Provision Of Public Services Research Articles

DIGITALIZATION OF POLITICS AND ELECTRONIC VOTING: FEATURES AND NATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Digitalization of politics is determined not only by the technological capabilities and accessibility of digital benefits for the general population, but also by the interests and goals of political actors, elites and states. The result of digitalization of politics is e-government. The Anglo-American e-government model is based on the idea of universality and serviceability of public service provision. The Asian model of e-government is associated with a multi-level structure of the state apparatus and meeting the information needs of citizens. The continental-European model of e-government is based on the principles of democracy, openness and protection of personal data. The Russian model of e-government seeks to improve the quality of relations between society and the state, as well as to improve the quality of public service provision. A key form of policy digitalization is electronic voting, which is based on blockchain technology. For the first time, e-voting was implemented in the United States and in European countries (Estonia). In 2000, electronic voting was first implemented in Russia, and currently two types of electronic voting are used: remote electronic voting and a ballot processing complex at polling stations. Digitalization of politics opens up new opportunities and horizons for interaction between public and state structures. Digital technologies in politics can make political participation more accessible, increase competition and reduce the level of political absenteeism.

Service failure is bound to happen: Unraveling the impact of dissatisfaction, complaint behavior and re-travel intention in travel and tourism industry

Service failure is bound to happen, but dissatisfaction has always been undermined by scholars previously. The present study investigates dissatisfaction factors in travel decision-making leading towards re-travel intention with the help of the expectancy disconfirmation theory (EDT) model. Moreover, complaint behavior mediates the relationship between dissatisfaction and re-travel intention concerning the factors involved in it. For the findings, 434 real-time responses were collected through an offline survey following the lifetime value (LTV) approach. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's tests were conducted to test the sphericity of the variables one by one. Furthermore, structural equation modeling (SEM) was implied to test the measurement and structural models. All the hypotheses supported and accepted the proposed research questions. The findings reveal that the dissatisfaction factors, with their interaction terms (transaction-based and experience-based), help study the variable dissatisfaction and its multifaceted concept in travel and tourism literature. Moreover, complaint behavior is identified as a key mediating factor in the relationship between dissatisfaction and re-travel intention, suggesting that commuters' response to dissatisfaction, including complaints, shapes their future re-travel intentions. The theoretical implications of the study are substantial, as it advances our understanding of commuter behavior in the context of public transport travel and tourism. Practically, the findings offer actionable insights for public transport authorities and service providers. Understanding the specific dissatisfaction factors influencing re-travel intention allows for targeted interventions to improve service quality and customer experience. Recognizing the importance of effective complaint management systems can help organizations better address customer grievances and mitigate the negative effects of dissatisfaction on re-travel intention.

Research on Digital Empowerment of Public Sports Service System Construction

Building a higher-level public service system for national fitness is an important cornerstone for accelerating the construction of a sports powerhouse, and it is an inherent requirement that meets the people's expectations for a high-quality life. Digital empowerment will become an effective engine and sustained driving force for achieving high-quality supply of public services for national fitness. Through research, an analysis was conducted on the current situation and challenges of a higher-level public service system for national fitness. The study suggests that a wider range of participants are required by a higher-level public service system for national fitness, which requires a renewed understanding of human needs. A stronger element support requires overall system governance, and a more balanced resource layout requires full utilization of data platforms. This study proposes suggestions: to strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure for public sports services; Accelerate the construction of digital talent teams for public sports services; Establish a mechanism for sharing information and data on public sports services, and strengthen the construction of digital technology governance mechanisms for public sports services. Research aimed at promoting the construction of a digital empowerment public sports service system.

OUTSOURCING IN HEALTHCARE, CHANGES IN SUS MANAGEMENT AND WORK RELATIONS IN A NEOLIBERAL BRAZIL

Labor relations have been adapting to new legislation and the market profile over the years, a way that broadens a debate in the health sector, correlating changes in the management of the Unified Health System (SUS) and the arrival of the provision of services, by the cooperative entities, with a contractual configuration,which reinforces the labor issue and expresses the scenario of neoliberalism in Brazil. The present research aims to raise the discussions present in the cited parts, having the versions, such as unions, associations and workers’representatives,which present a critical position and point to the precariousness of labor relations, fearing the lack of inspection of resources transferred in the current model, while public managers and service providers say they are able to meet the demands and contracts signed with municipalities and states, so that health outsourcing takes place in our country. Legislation in constant adaptation seeking to guide the quality assistance to the health user seeking a political and social balance. For this, a bibliographic review was carried out on the proposed themes, with the main and most recent articles found. In this way, it is considered that in a country that descends from slavery and exploitation of cheap labor, the problem is not that social spending fits in the public budget, but that universal rights fit in the psyche of the elites, who are indignant with basic rights offered the working class.

Why insurgents engage in kidnappings: A coercive strategy in quasi-state governance and control?

Despite the common perception viewing kidnappings as means to generate ransom income and to obtain political concessions, it remains unclear why kidnappings are disproportionately employed by some violent insurgent groups but not by the others. Combining data from the Global Terrorism Database and the Big Allied and Dangerous Insurgency Dataset, we empirically examined this question with a theoretical focus on the possible role of insurgents’ performance of state-like functions, which may necessitate the use of kidnappings as an illicit form of ‘policing’ and punishment for social control. Our analyses mainly focused on three aspects of quasi-state activities: extraction; provision of public services; and warring activities. A series of negative binomial regressions were conducted to examine the effects of insurgents’ quasi-state activities on their kidnapping activities over a base model with only group capacity and resource factors. We found that the initial effects of territory-control and membership size disappeared when variables measuring quasi-state activities were included into the model. This suggests that the influence of group capacity and resources on kidnappings may be an indirect one via insurgents’ strategic need for coercive control when contending for quasi-state status.

THE INFLUENCE OF STACKING YARD UTILIZATION AND OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE ON LOADING AND UNLOADING PRODUCTIVITY AT THE KOJA CONTAINER TERMINAL JOINT OPERATION

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world. Indonesia has extraordinary natural resources and human resources because of its strategic location between the continents of Asia and Australia and between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Ports as trade gateways and providers of public services play a very important role in economic movements, and the economy plays an important role. very important in the economy. In the accumulation field utilization variable (X1) there are 13 indicators which are statements to be answered based on the suitability felt by the respondent. The questionnaire was created using a Likert scale which has answer options ranging from Strongly, no, disagree, disagree, not sure. , Agree and completely agree "Maximum loading and unloading productivity quality and in accordance with the set targets"; "The level of use of stacking yards for export activities is quite high" with an average of 4.5455, which means that respondents strongly agree. On the other hand, the lowest average is Information regarding the relationship between operational performance and loading and unloading productivity can be used to direct policy and strategic decisions.

Can Gender Quotas Improve Public Service Provision? Evidence From Indian Local Government

What effect do gender quotas have on political responsiveness? We examine the effect of randomly imposed electoral quotas for women in Mumbai’s city council, using a wide variety of objective and subjective measures of constituency-level public service quality. Quotas are associated with differences in the distribution of legislator effort, with quota members focusing on public goods distribution, while non-quota members focus on individual goods, member perks, and identity issues. These differences in effort seem to influence institutional performance: perceived quality of local public goods is higher in constituencies with quota members, and citizen complaints are processed faster in areas with more quota members. We suggest that men’s more extensive engagement with extralegal and rhetorical forms of political action has led to men and women cultivating different styles of political representation.

Machine learning identifies different related factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation in Chinese children and adolescents

BackgroundDepression and suicidal ideation often co-occur in children and adolescents, yet they possess distinct characteristics. This study sought to identify the different related factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation. MethodsA nationwide cross-sectional survey collected data from Chinese children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 (N = 160,962; 48.91 % girls). The survey included inquiries about demographics, depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, perceived stress, academic burnout, internet addiction, non-suicidal self-injury, bullying, and being bullied. Fifteen machine learning algorithms were conducted to identify the different related factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation. Additionally, we conducted external validation on an independent sample of 1,812,889 children and adolescents. ResultsOur findings revealed seven related factors linked to depression and six associated with suicidal ideation, with average accuracy rates of 86.86 % and 85.82 %, respectively. For depression, the most influential factors were anxiety, perceived stress, academic burnout, internet addiction, non-suicidal self-injury, experience of bullying, and age. Similarly, anxiety, non-suicidal self-injury, perceived stress, internet addiction, academic burnout, and age emerged as paramount factors for suicidal ideation. Moreover, these related factors showed notable variations in their predictive capacities for depression and suicidal ideation across different subgroups. ConclusionAnxiety emerged as the predominant shared factor for both depression and suicidal ideation, whereas the other related factors displayed distinct predictive patterns for each condition. These findings highlight the critical need for tailored strategies from public mental health service providers and policymakers to address the pressing concerns of depression and suicidal ideation.

Health disparity among older adults in urban China: The role of local fiscal conditions

This study explores the disparities in older adults' self-rated health within the urban landscape of China. Drawing on the 1% national population survey of China in 2015, it highlights how variations in city development contribute to geographical health disparities among older residents. In the era of the decentralized fiscal system, a crucial mechanism identified is the role of cities’ local fiscal revenue in connecting their socioeconomic development and the health status among older adults. Despite efforts by cities in lower socioeconomic positions to increase fiscal expenditure and address deficits through central transfer payments, they prove inadequate in effectively mitigating population health disparities. The prioritization of economic growth and neglect of public service provision responsibilities are fundamental causes within this fiscal framework. The findings underscore the urgent need for increased central transfer payments in public services to address the growing disparities in older adults' health.

Incorporating demand constraints into piecewise frontier models of public service provision

Evaluating the performance of public service providers is often complicated by the fact that they must choose input levels before demands for their services are known. We consider an even more complicated situation in which service providers have no opportunity to directly influence demands. This means that their predetermined inputs may be more than what is required to meet realised demands. In such cases, conventional measures of revenue efficiency will generally mis-classify rational and efficient managers as inefficient. We develop a more appropriate measure of revenue efficiency that accounts for exogenously-determined demands. We explain how data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods can be used to estimate our measure. The methodology is applied to hospital and health service networks in Queensland (Australia). We find that most of these networks were able to maximise the revenue they could obtain from their predetermined inputs.

Risk Mitigation from a Public Service Perspective

This article seeks to explain disaster risk mitigation from a public service. The variety of disasters that occur and have the potential in Indonesia requires risk mitigation that public services can run normally. Literature studies conducted by the author through various research journal references related to public service risk mitigation are represented in explaining disaster risk mitigation in the perspective of public service. The findings show that risk mitigation can shape public service providers in facing various risks of natural and non-natural disasters through an understanding built between all stakeholders. The dimensions of compliance, deliberation and collaboration, accountability and transparency, and the use of technology are aspects of risk mitigation to optimize public service.

Who Does the Public Blame for Inequities in Public Service Provision? Examining the Effect of Contracting and Cost Information in a Survey Experiment

Research assessing blame attribution in third-party governance views public service performance as a function of efficiency and effectiveness but overlooks equity. We address this gap in the literature by asking two questions: (1) Does contracting out lessen the blame assigned to the government for inequitable service provision? and (2) Is the public less critical of inequitable service provision when told it results in greater efficiency? To answer these questions, a survey experiment was conducted using a representative sample of United States residents (n = 1034). The results show that, while the government still bears responsibility for inequitable service provision, contracting out diminishes some of the responsibility placed on the government, shifting it toward the contractor instead. In addition, citizens’ blame attribution patterns do not change when told inequitable service provision results from efforts to improve efficiency, which suggests that the public does not excuse inequitable service provision even when told it saves money. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of blame dynamics in third-party governance and bring implications to democratic accountability.

Real-Time Face Mask Detection Using MobileNet V2

Abstract: The rapid disruption of international trade and travel caused by the COVID-19 epidemic has had an impact on our daily lives. The custom of donning a face mask for protection has evolved. In the near future, a lot of public service providers will demand that clients wear appropriate masks in order to use their services. Identification of face masks is becoming a crucial duty to support world culture. This paper outlines a condensed method for accomplishing this goal utilizing certain fundamental machine learning tools, such as TensorFlow, Keras, OpenCV, and Scikit-Learn. The project's goal is to identify face masks at a public event or gathering. MobileNet V2 is the algorithm employed in the project to accomplish the goal. There is a picture of a few people with and without masks. As an input dataset, a picture of a few individuals wearing and not wearing masks is employed. Pre- processing, data augmentation, training, testing, and image segmentation are some of the steps that go into reaching the project's goal. Creating a model that can identify people who are not wearing masks in public settings is the goal of this project. To guarantee adherence to the standards for public safety, this work can be combined with real-time applications at airports, train stations, businesses,schools, and other public locations.

Public service users’ responses to performance information: Bayesian learning or motivated reasoning?

Abstract Although performance information is widely promoted to improve the accountability of public service provision, behavioral research has revealed that motivated reasoning leads recipients to update their beliefs inaccurately. However, the reasoning processes of service users have been largely neglected. We develop a theory of public service users’ motivated reasoning about performance information stemming from their identification with the organization providing their services. We address a significant challenge to studying motivated reasoning—that widely used existing research designs cannot rule out alternative cognitive explanations, especially Bayesian learning, such that existing findings could be driven by strong prior beliefs rather than biased processing of new information. We use a research design incorporating Bayesian learning as a benchmark to identify departures from accuracy motivated reasoning process. We assess the empirical implications of the theory using a preregistered information provision experiment among parents with children using public schools. To assess their identity-based motivated reasoning, we provide them with noisy, but true, performance information about their school. Overall, we find no evidence of directionally motivated reasoning. Instead, parents change their beliefs in response to performance feedback in a way that largely reflects conservative Bayesian learning. Performance reporting to service users is less vulnerable to motivational biases in this context than suggested by the general literature on motivated reasoning. Furthermore, exploratory findings show that performance information can correct erroneous beliefs among misinformed service users, suggesting that investment in reporting performance to service users is worthwhile to inform their beliefs and improve accountability.

Fiscal Prudence and Economic Growth in Asia: the role of Efficient Public Spending

The present research is an attempt to study the role of public sector efficiencies in determining optimal fiscal size of the governments for selected Asian countries. Studying efficiency of public spending is important because efficient government spending leads to improved provision of public services like health, education, infrastructure, and welfare initiatives. Improving public sector efficiency will help to promote transparency and accountability which reduces the chances of corruption and wastage of scarce public resources. Using the panel data for 19 developing countries for years 1996-2022, efficiency augmented optimal size of government expenditures is calculated. Pooled Mean Group technique is employed to calculate the impact of efficiency on growth maximizing levels of government total spending, government consumption spending and government investment spending. Results establish strong impact of efficiency in public expenditures on optimal fiscal size. Other variables enhancing economic growth include capital stock and trade openness, while human capital has negative effects. Public sector efficiencies are found to reduce growth maximizing size of government spending. The optimal size of government total expenditure is estimated to be 25.19 %, while optimal fiscal size for government consumption expenditure and government investment expenditure are 14.04%, and 11.18 % respectively for developing Asian countries.

FERTILITY TRANSITION IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS

Every government's first responsibility is to ensure the provision of public health services, and as a result, the government has taken action to maintain public health by opening health centres, hospitals, and mobile hospitals as well as by planning large-scale health awareness campaigns. In this essay, the patterns and trends in India's infant and child mortality rates and fertility rate from 1951 to 2023 are examined. the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, Vital Statistics Division, books, journals, RBI bulletins, theses, and websites; and the Directorate of Economics and Statistics. According to the data, India had a death rate of 27.584 per 1000 people in 1951, a 2.050 percent decrease from 1950. India currently has a death rate of 7.416 per 1000 people in 2023, a 0.490 percent decrease from 2022. Similar to this, India had a 1951 infant mortality rate of 186.737 deaths per 1000 live births, a 1.530 percent decrease from 1950. India's infant mortality rate in 2023 is projected to be 26.619 deaths per 1000 live births, a 3.89 percent decrease from 2022. 5.906 babies per woman are delivered in India in 1951, a 0.020 percent decrease from 1950. In India, there will be 2.139 births per woman in 2023, a 0.93 percent decrease from 2022. India's fertility rate fell by 0.92 percent from 2021 to 2022, to 2.159 births per woman. According to the study, between 1950 and 2023, India's mortality and infant mortality rates rose at compound annual growth rates of 6.44 percent and 7.25 percent, respectively, as did its fertility rate. The trend coefficients, which are positive and significant at a 5 percent level, suggest that India's death rate, infant mortality rate, and fertility rate have all increased between 1950 and 2023. The trend coefficient for India's death rate, infant mortality rate, and fertility rate from 1950 to 2023 is 0.077, whereas it is 0.072 for the number of fertility rates. In India, there has been a general decline in death rates throughout time.

Global Perspectives on Fiscal Policy and Labor Income-Leisure Choices: Theoretical and Practical Insights

In macroeconomic literature, fiscal policy is considered a powerful tool to achieve sustainable development, full employment, and social well-being in developed and developing societies. For this, public authority uses expansionary and contractionary tax policies to achieve stable growth and employment environment for the stable labor market. This study theoretically and empirically investigates the problem of inference on income-leisure labor preference. Also, it considers the impact of tax and expenditure structure on labor choices regarding working hours under the assumption of neoclassical theory. We use quantile regression analysis to investigate the data set for worldwide, high, and low-income countries from 2000 to 2022, for the macro-level analysis based on the empirical investigation of 123 countries cross-section panel. The outcomes show that when the fiscal authorities impose a regressive form of taxes, it may hurt the labor wages and distribution of income-leisure preferences or the welfare of labor. Similarly, non-labor income hurts labor utility through a large volume of non-development expenditure. However, when the progressive form of taxes is imposed, it may improve the labor utility. At the same time, on the other side, when fiscal authority disburses the development expenditure, it may support the non-labor income through the provision of public goods and services. For practice, the empirical results of quantile regression show that government expenditure has a positive while tax hurts labor supply. Fiscal policy in low-income countries has provided an alternative outcome

Collaborative Governance Model of IPSPs (Independent Public Services Providers) of Joint Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDesma) in Indonesia

Introduction: Poverty alleviation of marginalized communities, especially for rural areas, uses a rural area development strategy. Law Number 6 of 2014 concern of Village Autonomy, the nature and leadership style of the Village Head emphasizes sectoral ego, low commitment, no innovation and creativity, and responsibility for development in rural areas as negative symptoms. This is a phenomenon that attracts parties as a contributing factor to the failure of collaborative governance in rural area development. Theoretical review: This study aims to explain the elements of collaborative governance of IPSPs (independent public services providers) in the development of rural areas. Governance is essentially a process, method, activity and system of cooperative interaction between a number of actors or organizations to manage together (collectivity) to implement policies based on the same goals and interests based on social contract. Methods: The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Researchers conducted 4 (four) stages including: a). data collection; b). data condensation; c). data display; d). conclusion: drawing/verifying. Result and Discussion: The results are the elements of collaborative governance for the development of rural areas have not been carried out optimally. This is due to the sectoral ego of the village government prefers to manage its own village area through village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) than managing the area together in BUMDesma Ngantang Bersinar. Conclusion: The change of BUMDesma management did not bring significant changes and lacked the willingness to produce creative and innovative ideas. In addition, the leadership factor is crucial to be considered.

New challenges of local and regional public service provision: platforms and their cybersecurity issues

Public service provision and administration have been transformed by the digitalization and application of information and communication technologies (ICT). My paper will focus mainly on the impact of these changes on the service provision and on the cybersecurity issues. The new, general systems offer a more efficient service provision but it has several, non-primarily perceived impacts. First of all, the ‘platformisation’ of the local services could be interpreted as a new form of centralization. These platforms are either managed by the central government or the data for the local and regional managed platforms are provided by the central government. The approach of the data management and the data provision has a standardisation, and thus a centralisation effect. The centrally managed platforms and the interface between local and central system has even cybersecurity issues: these interfaces, and especially the local systems could be vulnerable to cyberattacks.

The particular and diffuse effects of negative interactions on participation: Evidence from responses to police killings

AbstractThe relationship between the public and local government is crucial for the success of government in carrying out its duties. Despite this, the public is not always willing to engage with government. Previous research tells us that negative personal bureaucratic interactions can politically demobilize. However, little is known about whether feedback effects on participation are particular to offending government agencies or similarly felt by other organizations in a community. Building on studies of policy feedback, this study investigates how police killings, a form of community police contact, influence the public's willingness to engage with both local police and other local public services. Negative events, even when not directly experienced, disempower the public and undermine legitimacy, depressing participation. We test the effects of policing killings on participation using both observational data on 911 calls and 311 requests and a survey experiment where we manipulate exposure to a community police killing. We find evidence of decreased participation with local police and local government more broadly, contributing to our understanding of policy feedback, policing, and provision of public services.