling curtail water usage. Organic biofertilizers and biopesticides derived from microbes, plants and minerals boost soil health and impede pests while avoiding chemical residues. Newly bred cultivars feature accelerated growth, improved taste and nutrition, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Meanwhile, vertical farms multilayer indoor cropping to magnify yields in small footprints. Further integration of these and other cutting-edge horticultural technologies can increase global food production without environmental sacrifice. This necessitates greater public and private sector investments paired with institutional support.

The impact of public and private health investment expenditures on the health system in Türkiye: Causality analysis using the Toda-Yamamoto method for the period 2002-2022

Türkiye's healthcare system has undergone substantial changes since 2002, driven by public and private sector investments aimed at expanding capacity, improving service quality, and enhancing health outcomes. This study examined the causal effects of these investments on healthcare indicators such as hospital capacity, patient satisfaction, and mortality rates from 2002 to 2022 using data from the Ministry of Health, the World Bank, and TURKSTAT. Seventeen models were analyzed through the Toda-Yamamoto causality approach, focusing on variables like hospital beds, healthcare personnel, patient satisfaction, and economic factors such as GDP and the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI). Public health investments significantly increased beds in public hospitals (χ²=10.14, p=0.04), while private investments had a strong impact on beds in private hospitals (χ²=24.29, p<0.01). GDP also positively influenced the number of beds in both public (χ²=56.13, p<0.01) and private hospitals (χ²=59.01, p<0.01). Private investments were associated with increased healthcare personnel in the private sector (χ²=39.34, p<0.01), whereas public investments had no significant impact on public-sector personnel (χ²=1.06, p=0.59). GDP had a positive effect on patient satisfaction with public health services (χ²=22.31, p<0.01), and private investments correlated with higher satisfaction in private healthcare (χ²=24.29, p<0.01). Additionally, GDP significantly reduced infant mortality (χ²=34.70, p<0.01) and under-five mortality (χ²=41.55, p<0.01). Health investments were linked to lower mortality rates from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (χ²=32.39, p<0.01). The findings highlight the essential role of both public and private investments in enhancing Türkiye's healthcare system. Private-sector investment is especially critical for expanding capacity and improving satisfaction. Policies integrating economic growth with healthcare improvements and continuous investments in infrastructure and human resources are vital for sustaining progress.

Unlocking the potentials of sustainable livelihoods in Chattogram Hill Tracts of Bangladesh

The Chattogram Hill Tracts (CHT), home to diverse ethnic communities locally known as tribals, lags behind in socioeconomic development, with widespread poverty and precarious livelihoods. This paper, using diverse sources of literature, examines the existing livelihood challenges faced by the tribal people of CHT and explores various livelihood options that could improve their well-being. Our analysis revealed that a variety of factors, including geographic, economic, social, historical, and political, affect the livelihoods of tribal people in the CHT. The region's difficult topography, remoteness, poor infrastructure, and past conflicts have hindered development efforts and deterred both private and public sector investments. Although over 60 % of the tribal people depend primarily on agriculture for their livelihoods, many of them are landless. Moreover, tribal communities have limited access to finance, education and training, health services, and markets due to their remote locations, poor infrastructure, and lack of transportation facilities. Our findings suggest that, despite many challenges, there is huge potential to improve the livelihoods of the tribal people. However, it would require a holistic and coordinated approach of managing natural resources, improving human, social, physical, and financial capital, as well as addressing underlying structural and institutional factors. Priority should be given to managing natural resources, improving governance, resolving land disputes, investing in infrastructure, improving access to markets and financial services, and developing skills and knowledge. This paper outlines a framework to address the existing challenges and harness the opportunities to promote sustainable livelihoods in CHT.

Transit-oriented development, development corridors and economic access: The Louis Botha development corridor’s impact

Apartheid’s impact on South Africa’s urban spatial patterns persists, resulting in spatial fragmentation and inequality. Unsustainable urban sprawl exacerbates challenges related to economic access. To address said challenges, the City of Johannesburg (CoJ) implemented the Corridors of Freedom (CoF) initiative, emphasising economic inclusion. Amid substantial public sector investment, the initiative prioritised the Louis Botha Development Corridor (LBDC) to create a dense, mixed-use, walkable urban environment. However, limited research investigated the LBDC’s impact from an economic access perspective. This study investigates how the LBDC has improved economic access and provides policy insights for urban areas in South Africa, within the conceptual framework of transit-oriented development (TOD) and development corridors. A quantitative research approach using Network Analyst reveals that the Rea Vaya Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system increased economic access by 16% compared to other LBDC transport services. This study demonstrates the potential of the dual implementation of TOD and development corridors to foster economic access in the study area and concludes with policy recommendations centred on cross-departmental collaboration, feasibility studies and risk allocation, location-based criteria and transit accessibility targets, transit-oriented design guidelines, and integrated transport systems.

EE296 Should Hospitals Do Contract Research? Costs, Net Monetary Benefit, and Return on Public Sector Investments in Research at Kuopio University Hospital

EE296 Should Hospitals Do Contract Research? Costs, Net Monetary Benefit, and Return on Public Sector Investments in Research at Kuopio University Hospital

Tourism and economic development: A literature review to highlight main empirical findings

After the publication of a significant number of papers analyzing the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH), a new line has arisen within the scientific literature, which attempts to analyze the capacity of tourism as an instrument of economic development, given that this concept has been widely linked to both economic aspects and socio-economic conditions of the resident population. Because of the new line mentioned, this work reviews 57 published articles (from 2005 to 2022) that examined the relationship between tourism and economic development. Specifically, the empirical results of the reviewed works suggest that tourism has positive effects on socio-economic development, acting as a tool that reduces poverty, lessens inequalities, and improves the living conditions of the resident population. In line with this, papers reviewed suggests different policy recommendations as promote access to financing, trade, campaigns for tourism or major relevance of public and private sector investments.

The Role of ICT in Effective Dissemination of Extension Information among Women Livestock Farmers in North West Region of Cameroon

Over the past years, extensive efforts have been made throughout the world to provide female farmers with effective, suitable technology, training, and information. As a result, positive effects are beginning to show in agricultural production and family welfare. But the successes are limited at a time when public sector investments in agricultural research and extension are under pressure, when ever-greater demands are being placed on rural women in the face of rapid social transformation and in an increasing number of areas, when evidence of environmental degradation is growing. ICTs are now being used to provide basic solutions to farmers and are increasingly being supported by extension practitioners for use in agricultural production and marketing systems. This paper is intended to investigate the role played by ICT in the dissemination of effective extension information among women livestock farmers in the North West Region of Cameroon. Primary data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires, observations, focus groups and interview guides. Secondary data were obtained from books, journals, research projects and scientific articles. These provided the necessary quantitative and qualitative data that were used to draw conclusions. Multi stage sampling techniques were used to select the female farmers for the study. Four hundred (400) questionnaires were administered randomly to collect data from the communities. The women were examined using different channels like media, phone calls, friends, and agricultural technicians. The results from the study shows that, the media seemingly are doing a great job in disseminating of appropriate agricultural information. Therefore, 40.5% of the farmers get information from the media or magazines but only (7.8%) get information through phone calls. The findings of this study can go a long way to help policy makers in planning and designing need-based information infrastructural system for rural farmers.

Factors Affecting Public Sector Investment in the Livestock Industry in Malaw

The dominant narrative is that public financing and investment in the public sector depend on the political leadership of the government executive because of the incentives gained in public finance management. The executive arm of the government includes elected political leaders and technocrats. Using the case of the agricultural sector, this paper examines the role of technocrats and elected leadership in investment choices. This paper uses, in support of quantitative findings, qualitative evidence from a case study designed in the Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development in Malawi. The variables were used to analyze the quantitative data, and content analysis was used for qualitative data. The finding reveals that seniority, authority, political affiliation, and technical expertise of civil servant leadership significantly influence public investment choices in the livestock sector in Malawi. Both elected political executives and technocrats had self-interests in delivering goods with swift and visible returns. The study concludes that Malawi's public sector investment arena is a ‘war zone’ with various actors vying for dominance. The paper recommends a critical review of the reforms in the livestock sector to bring the investment culture on course in Malawi. More studies are needed to resolve issues around privatization models of services in the livestock sector and the role of government and transactional actors.