Public Sector Companies Research Articles

Evaluating the Financial Performance of Retail Oil Distribution Companies in India: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Sectors

This study examines the financial performance of public and private sector retail oil distribution companies in India from 2013 to 2023. The research focuses on two hypotheses: first, that private sector companies (RIL and Nayara Energy) demonstrate superior profitability metrics (ROCE, ROA, ROE) compared to public sector counterparts (BPCL, HPCL, IOCL) due to operational flexibility and market-driven strategies; and second, public sector companies exhibit lower financial leverage (Debt-Equity Ratio) reflecting conservative financial management and government oversight. Statistical tools such as ANOVA were employed to analyse ten years of financial data, revealing significant differences in profitability metrics favouring private-sector companies, and lower financial leverage among public-sector entities. These findings provide investors, policymakers, and stakeholders valuable insights in understanding sectoral dynamics and making informed decisions. The study contributes to the existing literature by illustrating distinct financial strategies and performance trends within India's retail oil distribution sector, crucial for strategic planning and regulatory frameworks in the energy industry.

Road Traffic Enforcement: Using Technology Through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP)

The past two decades have seen a wide - ranging wave of privatizations in formerly government owned or - controlled activities. A government task or service which is funded and operated through a partnership between a public sector authority and private sector company based on guidelines and performance standards set by a public party is typically referred to as a Public Private Partnership (PPP). In most countries traffic enforcement cameras and other equipment are purchased, owned, and operated by government organisations. Back - offices, where violation data are processed, citations issued, and traffic fines collected, have traditionally been government - run activities. In a PPP model, a private party invests and installs enforcement equipment (e. g. speed or red - light cameras) and conducts back office processing, such as sending out violation notices and managing and confirming fine collection. The investment in equipment and related processing and support activities are funded by fine revenues collected from the motoring public over the contract term. Gaining public support, and ultimately acceptance, for the PPP model is crucial, which is why transparency, publicity and continuous communication are key factors for successful and sustainable implementation. Full service PPPs are often organised on a municipal level in close consultation with the local administration and police. Due to the high initial investment and gradual repayment, such PPPs are typically based on longer term contracts. Moreover, the regulatory environment may require some changes to allow involvement of a private party. One process that is difficult to outsource is the formal confirmation of a violation by a review of the photo or video evidence. Generally, this can only be validly performed by an authorised government official, such as a police officer. Depending on laws and regulations applicable to specific jurisdictions, there could be more issues that may limit the extent of the private party’s involvement in these PPPs. When properly implemented, PPP’s in traffic enforcement can considerably contribute to the reduction of casualties, injuries and crashes, as well as improve traffic flow, and increase quality of life with more safety, lower emissions and less noise pollution. Speed reduction also significantly benefits the safety of vulnerable road users such as pedestrians, and two - wheelers Personal injury and death on roadways also have a significant impact on the economy through medical costs, lost resources and wages and disability pay outs. These costs are significant and are estimated by the WHO to amount to an average of around 3% of a country’s GNP. This figure rises to 5% in some low - and middle - income countries

The tools of tax control: a conceptual perspective

This study focuses on exploring the areas of insufficient knowledge about tax control tools in public and private sector companies, in order to provide a more solid conceptual understanding of this topic. Qualitative and quantitative research was used, employing documentary review techniques and analysis of results, with workers from the Human Resources and Administration areas as a sample. A digital survey and data collection forms were used as research instruments. In summary, the results revealed a diversity of levels of familiarity and comfort with the use of accounting software, tax preparation and online tools provided by the tax agency.

Does the cost behavior remain sticky? a 20-year literature review of cost stickiness

Research aims: This study aims to describe the development of cost stickiness research over the past twenty years globally and presents a future research agenda.Design/Methodology/Approach: The method used in this study is a systematic literature review with a final research sample of 91 articles from 42 international journals indexed by Scopus Q1-Q4 and 20 articles from national journals indexed by SINTA 1-4. Research findings: This research found annual developments and fluctuations in cost stickiness research topics in international and national journals. Mapping of cost stickiness research exhibits that (1) the dominating antecedent variable is revenue change, (2) the popular consequence variable is accounting conservatism, (3) the most widely used theory is cost stickiness theory, (4) the majority of cost stickiness research used quantitative methods with secondary data, (5) the widely used population is public sector or profit-oriented companies, and (6) the proxy dominating cost stickiness research is SGA.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This research mapping is based on six critical aspects of cost stickiness and provides several suggestions for future research. It is expected that future research related to cost stickiness can use this research as a reference and inspiration. Research limitation/Implication: Several websites in national journals indexed by SINTA 1-4 could not be accessed due to errors, limiting the number of research samples in national journals. Hence, future research can expand the search for articles in SINTA 1-6 or through other pages/portals (such as Web of Science) to more comprehensively describe the development of cost stickiness research.

The Growth and Profitability of Life Insurance Industry in India – A Comparative Analysis between Public and Private Sector Companies

The Growth and Profitability of Life Insurance Industry in India – A Comparative Analysis between Public and Private Sector Companies

Corporate Social Responsibility in Rural Development: Insights from CSR Initiatives of a Public Sector Company

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges, such as poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate infrastructure. However, there is limited research available on the process by which companies introduce innovative CSR practices to tackle these social problems. This study draws insights from a case study of CSR initiatives of a public sector company in India to examine the emergence and implementation of innovative CSR practices. The study reveals that CSR practices are influenced by the company’s commitment and institutionalising a dynamic process of implementation and stakeholder engagement, and governance of partner relations. It is found that stakeholder engagement and partnerships not only attribute legitimacy but also ensure greater participation of the local community in problem-solving and the creation of shared value. Moreover, the formation of partnerships and collaborations contributes to the development of better solutions that serve the needs of the local community. These findings have implications for the design and implementation of innovative CSR practices, particularly in resource-constrained rural settings.

The Impact of Financial Ratios on Profit Growth of Public Health Sector Companies

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of Debt to Asset Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, and Return on Asset on the profit growth of public healthcare sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2017-2021. The population of this study consists of public healthcare sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample was determined using purposive sampling technique, and the selected sample consists of 3 public healthcare sector companies. The data analysis technique used in this research is panel data regression analysis with the assistance of EViews 12 software. The research findings indicate that the variable Debt to Asset Ratio does not have a significant influence on profit growth, Total Asset Turnover has a significant negative influence on profit growth, while the variable Return on Asset has a significant positive influence on profit growth. Keywords: Debt to Asset Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Return on Asset, profit growth, healthcare sector

A Comparative Study on Relation Between ROE and Standard Deviation of Public Sector Company National Stock Exchange

This study investigates the relationship between Return on Equity (ROE) and Standard Deviation (SD) of public sector companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE). ROE serves as a measure of profitability, reflecting a company's ability to generate earnings from shareholders' equity, while SD represents the volatility or risk associated with the stock returns of a company. Understanding the interplay between these two metrics is crucial for investors seeking to optimize their investment portfolios by balancing risk and return. Over a five-year period, this comparative study analyzes the ROE and SD of public sector companies on the NSE, aiming to uncover any significant correlations between these metrics. By conducting statistical analysis, including correlation and regression analysis, we seek to identify patterns and trends that can provide valuable insights into the financial performance and risk profiles of public sector companies. The study is motivated by the need to offer empirical evidence and insights that can assist investors in making informed decisions regarding their investments in public sector companies on the NSE. By examining the relationship between ROE and SD, we aim to provide investors with a deeper understanding of the risk-return trade off inherent in these companies, thus enabling them to better manage their investment strategies and portfolios. Through the findings of this study, investors can gain insights into the financial health and risk characteristics of public sector companies on the NSE, facilitating more informed investment decisions. Additionally, the study contributes to the existing body of research on financial performance and risk management in the context of government-owned enterprises, offering valuable implications for both investors and policymakers.

The Impact of Psychological Empowerment on Workforce Agility in Organization X

This study aims to determine the effect of psychological empowerment on labour agility in the State Civil Apparatus at Agency X. This questionnaire is based on the Labour Agility Scale and Psychological Empowerment Scale measures. The results of the regression test showed that psychological empowerment has a significant influence on workplace agility, with a large effect size of 56.2%. In addition, the descriptions of both variables, psychological empowerment and workforce agility, are categorised as moderate. The findings of this study are in line with previous research on the impact of psychological empowerment on employees of public and private sector companies in the manufacturing and services sectors in India.

Psychological Contract, Symbolic Interactionism, Social Exchange, and Expectation Violation Theories: A Literature Review

This article presents a literature review on Symbolic Interactionism, Social Exchange, and Expectation Violation Theories and their relevance to the Psychological Contract. The review is part of a doctoral thesis on the socialization process and can be helpful to Human Resource Managers (HRM), scholars, and practitioners. The review's findings show that while there are many studies on the newcomer's adaptation in the international literature, there are very few academic studies on this topic in the Brazilian context where the cost of losing a job can induce a golden cage behavior as we see in the public sector companies. Therefore, the review provides a new perspective on the socialization process of a firm's newcomer by combining the theories above, which have not been studied together before.

Exploring Funds: A Mitigation towards Sustaining the Niger Delta Amnesty Programme

The amnesty programme in the Niger Delta is expected to improve the human capital development of the region and the country, which is presently low. Hence, the study investigated exploring funding mitigation for sustaining the Niger Delta Amnesty Programme. The study critically examined the role of private sector funding to the amnesty programme. The study was anchored on public-private partnership theory with the assertion that a philosophical approach to actualizing infrastructure services by leveraging private capital, know-how, and effectiveness while merging the advantages of the public and private sectors. The study adopted a qualitative approach for data collection. An in-depth interview (IDI) was used for data collection. The populations of the study were ex-militants in the Niger Delta state. The sample size is 15 ex-militants in the Niger Delta who have benefited from the amnesty programme. The IDI questions were structured in line with the two research questions. The findings revealed that private sector funding of the Niger Delta amnesty programmeme in the region would lead to continuity of the programmeme's burden of funding on the part of the federal and various states. It concluded that there is a need for the federal and state governments to seek funding from the private sector in areas of manpower training and reintegration of trained ex-militants into the world of work with appropriate functional skills. It was recommended that the government sensitise the public and private sector companies, in particular, to the need for support through funding in terms of financial or material goods that will help enhance the programme.

Scoring Sustainability Reports for Assessing Environmental and Social Dimension of Leading Energy Sector Companies

The looming threat of climate change is increasingly placing the sustainability of businesses under scrutiny. The power sector in India offers a compelling context to explore the scope of ESG disclosures. The country heavily relies on coal, oil, and gas for extensive electrification, making it the world's fourth-largest emitter of pollution, releasing 2.65 billion metric tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere annually. In this paper an attempt has been made to review and analyse the Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reports of Energy sector companies in India. A distinction has also been made in public and private sector companies. Sustainability Reporting Maturity Model released by ICAI has been used to score the companies for the social and environmental indicators reported by them in the BRSR. It was found that although private sector companies are reporting the environmental indicators better, the public sector is leading in reporting social indicators. However, when it comes to overall performance, public sector companies outperform private sector companies.

Implementation Of Balanced Scorecard In Measuring Employee Performance In The Public Sector

Balanced scorecard is one approach used to measure the performance of a company's operations, especially in Human Resources. This study aims to find out how effective the Balaced Scorecard method is in public sector companies. As we all know that the Balanced Scorecard is an analytical tool to determine employee performance and has 4 effectiveness, namely customer perspective, learning finance and growth. In this study the method applied is qualitative, while the analytical technique used is descriptive qualitative. The use of the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method is carried out by reviewing and identifying journals systematically which in each process are reviewed and analyzed to find out how efficient and effective the Balanced Scorecard approach is used as a measurement in an effort to determine the performance of an employee in the scope of the Public Sector. The nature of this study is descriptive analysis, then elaboration / description so as to produce accurate information for future researchers. The results showed that employee training is very effective in measuring a company's performance through the Balaced Scorecard method to improve the realization of the organization's vision and mission.

Dampak Struktur Organisasi terhadap Komitmen Organisasi: Perbandingan Antara Sektor Publik dan Swasta

A good organizational structure will have an impact on employee organizational commitment. This study aims to examine the impact of organizational structure on organizational commitment in public and private sector companies in Banjarmasin. The three main structural dimensions included in this research are formalization, centralization (in the form of a hierarchy of authority and participation), and standardization. 100 questionnaires were distributed to 8 public and private companies in Banjarmasin and a sample of 80 valid questionnaires was obtained. The research results show that all structural dimensions have a relationship with organizational commitment in both sectors, except for authority hierarchy. Among the structural dimensions, formalization shows the greatest correlation with organizational commitment in public companies, while participation has the largest correlation with organizational commitment in private companies. Employee demographics have no impact on dimensions of organizational structure or commitment in either the private or public sectors. In addition, position in the private or public sector does not mediate the relationship between organizational structure and organizational commitment.

Государственная поддержка развития транспорта на современном этапе: влияние на транспортный комплекс Дальнего Востока

The article studies the methods of state stimulation of transport development at the present stage. Under the conditions of the «Turn to the East» and geopolitical changes occurring since 2022, Russia's foreign trade flows are being reoriented from European to southern and eastern directions. This has increased the workload of the Far East transportation complex, which provides Russia's access to the markets of Asia-Pacific Region countries (primarily PRC). The increasing scale of cargo flows revealed imbalances in the operation of transportation and aggravated the issue of infrastructure development. The state has developed a system of measures to stimulate the development of transportation. The article suggests their grouping based on the object of influence, market segment and form of regulation. It has shown that the state uses various mechanisms to stimulate private investment in infrastructure development: public-private partnership (PPP), infrastructure bonds, budget loans, etc. The article presents the application of public-private partnerships (PPP) in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) in the field of transport: 16 projects are being implemented, the total investment capacity of which amounts to 223.0 billion rubles. The analysis of the project structure allowed to identify their peculiarities. PPPs are used to implement projects significant for the integrated development of transport in the macro-region, characterized by a significant investment capacity and a long payback period. Examples of such projects are the construction of the cross-border road bridge Blagoveshchensk (RF) - Heihe (PRC), modernization of the international airport «Khabarovsk» (New) named after G. I. Nevelskoy. In general, when implementing PPP projects in the field of transportation, the key role remains with the state, which degree of participation is increasing due to a number of factors: 1) increase in the number of projects in which public sector companies (established by government agencies or development corporations) act as concessionaire; 2) expansion of support mechanisms applied.

Model Intellectual Capital Sebagai Variabel Moderating Ditinjau Dari Likuiditas, Leverage, dan Profitabilitas Pengaruhnya Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

Using intellectual capital as a moderating variable, this study examines the impact of liquidity, leverage, and profitability on company value. The study examines public banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2021. Secondary data is the data source for this quantitative technique. 39 companies were chosen as samples throughout a six-year period; thus, 234 total data points were evaluated. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the data. The study's findings and data analysis lead to the conclusion that the variables related to profitability and liquidity increase business value. Firm value is significantly and negatively impacted by the leverage variable. The impact of the liquidity and leverage factors on the firm value variable, which is represented by the Tobins'Q index, can be amplified by the intellectual capital variable. The impact of the profitability variable on the company value variable, which is represented by the Tobins'Q index, is mitigated by the intellectual capital variable.

The role of supply chain management strategy and strategic management accounting in increasing company growth

This research investigates the relationship between supply chain management (SCM) strategy, strategic management accounting, internal and external orientation of companies, and their impact on company growth. The study utilizes a quantitative method using a questionnaire designed with a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 7 points. The sample used in this research reached 215 respondents. The respondents in this study are employees, staff, and managers of public sector companies in Indonesia. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results indicate that SCM strategy significantly influences internal and external orientation. Similarly, strategic management accounting has a significant impact on internal and external orientation. Both internal and external orientations significantly contribute to company growth. In the mediating role, both internal and external orientations have a significant impact on the relationship between SCM strategy and strategic management accounting with company growth.

Financial distress analysis for the prediction of corporate bankruptcy – a case study of a public sector company in India

Purpose: the present study examines the liquidity of the firm and its impact on financial distress, which may or may not increase the chances of bankruptcy. The study also analyzes the profitability, cash position, and solvency of the firm. Design/methodology/approach: we use the data of a listed Government manufacturing company and measure the financial distress and probabilities of bankruptcy to test the chances of financial distress during the period between 2015 and 2019. The financial models used for evaluation in the study are the Altman z-score model, Logit Probability model, and Falmur model. Findings: The study found that there was a chance of bankruptcy in the initial years, but later, it survived the bankruptcy. The study also established that the liquidity and solvency of the firm were not up to the standard. Practical implications: the result of the study extends our theoretical understanding and also provides valuable guidelines to reduce the chance of insolvency, bankruptcy, and financial distress of firms and to maintain the proper financial health of the firm. Originality/value: while many empirical studies investigate the relationship between liquidity position and its impact on financially distressed firms in the industry as a whole, but most do not consider the impact of financial distress in an individual firm or company. Most of the published studies use statistical tools for the evaluation of financial distress. This study uses Multiple Discriminant financial model analysis. Multiple Discriminant financial model Analyses are very useful in deciding remedial actions for financial distress problems

The Contribution of Employee Financial Participation to the Governance of the SME in Algeria

Corporate governance aims to control management decisions and determine their general lines. Thus, the application of the governance system must take into account the nature of the company itself, the conditions in which it operates, its organizational structure and the administrative culture of its actors. While good governance remains the result of good practices. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the contribution of employee financial participation in governance, through the governance regime, the rights to decide and control, the characteristics of employee shareholders in Algeria and thus on performance financial of companies with employee shareholding, based on mechanisms applicable to SME contexts. We will address in a synthetic manner the reality of this contribution of the financial participation of PFS employees through a discussion of the empirical results drawn from a questionnaire survey carried out among employee shareholders working in Algerian SMEs. The results show a low percentage of share capital held by employees with low female participation, an absence of association for employee shareholders, employee shareholding was a financial means to safeguard the activity of public sector companies with critical financial situations. Employee ownership is essential for businesses, promoting employee trust and participation. However, this role is only fully understood by a few companies. It serves as both a collective incentive and a control mechanism. Benefits include better management, financial benefits, business sustainability and job preservation. Despite this, 56.8% of employee shareholders prefer to sell their shares, raising questions about their motivations. A lack of voting rights in the shareholders’ council, which requires a review of the regulations to promote employee shareholding in Algeria, in particular for SMEs.

Measuring Financial Health and Performance of the Oil and Natural Gas Companies in India

The study attempted to investigate the financial health and financial performance of the oil and natural gas companies in India. Financial health was measured using the Altman Z-score model, and financial performance was evaluated through the return on equity (ROE). Conclusions were drawn based on the data collected from five randomly selected oil and natural gas companies listed on India's leading stock exchanges. The findings highlighted financial health and performance distinctions between public and private sector companies, rooted in resource allocation and capacity utilisation variances. Nevertheless, the study established a robust and statistically significant positive correlation between financial health and performance. It was concluded that enhanced financial health corresponds to elevated financial performance and vice versa.